PULMONARY FIBROSIS

(INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE)

extrinsic allergic alveolitis [caused by organic dusts]:

farmer's lung

bird-fancier's lung

and many others

pneumoconioses [fibrogenic dusts]:

silicosis

asbestosis

berylliosis

granulomatous disease:

sarcoidosis

tuberculosis (chronic, healed or miliary)

amyloidosis

Wegener's granulomatosis (and other vasculitides)

connective tissue and related disease:

rheumatoid arthritis ('rheumatoid lung', Caplan's syndrome)

systemic lupus erythematosus

scleroderma

ankylosing spondylitis

mixed connective tissue disease

Goodpasture's syndrome

neoplasia:

lymphangitis carcinomatosa

diffuse lung carcinoma, especially alveolar cell carcinoma

multiple metastases

aspiration / inhalation:

acute

Mendelsen's syndrome

chronic (recurrent aspiration):

pharyngeal pouch / achalasia

tracheo-oesophageal fistula

neuromuscular disorders

mental retardation

toxic chemicals / poisons:

burning foam

paraquat

malathione

drugs:

amiodarone

methotrexate

busulphan

cyclophosphamide

most other cytotoxic drugs

nitrofurantoin

opiates

sulphasalazine

thiazides

haloperidol

lignocaine

practolol

methysergide

gold

amphotericin B

penicillamine

phenytoin

carbamazepine

aspirin

hexamethonium

high dose oxygen

other / miscellaneous causes:

cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis [idiopathic lung fibrosis; commonest cause]

viral infections (measles, chickenpox)

radiation pneumonitis

adult respiratory distress syndrome

idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis

pulmonary eosinophilia

chronic, recurrent pulmonary oedema, especially due to mitral stenosis

inflammatory bowel disease

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