030501 - Experts Authenticate SARS Genetic Pattern
By PAUL RECER, AP Science Writer 
WASHINGTON - Two nearly identical sequences of the SARS (news - web sites) virus genetic structure have been reviewed and authenticated by experts.  The publication of the virus genome, which is being rushed into print by Science journal, should help researchers find drugs to treat the deadly respiratory illness and to develop a vaccine to prevent the infection. Science is one of the world's leading scientific journals. 
A team of Canadians first sequenced a strain of the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, using specimens taken from a patient in Toronto, journal officials said Thursday. 
Another form of the virus, called the Urbani strain, was sequenced shortly afterward by a U.S.-led team. The Urbani strain was earlier linked to a lung disease by Dutch researchers. 
The sequences were posted on the internet on April 15, but are only now being peer-reviewed, a scientific step that lends credence to the accuracy of the work. 
"Both research teams produced these genomic sequences quickly and efficiently, in a model of cooperation among various groups," said Don Kennedy, editor in chief of Science. "Because this information is crucial to the public health, Science is making it immediately available following an important and promptly conducted peer review." 
Experts said the authenticated gene sequences will enable researchers to more quickly develop diagnostic tests and vaccines to combat the rapidly spreading, highly contagious respiratory disease. 
More than 5,400 cases have been diagnosed worldwide, with at least 375 deaths. In the U.S., there are at least 53 probable cases, with more than 200 others considered suspicious, but not yet officially tested. There have been no reported SARS deaths in the United States. 
The gene sequencing confirms that SARS is a new variety of coronavirus. Other members of the coronavirus group cause respiratory disease in chickens and turkeys, a mild respiratory disease in humans, and a form of hepatitus in mice. The virus' name comes from its shape which resembles the corona of the sun. 
Researchers, however, said they found key differences in genetic sequences suggesting that SARS is a novel form of coronavirus and not a recent mutation of a known variety. 
Both of the sequencing studies have identified genetic pieces of the virus that may contain instructions for protein production, along with genes that enable the virus to infect cells and to reproduce, officials at Science said in a statement. 
"These findings set the stage for further investigation into the viral proteins' functions, possibly uncovering new targets for therapies or vaccines," the journal said in a Statement. 
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