Essential Question: How did the new corporations and technology create the conditions for economic growth during the Industrial Revolution?
I. Sources of Economic Growth
A. Innovations and Breakthroughs
1. Technology combined with new corporate structures and pioneering management techniques
B. Technology
1. Electrical industries
a. Thomas Edison � light buld
b. George Westinghouse � made light bulb useful
c. Nikola Tesla � Helped Westinghouse with the light bulb
d. Henry Ford - Model T (1909)
C. Corporate Growth
1. Demand for mass-production allowed for growth in sophisticated,
organized corporations
2. Employment numbers in corporations grew
a. Chicago International Harvester
b.DuPont Corp.
c. Ford Motor Company
3. Nationwide transportation and communication created national market
D. Mass Production and Distribution
1. Mass production techniques resulted in:
a. Increased speed in production
b. Lower unit costs
c. Replace skilled workers
2. James Buchanan Duke
a. Innovations in mass distribution
b. Advertising
c. Regional sales offices
E. Corporate Consolidation
1. Corporate expansion wanted to avoid market instability
a. �Pools,� �cartels,� �trusts�
2. American Tobacco Company
a. James B. Duke
3. U.S. Steel Corporation (1901)
a. Andrew Carnegie
b. J.P. Morgan
F. Scientific Management on the Factory Floor
1. Frederick Winslow Taylor
a. Scientific management
2. Henry Ford
a. Assembly line
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Chapter 20: An Industrial Society, 1890-1920 (sec 2)
Essential Question: What hardships and experiences did immigrants experience? What explains the new sexuality and the rise of feminism?
II. Building Ethnic Communities
A. A network of institutions
1. Each ethnic group quickly established network of institutions that
supplied sense of community and multiplied sources of assistance
a. Churches, synagogues, newspapers, fraternal societies
B. The emergence of an ethnic middle class
1. Within each ethnic group, sizable minority dedicated talents and
ambitions to economic gain
2. Route to economic success was different for different ethnic groups
a. Dry goods stores, butcher shops, saloons
-They opened these establishments in their own
neighborhoods
b. Other immigrants turned to small industry (i.e. garment making)
C. Political machines and organized crime
1. Underside of economic success was rise of gov�t corruption and
organized crime
a. Machines were both positive and negative forces in urban life
-Provided poor neighborhoods with paved roads and sewer
-The machine bosses used a variety of ways (legal or
illegal) to bring victory on election day
III. The Joys of the City
A. Appeal of popular culture
1. Workers crowded dance halls, theaters, amusement parks, and ballparks
a. Movies most popular form of entertainment
B. Appeal of motion pictures
1. Well suited to poor city dwellers with little money, little free time, and
little English
2. American-made films tended toward comedies, adventure and romances
IV. The New Sexuality and the Rise of Feminism
A. Separate sphere ideology
1. Prevailing ideology of nineteenth century postulated that women were
naturally chaste and passionless creatures
a. Revolt against established ideas began in late nineteenth century
B. Feminism
1. By second decade of twentieth century, eloquent spokeswomen had
emerged to make case for full female freedom and equality
2. Movement for sexual and gender equality aroused considerable anxiety
in more conservative sectors of American society
3. Conservatives felt that new women would transform America cities into
dens of iniquity