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LIVER FAILURE |
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acute: |
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fulminant viral hepatitis (A, rarely B, C, E or G)acute alcoholic hepatitis mushroom poisoning (Amanita phalloides)ischaemic hepatopathy, e.g. associated with hypovolaemic shockacute fatty liver of pregnancy (rare)Reye's syndrome (associated with aspirin use in children; rare)leptospirosis acute hepatitis in Wilson's disease (rare) |
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drug-induced liver necrosis: |
halothane paracetamol overdose MAOIs anti-tuberculous drugs carbon tetrachloride [AST typically >25,000]other |
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chronic: |
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conditions usually leading to liver cirrhosis: |
alcoholic liver disease haemochromatosis primary biliary cirrhosis chronic hepatitis B infection chronic hepatitis C infection autoimmune ('lupoid') hepatitis primary sclerosing cholangitis Wilson's disease a 1-antitrypsin deficiencynon-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) |
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drugs: |
a-methyldopa isoniazid nitrofurantoin oxyphenacetin |
| miscellaneous causes: | cryptogenic cirrhosis |
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acute on chronic (conditions causing decompensation): |
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infection (including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) shunt surgery alcohol delta virus infection in hepatitis B protein meal upper GI bleed development of hepatoma drugs or toxins, e.g. alcohol any other 'insult' to the liver |
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