Essential Questions: What contributions did the Ancient Greeks make during the Golden Age? Hellenistic Age? What did Alexander the Great accomplish?
I. Greek Art of the Golden Age (400's B.C.)
A. After the Persian War, the Greeks developed a Golden Age in which Greece
contribute much to Western Civilization
1. Architecture
a. Parthenon - A temple built in honor of Athena
b. Columns (Doric, Ionian, Corinthian)
2. Sculpture
a. Phidias - Sculpted the statue of Zeus at the Temple of Olympia
3. Philosophy
a. Socrates - Taught that education was the key to personal growth
-Refused to teach memorization, instead he asked questions
b. Plato - Wrote The Republic - a book on the ideal government
-Only the most educated citizens should hold public office
c. Aristotle - Every field of knowledge had to be studied logically
4. Mathematics, Medicine, and Science
a. Pythagoras - Believed everything could be explained through math
b. Hippocrates - Founder of medical science and knowledge
5. History
a. Herodotus - The first historian of the Western world (the Father of History)
6. Greek Tragedies ( the main character struggles against fate or events)
a. Euripides - Wrote The Trojan Women, which shows the pain of war
b. Sophocles - Wrote the tragic play Oedipus Rex
II. Alexander the Great
A. Phillip II conquered most of Greece and his son Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire
(see map pg 139)
1. His influence extended from Macedonia/Greece to the Indus River Valley
B. Impact of Alexander
1. Conquered people combined Greek culture with their own
2. Greek was spoken throughout the world
3. His reign spread a new culture throughout the rest of the world
a. This new way of life became known as the Hellenistic Age
III. The spread of Hellenistic Culture (323 B.C. - 146 B.C.)
A. Science in the Hellenistic
1. Mathematics and Physics
a. Euclid - Contributed to the development of geometry
b. Archimedes - He calculated the value of pi
2. Medicine
3. Astronomy and Geography
B. The Hellenistic Age ended with the rise of the Roman Empire