D3X(tm) DOS-Extender v0.90 unleash `h' alpha
the doc
*
Copyright © 1998-2004 Daniel Borca

*
dborca 'at' yahoo 'dot' com
http://www.geocities.com/dborca/


Motto:
Combining unlimited control
with unmatched efficiency...


  1. Table of contents

    1. Table of contents
    2. Description
    3. Legal stuff
    4. Download & install
    5. Getting started
    6. Tech stuff
    7. Closing bytes, words, doublewords...

  2. Description

  3. D3X (DOS 32bit eXtender) is a 32bit ring 0 protected mode DOS extender; it is used as a stub for 32bit applications: Assembly, DJGPP, WATCOM. D3X is very fast, small and reliable (deemed to have production quality, despite being an alpha release). Oh, and it's written in 100% assembler, for Assembly freaks...

  4. Legal stuff

  5. The term D3X is a shorthand and holds no connection with potential owners of registered trademarks or other rights.
    All product names, trademarks and registered trademarks contained in this document are the property of their respective holders.
    The "Software", below, refers to the complete contents of the D3X package.
    The "Extender", below, refers to any of the D3X extender stubs.

    1. License agreement:

    2. Software is provided `as is' and without any warranty; there is no warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

      The author of the Software explicitly lays no claim to, and asserts no rights over, any programs using the Extender. Such programs do not fall under this licence at all, and may be placed under any licence.

      Software is freely redistributable as long as this licence is kept with the Software. Charging a fee for the Software is prohibited.

      Software, or parts thereof, may be incorporated into other free software (that may be obtained free of charge) without requiring permission from the author, as long as those parts of the Software that are used remain under this licence and as long as due credit is given to the author of the Software in the resulting work.

      Modified forms of the Software may be created and distributed, as long as the resulting work remains under this licence, as long as the modified form of the Software is distributed with documentation which still gives credit to the original author of the Software, as long as the modified form of the Software is distributed with a clear statement that it is not the original form of the Software as distributed by the author, and as long as the author is informed of this action.

      Software, or parts thereof, may be incorporated into other software which is not free (for which a fee is charged) as long as permission is granted from the author of the Software. The author reserves the right to grant permission only for a fee, which may at his option take the form of royalty payments. The author also reserves the right to refuse to grant permission if he deems it necessary.

      No other licence applies to the Software, and nothing else grants you any permission to copy, modify, sublicence or distribute the Software in any way.


  6. Download & install

  7. Unzip the archive, preserving the directory structure.

    1. Requirements:


    2. Rebuilding:

    3. This baby was make'd (from D3X/SRC directory) using:
      NASM v0.98.38nasm.sourceforge.net
      ALINK v1.6alink.home.dhs.org
      DJGPP v2.04www.delorie.com (gcc v3.3.3, make v3.80)
      UPX v1.25d (optional) upx.sourceforge.net

      Note: using different versions and/or completely different tools might or might not yield satisfactory results.

      You must define exactly one TARGET if you want to manually rebuild the extender, for various reasons (tweaking springs to mind). TARGET can take one of the following values:

      TARGET=0build Assembly stub
      TARGET=1build DJGPP stub
      TARGET=2build WATCOM stub (usually requires I21API and I33API)

      Other available options:
      EXC0f[disabled]do not enable this option, unless you have read Section 5.1 and you know what you are doing.
      PAGED[disabled]turning this on will enable paging under RAW and XMS platforms. More details in Chapter 5.
      SSIRQ[disabled]enabling this will make all IRQs issued from PM to switch to a locked stack. See Section 5.1.
      TDMAP[disabled]use a top-down scheme when allocing PTEs for physical to linear mapping.
      SYMLINK[enabled*]support DJGPPish symbolic links. This option disables itself for Assembly and WATCOM stubs.
      EXTRALINEAR[4MB]physical mapping will eat page entries from this pool, instead of consuming regular PTEs of host memory.

