Major Components of an Airplane:
- Aircraft device used or intended to be used for flight in the air. It
is supported by buoyancy of the structure or by the dynamic reaction of the
air against the surface
- Airplane is a heavier than air fixed wing aircraft that is driven by
an engine driven propeller or a gas turbine jet
- T-34 is a unpressurized low-winged monoplane with tricycle landing gear
that is steered by its rudder during taxiing
. It is a single engine
turbo prop with tandem cockpits.
Fuselage the basic structure of the airplane to which all the
other components are attached
- Truss consist of a metal or wooden frame over which a light skin is
stretched
- Full Monocoque extremely light and strong and consist of only a kin
shell which is highly stressed but almost impossible to repair if damaged
- Semi Monocoque has skin, transverse frame members, and stringers,
which all share in stress loads and will reduce damage if sustained. (T-34)
- Wing an airfoil attached to the fuselage and is designed to produce
lift and contains fuel cells, engine nacelles and landing gear.
- Ailerons control surfaces attached to the wing to control roll
- Flaps are high lift devices attached to the wing to increase lift at
low airspeeds. T-34 has a single mounted wing with slotted flaps
integrated into the trailing edge inboard of the ailerons
- Full Cantilever all bracing for the wings are internal
- Empennage the assembly of stabilizing and control surfaces on the tail
of the airplane
- Rudder the upright control surface attached to the vertical stabilizer
to control yaw
- Elevators the horizontal control surfaces attached the horizontal
stabilizer to control pitch
- Landing Gear taxis the plane and permits it to absorb the landing
shock
- Engines - provide the thrust necessary for powered flight. The T-34 is
powered by a PT6A-25 turboprop engine
Airplane Reference System:
- Consist of the 3 mutually perpendicular lines intersecting at a point
- Center of Gravity the point where the three lines intersect. It is
where all the weight is thought of being concentrated. This point moved
depending on the load of the plane
- Longitudinal Axis passes from the nose to the tail of the airplane and
cause roll or lateral control
- Lateral Axis passes from wingtip to wingtip and causes pitch or
longitude control
- Vertical Axis passes vertically through the center of gravity and
causes yaw or directional control
Dimensions:
- Wingspan the length of a wing measured from wingtip to wingtip. The
T-34 is 335"
- Chordline an infinitely long, straight line drawn through the leading
and trailing edge of an airfoil.
- Chord a measure of the width of the wing or other control surfaces
- Root Chord is the length of the wing chord at the centerline of the
plane
- Tip Chord is the chord measured at the wingtip
- Average Chord is the average of every chord from the wing root to the
wing tip
- Wing Area is the apparent surface area of a wing from wingtip to
wingtip
- Taper - the reduction in the chord of an airfoil from root to tip. The
wings of the T-34 are tapered to reduce weight, improved structural
stiffness, and reduce wingtip vortices
- Taper Ratio if the wing has straight leading and trailing edges, it is
the ration of the tip chord to the root cord
- Sweep Angle the angle between the line drawn 25% aft of the leading
edge and parallel to the lateral axis
- Aspect Ratio the ratio of the wingspan to the average chord. High
aspect ratio (35:1) is a glider while Low aspect ration (3:1) is a rocket
- Wing Load the ration of the airplanes weight to the surface area of
its wings. There is a reverse relationship between aspect ration and wing
loading. High aspect have low wing loading and low aspect have high wing
loading.
- Angle of Incidence the angle between the airplanes longitudinal axis
and the chordline of its wing
- Dihedral Angle the angle between the spanwise inclination of the wing
and the lateral axis
- Anhedral Angle is a negative dihedral angle on a plane. The T-34 has a
dihedral wings to improve lateral stability.