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HEART BLOCK [CARDIAC CONDUCTION DEFECTS] |
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heart disease: |
cardiomyopathy ischaemic heart disease / acute myocardial infarction myotonic dystrophy atrial septal defect Lev's disease [fibro-calcific encroachment onto conduction system; associated with calcific aortic stenosis]Lenegre's disease [sclerodegeneration of conduction system] |
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infections: |
viral myocarditis acute rheumatic carditis bacterial endocarditis Lyme disease Chagas' disease |
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metabolic: |
hyperkalaemia hypokalaemia |
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connective tissue disease: |
scleroderma ankylosing spondylitis systemic lupus erythematosus |
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other conditions: |
sarcoidosis amyloidosis surgical trauma vagal stimulation, eg. carotid sinus massagecongenital complete heart block [proximal block; narrow QRS; usually asymptomatic] |
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drugs: |
digoxin [especially with ischaemic heart disease and hypokalaemia]beta-blockers quinidine tricyclics any other drug with cholinergic effects |
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