      There is room left for further speed optimizations. For example, aligning all variables and code entrypoints could make a difference, but I'm just too lazy to do it myself.
    4. Archive content:

    5. 	D3X
      	+---BIN		everything you'd ever need is here
      	+---DOC		some documentation, to (un)confuse you
      	+---ETC 	wlink script, some examples, old TASM source
      	\---SRC		D3X NASM sourcecode and ANSI-C utilities

    6. History:

    7. 0.90.h:
      - added option to rebuild with safe-stack IRQs
      - option to change physical map scheme when paging
      - increased default DJGPP stack size to 2MB
      - fixed a bug in the [Open]Watcom manager/loader
      - made the stub manager a little smarter
      - package changes, source revamping, documentation update
      0.90.g:
      - sign extend ESI and EDI on the mouse callback
      - some minor package changes
      0.90.f:
      - first "official" release...

  8. Getting started

  9. D3X supports RAW/XMS/VCPI/DPMI platforms, but the optimal (read: safest and fastest) configuration is a plain DOS system with XMS.

    1. Raw images (Assembly):

    2. Any MZ-EXE can be extended provided it contains 32bit code, defines a stack and has no relocations. Also, to ease things, the pretty sophisticated MZ-EXE header is replaced with the very simple D3X1 header. But alas! I hear you cry. Worry not, the dirty job is done by StubX, which is able to process both D3X1 and MZ-EXE; just type:
      	> StubX -s my_MZapp.exe
      or
      	> StubX -s my_D3X1.exe
      and voila! the dream comes true...

      The D3X1 specifications:

      1. D3X1 header:
      2. 	d3x1_hdr	struc
        		sign	dd	?	;signature 'D3X1'
        		hdrsize	dd	?	;header size (bytes)
        		binsize	dd	?	;binary size (bytes)
        		addsize	dd	?	;additional memory (bytes)
        		entry	dd	?	;entry point
        		tos	dd	?	;top of stack
        	d3x1_hdr	ends
      3. Interface to D3X1:
      4. 	eflags		?202h
        	cs,ds,ss	program block sel (cs = code32, ds=ss = data32)
        	es		selector for transferbuffer (es:0 -> stubinfo)
        	fs		flat data selector
        	gs		flat code selector
        	eip,esp		according to header
        	.addsize	zeroed
        	<others>	undefined
      5. Stubinfo area:
      6. 	[00h] (byte[])	=	'd3x1stub vM.mm'
        	[10h] (dword)	=	size of stubinfo
        	[14h] (dword)	=	<unused>
        	[18h] (dword)	=	memory block handle
        	[1ch] (dword)	=	initial size (.binsize+.addsize)
        	[20h] (word)	=	transferbuffer size
        	[22h] (word)	=	transferbuffer data32 selector
        	[24h] (word)	=	transferbuffer data segment
        	[26h] (word)	=	PSP selector
        	[28h] (word)	=	transferbuffer code16 selector
        	[2ah] (word)	=	environment size
        	[2ch] (byte)	=	platform (0=RAW, 1=XMS, 2=VCPI, 3=DPMI)
        	[2dh] (byte[3])	=	reserved

    3. DJGPP images (v2 only):

    4. The simplest thing ever done:
      	> StubX -s my_DJapp.exe

    5. WATCOM images:

    6. Welcome to hell! Usually, the WATCOM images require an extended INT21h API. For most programs out there, the provided API and the DPMI host is more than sufficient. Also note that 16bit objects are loaded high, not low.
      The LE-EXE patching is a bit more complicated, but, again, have no fear; just run StubX on such nasty monsters:
      	> StubX -s my_LEapp.exe

  10. Tech stuff

  11. Although D3X does not support swapping, it has the capability to use paging even under XMS/RAW (through the VCPI allocation scheme); it is somehow slower and the pagetables might grow very high if physical RAM is high. On the other hand, it catches any illegal memory access through page faults. Introduced for future virtual memory support, this not-so-tested feature requires rebuilding.

