...down with leviticus...down with deuteronomy...
editorial room
The Ten Commandments.
I said TEN dammit!
Contents:
Introduction
The Ten Commandments
The Other Ten Commandments
The Other Other Ten Commandments
Better Commandments!
The One Commandment
Introduction
Suspended Judge Roy Moore - America's answer to "The Wiggles" when it comes to experts on constitutional law (and Biblical scholarship), and i mean no offense to The Wiggles - wanted a big heavy monument in Alabama's State Supreme Court. The monument in question? A Charlton-Heston-esque copy of the Ten Commandments. (The JREF Commentary of September 5th, beginning about halfway down the page, covers much of this, as does the 'articles' section of atheism.about.com.)
Roy basically brought up an ongoing debate about the relevance of the Ten Commandments to Western law, and the placement of these rules in schools, courtrooms, etc... etc...
The arguments against such placement?
In the U.S., it violates the American principle "seperation of church and state" - a phrase coined by Thomas Jefferson. Basically they're not supposed to use government resources to promote a religion (a rule that i beleive is a good idea in any country), and that's what Moore was doing. (Further information: Americans united for seperation of church and state, Seperation of Church and State Home Page, The Constitutional Principle: Seperation of Church and State - where one can also find arguments against theocracy in general, no matter which country you're in.)
The arguments in favour of placing the Ten Commandments on government-endorsed, public display?
They usually go along the lines of: "It's not religion; it's a moral code which everyone can agree with", or "which is the basis of the legal system", or "The U.S. is a 'Christian country'... just ignore the fact that the U.S. government is ostensibly secular, and not a 'theocracy' (see: Taliban...)".
I've seen similar arguments in favour of placing the Ten Commandments in public places in Australia, which is partly what makes me more frustrated than usual with American religious goings-on. Part of the problem is the general level of respect accorded to the Bible and the Ten Commandments. In a more educated world, i beleive that any claim along the lines of "The Ten Commandments represent a moral code which everyone can agree with" should be met by hearty laughter, or at least a raised eyebrow. My motivation in this opinionitive page is to portray the commandments given in the Holy Bible as the childish and downright dangerous laws that they are. Hopefully, it will be perfectly clear how much Australia in the year 2003 does NOT owe itself to these commandments. In fact, these silly rules violate many of our most cherished ideals.
First, i'll list the actual Ten Commandments, referred to as such in the Bible (They are actually the second set of rules given to Moses on Sinai in Biblical mythology). And then, the initial 'ten commandments', the ones which people like Roy Moore would be more familiar with. And we'll finish with a few other Biblical commandments, just to drive the point home. Try them on for size. I can almost guarantee you'll be disgusted at some point.
These are the Ten Commandments found in the Holy Bible, paraphrased a'la Hollywood. They may look a little bit unfamiliar, in which case i'd like to direct you to Exodus 34:28, which specifically refers to the following ten rules as the ten commandments.
Skeptic's Annotated Bible.
- I. Thou shalt worship no other God.
This is the first of the more familiar "traditional" commandments as well, and like most of those, is ridiculously unfair. And illegal in most Western countries; where one is allowed to worship a different God, even if you have a Jewish heritage. This commandment quite clearly speaks against the ideals of freedom of religion, freedom of thought, even freedom of association in one sense. It probably wouldn't worry most atheists, though - we generally don't worship any God...
- II. Thou shalt make thee no molten gods.
Exodus 34:17. I'm no Biblical scholar (though i often get the impression that i know more about what it says than many Christians), but i think this means we can't make statues of other Gods from a molten substance (So bronze figures of the Greek pantheon must be pretty evil). Once again, our modern legal systems generally do not respect this rule. It's an attack on ideals of freedom of artistic expression, freedom of religion (as usual), freedom of... people with furnaces... or something.
- III. Thou shalt eat unleavened bread for seven days.
It's for a ceremony - the "feast of unleavened bread". Feasts are all fine and dandy, but i would uphold anybody's right to not participate. This commandment does not.
