(Picture by Drhoz)

    2.5 million year-old Projugalceratops problematicus, unearthed in Spec's Florida, is the only  is the only jugalceratopsine fossil yet found.  This generalized herbivore was quite similar to Cretaceous Protoceratops and the present-day dawnhorn of Asia, but its affinities to other jugalceratopsines are uncertain.  Most paleontologists had assumed the jugalceratopsines evolved from a dinoceratops-like ancestor, but the generalized Projugalceratops is more similar to Cretaceous Protoceratops and the present-day dawnhorn of Asia than to any dinoceratopsine.

    To further complicate matters, this North American fossil bears a very strong resemblance to the poorly-understood Frill-tusker of the Amazon.  Perhaps the frill-tusker and Projugalceratops form a group ancestral to all other jugalceratopsines, but more specimens must be studied to determine whether the species' similarities are phylogenic or merely convergent.

(Text by Daniel Bensen)