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CRYOGLOBULINS [= IMMUNOGLOBULINS WHICH PRECIPITATE REVERSIBLY AT LOW TEMPERATURES] |
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monoclonal [= type 1]: |
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multiple myeloma [IgG, IgA; commonest cause]Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia [IgM]CLL and other lymphoproliferative disorders angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy idiopathic |
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mixed [type 2 = monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor + polyclonal IgG; type 3 = polyclonal IgM, IgG and C3]: |
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infections: |
viral: |
hepatitis B and C Ebstein-Barr virus cytomegalovirus |
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bacterial: |
subacute bacterial endocarditis leprosy post-streptococcal nephritis syphilis Lyme disease intestinal bypass |
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parasitic: |
schistosomiasis toxoplasmosis malaria kala-azar |
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autoimmune diseases: |
systemic lupus erythematosus rheumatoid arthritis polyarteritis nodosa Sjögren's syndrome scleroderma |
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lymphoproliferative disorders: |
macroglobulinaemia various lymphomas chronic lymphatic leukaemia angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy |
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renal disease: |
proliferative glomerulonephritis |
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liver disease: |
chronic hepatitis biliary cirrhosis Laennec's cirrhosis |
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other: |
familial mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia [type 2 cryoglobulins] |
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