    1. Interrupt engine:

    2. D3X doesn't relocate PIC at all. The algorithm it uses is: PM IRQs are issued on the user stack, unless D3X is recompiled with SSIRQ.
      When issuing an interrupt, be sure you have a valid stack with at least 64 bytes on it. The internal interrupt engine is based on the user stack (for speed) and if there's no stack space you have 100% chances to get a frozen reboot or a DoubleException.
      Some exception identification relies on that FLAGS can't resemble a valid code selector. If this happens, exceptions with error code would be treated as interrupts (which is wrong). Intel compatible CPUs won't allow this, because Bit1==1 in FLAGS and we run at ring 0. However, various specifications can use this bit, making it clearable. Thus, the simplest way to stay clear is to keep IOPL!=0 (bits 12-13 in FLAGS). Sane users shouldn't mess with this s#!t. That is, you can still f#*k the system, but don't come back to me crying. Also, if a TRAP/ABORT exception w/o error code occurs right after an instruction which ends with CD??, where ?? is the exception number, you'll get an interrupt:
      		push	dword 3302h
      		popfd
      		mov	ax,01cdh
      				<- int01h, not debug exception
      If an exception handler is installed, it will be called in a DPMI compliant manner: with the exception structure on the stack. You can alter *ONLY* those fields DPMI says you can, and nothing else. Anyway, there are two deviations from the rule: When terminating due to unhandled exception, the returned DOS error code is: e0h + exception number.
    3. DPMI host:

      1. DPMI functions:
      2. Func.Mode(s)VerDescription
        0000hP0.9Allocate LDT descriptors
        0001hr0.9+Free LDT descriptor
        0003hP0.9Get huge pointer increment
        0006hP0.9Get segment base address
        0007hP0.9+Set segment base address
        0008hP0.9+Set segment limit
        0009hP0.9+Set descriptor access rights
        000AhP0.9Create alias descriptor
        000BhP0.9Get descriptor
        000ChP0.9+Set descriptor
        0100hr0.9Allocate DOS memory
        0101hr0.9+Free DOS memory
        0102hr0.9Resize DOS memory
        0200hP0.9Get real-mode interrupt vector
        0201hP0.9Set real-mode interrupt vector
        0202hP0.9Get exception vector
        0203hP0.9Set exception vector
        0204hP0.9Get protected-mode int vector
        0205hP0.9Set protected-mode int vector
        0300hr0.9Simulate real-mode interrupt
        0301hr0.9Call real-mode procedure (RETF)
        0302hr0.9Call real-mode procedure (IRET)
        0303hP0.9Allocate real mode call-back
        0304hP0.9Free real mode call-back
        0400hP0.9Get version
        0500hP/r0.9Get free memory information
        0501hP/r0.9Allocate memory block
        0502hP/r0.9Free memory block
        0503hP/r0.9Resize memory block
        0600hPbogusLock memory
        0601hPbogusUnlock memory
        0604hPbogusGet page size
        0800hP0.9Map physical address
        0900hP0.9Disable interrupts
        0901hP0.9Enable interrupts
        0902hP0.9Get interrupt state
      3. Allocation strategy:
      4. RAW- kb granular(best fit)
        XMS- kb granular(???)
        VCPI- 4k granular (first fit)
        DPMI - ???(???)
      5. DPMI 0.90 deviation list:
        • int24h is not handled at all
        • D3X doesn't switch stacks for protected-mode IRQs, due to speed reasons; that is, unless it is compiled with safe-stack option enabled.
        • The selector modification functions don't allow non-present selectors to prevent severe exceptions.
        • The <0.9+> functions act like <1.0>, but they never return an error code.
      6. Tips & tricks:
        • D3X checks for the presence of a DPMI host first. In that case your program talks to the DPMI host and not D3X. As discussed above, D3X doesn't support all DPMI 0.9 features, so if you develop under a DPMI host be sure you sometimes test with no DPMI!
        • Some DPMI functions are *BOGUS* (i.e. locking functions), because D3X doesn't have virtual memory and pages are never swapped on disk. Though, these functions are useful when running under another DPMI host (that uses virtual memory), and therefore they return ok.
        • In RAW mode, all extended memory is allocated (internally) and if you run another app in shell mode, no extended memory will be available. Sorry, may get fixed someday.

