PROTEINURIA

renal disease:

glomerulonephritis [various causes; commonest is diabetes mellitus]

urinary tract infection

obstructive nephropathy [orthostatic proteinuria; early morning urine normal]

renal vein thrombosis (+ haematuria + loin pain)

chronic interstitial nephritis, eg. analgesic nephropathy

nephrotic syndrome [>3g / 24 hours; mainly albumin]

tubular disease [tubular proteinuria; very rare; proteinuria is mainly globulins]:

Fanconi syndrome

recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis

heavy metal poisoning

cystinosis

extra-renal causes:

congestive heart failure

constrictive pericarditis

postural (orthostatic) proteinuria

transient in febrile illnesses

following heavy exercise

pregnancy

multiple myeloma (Bence-Jones proteins; pass through normal glomeruli)

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