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HYPERCOAGULABILITY STATE |
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immobilisation: |
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prolonged bedrest (including post-MI and post-CVA)prolonged air / road travel postoperative state (especially abdo, hip, gynae, urological and lower limb operations) |
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drugs: |
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oral contraceptive pill steroids warfarin [may initially inhibit proteins C and S more than factors II, VII, IX and X; all are vit. K dependent] |
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haematological disorders: |
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hereditary: |
factor V Leiden mutation [commonest of hereditary causes]prothrombin G20210A mutation antithrombin deficiency factor XII deficiency plasminogen deficiency plasminogen activator deficiency plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency protein S deficiency protein C deficiency heparin cofactor II deficiency sickle-cell disease |
| acquired: |
disseminated intravascular coagulation essential thrombocythaemia paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia |
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other: |
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disseminated carcinoma cardiac failure obesity dehydration hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma nephrotic syndrome severe trauma or burns normal pregnancy and puerperal state smoking varicose veins anticardiolipin antibodies ('lupus anticoagulant') homocystinuria Behçet's syndrome |
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