    4. INT21 extended API (WATCOM version only):

    5.     1.DOS/09h - Write String to Standard Output:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 09h
      	DS:EDX -> '$' terminated string to write
      
          Out: always successful
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          2.DOS/1Ah - Set Disk Transfer Area:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 1Ah
      	DS:EDX -> buffer for DTA
      
          Out: always successful
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          3.DOS/1Bh - Get Allocation Information for Default Drive:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 1Bh
      
          Out: always successful:
      		AL	= sectors per cluster
      		ECX	= bytes per sector
      		EDX	= total number of clusters
      		DS:EBX -> media ID byte
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          4.DOS/1Ch - Get Allocation Information for Specific Drive:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 1Ch
      	DL	= drive number
      
          Out: if successful:
      		same as DOS/1Bh
      	 if failed:
      		AL	= FFh (invalid drive)
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          5.DOS/1Fh - Get Drive Parameter Block for Default Drive:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 1Fh
      
          Out: if successful:
      		DS:EBX -> drive parameter block
      	 if failed:
      		AL	= FFh (invalid drive)
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          6.DOS/25h - Set Interrupt Vector:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 25h
      	AL	= interrupt number
      	DS:EDX -> interrupt routine
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          7.DOS/2Fh - Get Disk Transfer Area:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 2Fh
      
          Out: always successful:
      		ES:EBX -> DTA
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          8.DOS/32h - Get Drive Parameter Block for Specific Drive:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 32h
      	DL	= drive number
      
          Out: if successful:
      		AL	= 0
      		DS:EBX -> drive parameter block
      	 if failed:
      		AL	= FFh (invalid drive)
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          9.DOS/34h - Get Address of InDOS Flag:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 34h
      
          Out: always successful:
      		ES:EBX -> InDOS flag
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          10.DOS/35h - Get Interrupt Vector:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 35h
      	AL	= interrupt number
      
          Out: always successful:
      		ES:EBX -> interrupt routine
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          11.DOS/39h - Create Subdirectory:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 39h
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          12.DOS/3Ah - Remove Subdirectory:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 3Ah
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          13.DOS/3Bh - Set Directory:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 3Bh
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          14.DOS/3Ch - Create File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 3Ch
      	CX	= attribute
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= handle
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          15.DOS/3Dh - Open File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 3Dh
      	AL	= open code
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= handle
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          16.DOS/3Fh - Read From File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	 = 3Fh
      	BX	 = file handle
      	ECX	 = number of bytes to read
      	DS:EDX -> buffer to read to
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= number of bytes read
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          17.DOS/40h - Write To File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	 = 40h
      	BX	 = file handle
      	ECX	 = number of bytes to write
      	DS:EDX -> buffer to write from
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= number of bytes written
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          18.DOS/41h - Delete File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	 = 41h
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          19.DOS/43h - Get/Set File Attributes:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	 = 43h
      	AL	 = function code
      	CX	 = desired attributes
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		CX	= current attributes
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          20.DOS/47h - Get Directory Path:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 47h
      	DL	= drive number
      	DS:ESI -> buffer for path
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		buffer pointed to by DS:ESI is filled with the path
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          21.DOS/48h - Allocate Memory Block:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 48h
      	BX	= paragraphs to allocate
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= selector for memory block
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
      		EBX	= maximum paragraphs available
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          22.DOS/49h - Free Memory Block:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 49h
      	ES	= selector for memory block
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		ES	= NULL selector (to prevent loading invalid selector)
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          23.DOS/4Ah - Resize Memory Block:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 4Ah
      	BX	= total paragraphs to allocate
      	ES	= selector
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
      		EBX	= maximum paragraphs available for specified block
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          24.DOS/4Bh - Sub-Function 00h - Load and Execute Program:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 4Bh
      	AL	= 00h
      	DS:EDX -> path name
      	ES:EBX -> parameter block
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          25.DOS/4Eh - Search for First Filename Match:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 4Eh
      	CX	= file attribute
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= 0
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          26.DOS/4Fh - Search for Next Filename Match:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 4Fh
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= 0
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          27.DOS/56h - Rename File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 56h
      	DS:EDX -> old filename
      	ES:EDI -> new filename
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          28.DOS/5Bh - New File:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 5Bh
      	CX	= attribute
      	DS:EDX -> ASCIIZ path name
      