- IV. Thou shalt sacrifice either a first-born lamb or a first-born ass, as well as all firstborn cattle, oxen and sheep.
I have a feeling that very few farmers would recommend this.
- V. Thou shalt rest on one in every seven days, and work the other six.
There are quite a few jobs where one does not work six days straight, and i'm sure quite a few unions who'd protest this vehemently. And there are people who work seven days a week, and no - i don't think these people are evil at all.
And then there's the Sabbath - the choice of which day you take off. I would be happy to work any day of the week, so long as it didn't conflict with my uni schedule, and i don't think there's anything wrong with that. Nothing special about Sundays (or Saturdays, for that matter - or Fridays) for me, and for many other people.
- VI. Thou shalt have various feasts.
Specifically "the feast of weeks", "the feast of the firstfruits of wheat harvest", and "the feast of ingathering at the year's end." See the Third Commandment.
- VII. Thou shalt appear before God three times a year if thou is male.
Not likely. Once again, impinging on religious freedom. I don't see any moral reason i should turn up in a church three times a year. And what's this stuff about only men having to do it?
- VIII. Thou shalt not include bread with a sacrifice, and if it's Passover, make sure you eat all your sacrifice before morning.
I doubt i'm in any danger of breaking this one, but once again: a silly rule with little value and a lot of unnessecary (and, i beleive, ethically flawed) restriction.
- IX. Thou shalt bring your first crops into the house of thy Lord.
Is this a tithe? Ooh. I'm for taxes - but i'm also for secular government. So, no, no goodies for the church from me.
- X. Thou shalt not boil a kid in mother's milk.
An important and nessecary commandment to curb the wave of insidious goat-boilings. Oh ok. Yes, i'm against unnessecarily cruel methods of cooking ones goats. Either kill the goat cleanly before making your milky goat soup, or become a vegetarian.
I was going to say that i didn't think we could salvage any of that drivel, but i can't really support the boiling of live goats. So i guess that makes 0.5 out of 10 Commandments salvageable.
COMMANDMENT SCORE: 0.5/10
The "Other" Ten Commandments
So those where the actual ten commandments. Let's move on to the earlier chapters in Exodus, where we find the the commandments most people in "Christian countries" (and i use the term loosely) will be familiar with.
- I. Thou shalt have no other Gods before me.
So 'Jehovah' is the king of the gods. This speaks against the ideal of religious liberty, and against our right to choose who or what to follow.
- II(a) Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
Artists, take heed. Thankfully, no civilisation i know of has ever truly endorsed this lunatic commandment. Of course, we probably wouldn't ever have heard of the ones who did...
- II(b) Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them.
No worshipping images. Like the first, a ridiculous restriction on religious freedom. There are plenty of decent people who break this in it's most narrow plausible interpretation; anyone with a crucifix, for starters. And there are plenty of decent people who break it in it's most restrictive interpretation - anyone with a picture on their wall. Neither interpretation carries any measure of sense or decency.
- III. Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
Oh grow up, God. Yes, nobody likes to be insulted, but most of us are mature enough to be able to deal with it. In any case, most cursing isn't directed at You in the first place. Thankfully, the Bible shows a rare measure of common sense; the rest of this commandment reads: "... for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain." So all you get is blame. Still, it's a restriction on free speech, and i don't think i would condone such a law, personally.
- IV. Thou shalt remember the Sabbath day, keep it holy, and not do any work for that day.
*Ahem*, is that Saturday, Lord? Or Sunday, as the Christians tell me? Or Friday, as the Muslims tell me? I beleive i breifly covered the ethical aspects of this in the discussion of the Ten Commandments, above - where it's number 5.
- V. Honour thy father and thy mother.
Sounds good on paper, but just think about it a little more deeply. Should we honour our fathers and mothers without question, or should we perhaps be making an exception for domestic abusers of various stripes? What should those kids who've been raped by family members do? And what if you were Uday Hussein? I'm sorry, but i'm going to have to go with the Bikini Kill response on this commandment: Suck my left one.
