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FITS (SEIZURES) |
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idiopathic epilepsy (commonest cause) |
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local causes: |
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focal intracranial lesions (± raised intracranial pressure): |
tumours cerebral abscess subdural haematoma angioma |
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inflammatory and demyelinating conditions: |
meningitis encephalopathies, eg. SSPE toxoplasmosis acute or subacute encephalitis neurosyphilis cerebral cysticercosis cerebral malaria multiple sclerosis |
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trauma: |
perinatal brain injury head injury |
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congenital abnormalities: |
various forms of cerebral palsy cerebral malformations |
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degenerations and inborn errors of metabolism: |
neuronal storage disorders diffuse sclerosis leucodystrophy (various) encephalopathies of infancy and childhood (including 'infantile spasms') |
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phakomatoses (neurocutaneous syndromes or ectodermal dysplasias): tuberous sclerosis neurofibromatosis von Hippel-Lindau syndrome |
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cerebral vascular disease: |
atheroma (causing thrombosis, embolism and haemorrhage) vasculitis, eg. systemic lupus eclampsia hypertensive encephalopathy polycythaemia intracranial aneurysms any other cause of cerebral ischaemia |
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other: |
Pick's disease and Alzheimer's disease subacute spongiform encephalopathy Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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generalised causes: |
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exogenous poisons / drugs: |
alcohol (and its withdrawal) insulin amphetamines imipramine and derivatives barbiturates (and withdrawal) antihistaminics intrathecal penicillin MAOI's pyridoxine analogues intrathecal contrast media |
cocaine strychnine lead chloroform ether camphor phosphorus insecticides lignocaine certain amino-acids |
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anoxia: |
asphyxia profound anaemia hypotension CO, CO 2, N2O, etc.any other cause of cerebral anoxia |
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metabolic: |
renal failure hepatic failure hypoglycaemia hyperkalaemia alkalosis |
porphyria pyridoxine (B6) deficiency hyperpyrexia (esp. in children 6 months to 6 years) hyponatraemia / water intoxication |
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endocrine: |
1° hypoparathyroidism pseudohypoparathyroidism hypoadrenalism |
pituitary disease thyroid disease |
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