          Out: if successful:
      		carry flag clear
      		EAX	= handle
      	 if failed:
      		carry flag set
      		EAX	= error code
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          29.DOS/62h - Get PSP:
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AH	= 62h
      
          Out: always successful:
      		EBX	PSP selector
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    6. INT33 extended API (WATCOM version only): carry flag is always set on error

    7.     1.MOUSE/0009h - Set graphics pointer shape
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AX	= 0009h
      	BX	= hot spot (horizontal)
      	CX	= hot spot (vertical)
      	DS:EDX -> pointer shape
      
          Out: none
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          2.MOUSE/000Ch - Set event handler
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AX	= 000Ch
      	CX	= event mask
      	DS:EDX -> event handler code
      
          Out: none
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          3.MOUSE/0016h - Save driver state
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AX	= 0016h
      	DS:EDX -> buffer for driver state
      
          Out: none
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
          4.MOUSE/0017h - Load driver state
          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
          In:	AX	= 0017h
      	DS:EDX -> buffer containing state
      
          Out: none
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    8. D3X errors:

    9. In some cases, the extender generates an error (`D3X: error 0x??'), and the program will exit with proper error code:
      D3X: error 0xff: need 386+ CPU
      You need 32bit PM. Buy a 386!
      D3X: error 0xfe: need DOS 3.0+
      This is needed for file I/O. Upgrade!
      D3X: error 0xfd: no DOS memory
      The extender could not initialize. Free up some low memory, use XMS/RAW (no pagetables), or decrease transferbuffer (min 2k).
      D3X: error 0xfc: DPMI host error
      An external DPMI host is present and unable to provide full services, or is 16bit. Remove the foreign host.
      D3X: error 0xfb: VCPI server error
      A VCPI server is present and unable to provide full services. Reboot without EMM (or update your Expanded Memory Manager).
      D3X: error 0xfa: V86 but no DPMI/VCPI
      Either the memory manager is in AUTO mode, or a strange virtual mode provider lies in the background. Stop it!
      D3X: error 0xf9: A20 gate failure
      The extender cannot take control over the A20 line. Either is a hardware error, or the memory manager is stupid.
      D3X: error 0xf8: unable to spawn image
      Cannot load the application file; it may be missing, corrupted or unsupported type.
      D3X: error 0xf7: no DPMI memory
      Failed allocating memory through (either internal or external) DPMI host.

  12. Closing bytes, words, doublewords...

  13. D3X is dedicated to all those who love the Art of Assembler.

    The DOC files for D3X may be not complete, as I'm working on this alone and there are things I can't figure out for now... If you have something decent to comment/ask/suggest, do not hesitate to do so.

    Creditz:

    	Adam Seychell     (DOS32 v0.1)		- idea and basics
    	CW Sandmann       (CWSDPMI v0.90+ r4)	- task and int handling
    	Matthias Grimrath (PMODE/DJ v1.2)	- VCPI setup
    	Michael Tippach   (WDOSX v0.96 beta 1)	- LE loader, stub manager idea
    Greetz:
    	Gerula ~ AG (Gfx/Code/Muzak) - happy new games, if ever...



...done by GrayWolf ~ Access Granted

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