In general, yes, i agree. But what about self-defense, or defense of another? I would have tacked that on to the end. I'm going to give it 0.75 points.
- VII. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Or have sex with an unmarried virgin girl - as that brings down the price. Oh, i'm sorry, did you think "adultery" meant the same thing in Australia, 2003 CE as it did in the Middle East a couple of thousand years ago? How odd.
But taking this commandment at face value, as most modern readers seem to do, it still doesn't strike me as a particularly important, or righteous, one. Yes, i'm generally against adultery - it's cruel to the partner being cheated on. But i can't support making it illegal - such legislation would need to be very complex to avoid abuse (eg// by seperated but not divorced partners) and to avoid discrimination by marriage certificate. And besides all that, regulating sexual activity to this extent smacks of deep, deep wrongness (If you want a less vague argument, try: "it limits a persons freedom to safe, mutually consensual sex; a limit nobody should have the right to impose.") I'm gonna have to toss this one out with the others.
- VIII. Thou shalt not steal.
Okay, i can generally agree with this one. And, unlike most of the Bible, it's actually legal and relevant in Australia, 2003 CE. I'll give it a point. So that's 1.75 points out of 8 so far.
- IX. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neigbour.
2.75 points out of 9. Yes, we have libel and slander laws. Yes, they're probably a good thing in principle.
- X. Thou shalt not covet any thing that is thy neighbour's.
By the way, "wife" is listed as an item of property in this part of the Bible (as usual); but we'll move along anyway. No, i do not think it is wrong to desire something. Yes, "covet" means "desire illicitly", but quite frankly, i can't see where the "illicit" comes into it. Desire is fine on it's own, it hurts nobody. No points for you, Mr 10th Commandment.
So we've got a couple of decent rules in this lot - no killing, stealing, or falsely accusing - and of course these are hardly unique to the Bible. But the overwhelming majority are the silly, petty, poorly thought-out tripe we tossed out with the second set of commandments, the actual "ten commandments", listed above. A poor effort.
COMMANDMENT SCORE: 2.75/10
The Other Other Ten Commandments
And here i'll list some of the Bible's other Godly commandments. And before you say "Oh, those rules were just for the Isrealites" - Please, please, think about that for half a second longer. Firstly, they are rules spoken by the Biblical God (if you beleive that) and endorsed by the Bible - making them relevant in any discussion of the irrelevance and immorality of the Holy Bible. Secondly, what difference does it make who these rules were for? One of our other modern ideals is that race should not affect the dignity and respect we accord somebody (an ideal rejected by the Bible, of course). Thirdly, as religious scholars often seem to just "pick and choose" which rules "applied only to the Isrealites" and which rules apply to everyone, and since the text itself doesn't make it very clear, it doesn't really seem to mean much that some folks claim these rules only applied to the Isrealites.
I will not comment on all of these; most tend to comment on themselves. We'll start with Exodus - continuing on directly from the commandments listed above, which many people think of as "the ten commandments". I have continued the numbering system, just to emphasise that these rules hold the same status, and continue on directly, from the rules known as "the ten commandments". I especially like the Thirteenth Commandment.
- XI. Thou shalt not make Gods of silver or gold.
- XII. Thou shalt hold animal sacrifices on an altar for me, but thou shalt not make this altar out of hewn stone, or with steps.
- XIII. Thou shalt set Hebrew slaves (along with their wives) free if they have given six years of service. If the wife has children, thou shalt keep the wife and children, but turn the slave himself out after six years. If he refuses to go, cut a hole in his ear and he shall serve you forever.
I bet they leave that one out in Sunday Schools... I'm sorry, it just babbles on like this for a while. We'll skip ahead and pick out some more choice commandments. Needless to say (i hope), these would all rate a great big ZERO on my COMMANDMENT SCORE.
- If thou is male, thou shalt marry all the virgins who thou has sex with, and if thou can't, then thou must pay money equal to the value of a virgin female to the girl's father.
