DEMENTIA

degenerative:

senile

presenile (Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease)

Down's syndrome

Huntington's disease

multiple sclerosis

vascular:

multi-infarct dementia

systemic lupus erythematosus and other vasculitides

metabolic / endocrine:

hepatic or renal failure

Wilson's disease

prolonged hypoglycaemia (including insulinoma)

hypothyroidism

hypoadrenalism

hypo- or hyperparathyroidism

toxic:

chronic alcohol abuse

chronic drug abuse, eg. phenobarbitone

heavy metal poisoning

CO poisoning

bromism (bromides)

infections:

slow-virus infections, eg. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, nvCJD, SSPE

AIDS dementia

neurosyphilis

other / miscellaneous:

normal pressure hydrocephalus

prolonged hypoxia

nutritional deficiency, eg. nicotinic acid (pellagra), folate, B1, B12

paraneoplastic

IMPORTANT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES (especially in elderly):

hypothyroidism

depression

chronic subdural haematoma

hydrocephalus

parkinsonism

vitamin deficiencies (B1, B12)

drugs (sedatives / psychotropics)

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