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HAEMATURIA |
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infections: |
cystitis or pyelonephritis Schistosoma haematobium yellow fever subacute bacterial endocarditis leptospirosis |
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renal disease: |
acute papillary necrosis tumours of kidneys, ureters, bladder or prostate renal tract stones renal trauma renal infarction renal vein thrombosis radiation glomerulonephritis [causing acute nephritic syndrome]hydronephrosis haemangioma / arteriovenous malformation polycystic kidneys |
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systemic disease: |
malignant hypertension blee ding diatheses |
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toxins/drugs: |
phenols cyclophosphamide sulphas NSAIDs |
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other: |
prolonged, severe exercise 'benign recurrent haematuria' [no cause found]factitious |
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other causes of red urine [without red blood cells on microscopy]: |
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haemoglobinuria (intravascular haemolysis, strenuous exercise)myoglobinuria (from rhabdomyolysis)acute intermittent porphyria (porphobilinogen) |
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ingested red pigments / drugs: |
phenolphthalein rifampicin beetroot red sweets phenindione senna derivatives |
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