Women, as usual, are accorded very little respect in the Bible, and thus are simply posessions here.
Can anyone say "direct, unambiguous contradiction"? Can anyone say "religious persecution"? Can anyone say "My oh my, this God fellow is an evil bastard"? It's quite a mouthful.
Now, chapter 23 - up to verse 12, at least - of Exodus is actually fairly decent as far as Biblical chapters go. Hardly enough in proportion to the worthless stuff to warrant regarding it as a decent book in general, though. I'll move on, to some other assorted idiocies.
- Thou shalt not have homosexual sex.
I wish i could say this rule is stupid enough to bring itself down, but the sad thing is, plenty of people actually agree with it. So i'll just sigh, and direct them here: a commentary on this site,
Maybe in a few decades they'll have grown up, and joined the rest of us in the magical land of sanity.
- Thou shalt not associate with menstruating women.
- Thou shalt kill any betrothed virgin who is raped in the city and does not call out for help.
- Thou shalt marry thy rapist if thou is unbetrothed.
I think that's enough for now. All this Biblical stupidity is making me feel queasy.
Hopefully my point is made: the Bible - and the Ten Commandments - is not a good moral guide. It is not a reflection of our laws. It is not a reflection of our values. It is an outdated, patriarchal, morally repugnant collection of mostly worthless rules. These rules should never make their way into a classroom, or a court of law - except, perhaps, as a target of critical, skeptical analysis and outright ridicule.
Here are principles NOT embraced by the Ten Commandments listed by Roy Moore. Let's start with some choice examples gleaned from the philosophy of the U.S. Constitution.
- Thou shalt not rule without citizenship in ones nation and the support of fellow inhabitants of that nation.
- Thou shalt respect certain basic rights and laws in all places, not just ones home state.
- Thou shalt never demand a religious test as a requirement for entering into government work.
And moving on to the Constitutional Amendments known as the Bill Of Rights, 2.
- Thou shalt not legislate to promote religion
- Thou shalt not abridge freedom of speech or of the press
- Thou shalt not outlaw peaceful protest and assembly
- Thou shalt have a police/military, as it is considered nessecary for a free state
- Thou shalt not commit any searches, seizures, or punishments of an individual without a very good reason, (and "a very good reason" requires the input of a decent jury in the case of punishments)
- Thou shalt have the right to a fair public trial when accused of a crime, with access to all relevant information
And amendments not found in the Bill of Rights:
- Thou shalt not enslave others, and involuntary servitude shall only be acceptable as a punishment following a fair trial
- Thou shalt have the right to vote on ones government, regardless of race or gender
And the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights:
- Thou shalt have these rights regardless of race, gender, nationality, language, social status, or property.
- Thou shalt have a right to ones life, freedom, and 'security of person'.
- Thou shalt have an effective system to preserve these rights.
- Thou shalt have the right to marry and have a family, and such acts may only be mutually consentual.
- Thou shalt not arbitrarily deprive a person of their property.
- Thou shalt have freedom of thought and conscience, and the right to a religion or no religion, and the right to change ones religion.
- Thou shalt make efforts to provide a social security to all members of a society.
- Thou shalt not unreasonably limit an employees leisure time.
- Thou shalt allow everyone to enjoy the benefits of artistic, cultural or scientific endeavours.
- Thou shalt allow everyone the right to an at least elementary education.
I could make arguments to slightly modify some of these more noble 'commandments' (for example, i would want education to be accurate - not just "there"), and i would add one or two (like: no killing, unless it's absolutely nessecary for self-defense or defense of another), but that's way ahead of the Bible right there. Let's ditch that stupid book and move on.
The One Commandment
One last thing. I do beleive there is a single commandment which we can use to derive a lot of good things and avoid a lot of bad things, one which recognises freedom, and the superficially paradoxical need to limit freedom to protect the freedom of others. This'll look very familiar to Wiccans.
- I. If it harms nobody, do as you will.
And seeya later.
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