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RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON |
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primary: |
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Raynaud's disease [idiopathic; familial; usually young female] |
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secondary: |
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connective tissue diseases: |
scleroderma systemic lupus erythematosus mixed connective tissue disease |
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arterial obstruction: |
thromboangiitis obliterans (Berger's disease)cervical rib cervical spondylosis |
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neurological causes: |
syringomyelia tabes dorsalis any peripheral neuropathy |
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drugs: |
beta-blockers (especially nonselective)ergot derivatives oral contraceptive pill |
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other / miscellaneous: |
cryoglobulinaemia cold agglutinins Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia trauma, eg. vibrating tools (occupational)1� pulmonary hypertension |
NB: to differentiate Raynaud's phenomenon from ACROCYANOSIS ('hereditary cold extremities') - latter is usually mild and does not show typical colour changes of Raynaud's phenomenon (blue-white-red)
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