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ALKALOSIS |
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metabolic alkalosis: |
ingestion of alkali [usually + renal disease]severe hypokalaemia, eg. in Conn's, Cushing's and Bartter's syndromesprolonged use of potent diuretics following hypercapnoeic alkalosis |
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loss of acid: |
severe vomiting, eg. pyloric stenosisgastric drainage |
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respiratory alkalosis: |
exercise / pregnancy hysterical over breathing over ventilation (during assisted ventilation)septicaemia |
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acute hypoxia: |
pneumonia pulmonary oedema pulmonary embolism pneumothorax asthma |
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chronic hypoxia: |
cyanotic heart disease lung fibrosis high altitude liver failure |
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respiratory centre stimulation: |
meningitis / encephalitis intracranial haemorrhage raised intracranial pressure from any other cause salicylate poisoning [+ metabolic acidosis]respiratory stimulants (doxapram, nikethamide) |
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