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RESTRICTIVE VENTILATORY IMPAIRMENT (LOW FVC) |
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pulmonary disease: |
any diffuse alveolar condition causing lung fibrosis pneumonia atelectasis bronchial carcinoma resection of lung tissue |
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pleural disease: |
effusion pneumothorax pleural thickening / mesothelioma |
|
cardiac causes: |
mitral stenosis left ventricular failure |
|
neuromuscular disease: |
polyneuropathy, eg. Guillain-Barre syndromemotor neurone disease poliomyelitis myasthenia gravis muscular dystrophies polymyopathy diaphragmatic palsy |
|
skeletal: |
kyphoscoliosis ankylosing spondylitis thoracoplasty (old Rx for tuberculosis)rib fractures |
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other: |
severe asthma or COPD splinting of diaphragm: obesity pregnancy |
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