The first series of Star Trek was dead in it's producer's eyes, but the multitude of fans of this ebullient and optimistic saga said differently. In many places they sustained the spirit of Star Trek and published their own new Star Trek adventures in fanzines. Finally, in 1976, a book of short stories from this alternate Star Trek universe hit the commercial publishing world. 'Star Trek: the New Voyages', edited by Sondra Marshak and Myrna Culbreath, was published by Bantam Books in March 1976 and went through a healthy five printings within a year of its first appearance!
For the editors, as for many others, Star Trek had become a cycle of heroic tales comparable to that of King Arthur and the Grail Quest. It was a legend that lived in the minds of Star Trek devotees. One that promised a glorious return in the future, like that predicted for the legendary 'Rex quondam Rexque futurus' (Malory, Book XXI, chap. 7) from his sanctuary on the Isle of Avalon. Unlike Arthur and Camelot, Star Trek and the spirit of Star Trek have returned in a number of continuations that enthrall both the continuing Star Trek fans and the new followers of the phenomenon.
Nostalgia for a past golden age sustains interest in the Arthurian cycle, but a faith in the future and an optimism over the things that the future will bring inspire the fans of Star Trek. This positive spirit imbues the introduction to 'The New Voyages'. For Marshak and Culbreath the heroes of Star Trek go beyond the stereotypical courageous knights and beautiful, yet innocent, maidens of the Arthurian convention. They are real people with real problems and authentic emotions who are able to co-operate as a group and to collectively 'prevail' against the unknown challenges and dangers they encounter in the vastness of space. The journeys they undertake to distant stars, and their planets are part of a glorious quest that surpasses the traditional quests of Camelot and The Man of La Mancha. These journeys do not seek to attain a goal that is finally seen as a dream that will be forever beyond our grasp. Instead Star Trek is a new dimension of quest: a 'possible dream - to reach for the reachable stars'. A dream that could 'be our new Camelot, even more shining'.
This story originally appeared in 1957. However I read it in a collection of Pohl's short stories with the title 'Survival Kit' that was published in the UK by Garland Publishing of Frogmore in 1979.
Frederik Pohl's eminence in the world of sci-fi over many years is unquestioned. He also played an important role as a facilitator in the revival of the world of Star Trek after the demise of the first series. He encouraged and assisted Sondra Marshak and Myrna Culbreath in their project to publish the book of tales (Star Trek: the new voyages) that expressed faith in the new Camelot of Star Trek.
Although there is no Camelot in Pohl's short story, it is nonetheless a quest that has certain features that can be related to themes in the Arthurian cycle. It takes place in a wasteland; an America depopulated by a nuclear war. Arthur himself can be likened to a maimed king as he is a human brain kept alive in a prosthetic tank (called a pross in the story). The quest engaged in by Arthur and his two able-bodied knights (Sam Dunlap and Vern Engdahl) is to procure control of an ocean liner for Arthur. The attainment of the quest sees the wiring of Arthur into the control centre of an ocean liner (The Queen Elizabeth) which sets out from New York on a cruise with the heroes and the damsel they have rescued from 'an evil knight' and his underlings. The damsel in distress is Lieutenant Amy Bankhead. She has become the focus of the lecherous attentions of the 'evil knight', an anonymous Major who runs the'Temporary Military Government' of New York. A man who has developed a taste for serial matrimony, marrying about once a month until he has a total of 109 wives and desires Amy Bankhead to become number 110. As Amy and Sam Dunlap have fallen love her rescue becomes an imperative: luckily one that can be incorporated into the main quest of procuring an ocean liner for Arthur. In a flurry of action the Queen Elizabeth is prepared for sailing under the pretext that it is to be a present to the Major - his ocean going yacht. Arthur is rescued from his enslavement by Sam Dunlap: controlling the generating station that supplies the eletricity for New York, . As he flees with Arthur in a motor launch, Sam Dunlap wins a 'joust', fought with boat hooks, against a pursuing motor launch. Once aboard the Queen Elizabeth, Arthur is wired into his control centre and the liner sails from New York. Arthur's control of the liner allows him to protect his three friends and to reduce the Major and his minions to a state where they willingly agree to form the crew of the liner. The story ends with Arthur, making use of the privilege allowed captains of ocean liners, marrying Amy Bankhead to Sam Dunlap.
In her afterword to Fred Saberhagen's novel Berserker Man (Copyright © 1979 by Fred Saberhagen), Sandra Meisel explored the influences behind the sequence of Berserker novels. She listed a complex of influences and borrowings.
Sandra Meisel found connections between the novels, mediaeval religious myth and the Grail legend. In Berserker Man the hero, Michel Geulincx, embodied characteristics of both Saint Michael the Archangel and Sir Galahad. He could be compared St. Michael, the warrior angel who championed mankind against the wiles and malevolence of devil, as Michel Geulincx fights for humanity against the malevolence of the Berserkers: intelligent machines whose aim was to exterminate all the organic life in the Galaxy. That his weapon was named Lancelot showed clearly the influence of the Arthurian literature and the nature of the adventure made Michel Geurlincx a hero like Galahad in the quest of the Holy Grail: -
Copyright © 1979 by Sandra Meisel.
"Faerie references and the weapon named Lancelot also link Michel to Sir Galahad, the youngest, purest, and strongest of King Arthur's knights. Sir Galahad was Sir Lancelot's bastard son by a lady named Elaine whom he mistook for Queen Guinevere under the influence of magic. Michel's biofather Frank behaves like Sir Lancelot and his two mothers Elly and Carmen resemble each other. Both these long-awaited heroes rise above their tainted origins to reach a supernatural goal others seek in vain. When Michel joins the chosen band within the Taj as the last link in the chain of evolutionary salvation, he is simultaneously Sir Galahad taking his place in the Seige Perilous and entering the castle of the Holy Grail. Images of autumn leaves and molted snakeskin at the novel's close signal mystical death and rebirth, the theme of the Grail legends. An earlier stage of existence has passsed away, both for Michel and for the galaxy. New growth beyond imagining lies ahead.
"The wonder-war is ended, the cosmic game played out, and Life reigns as victor ever more."
Using Sandra Meisel's afterword as a springboard it is possible to find several parallels, at different levels, between Fred Saberhagen's 'Berserker Man' and Arthurian myth.
Now, let's expand on this connection between Galahad and Michel. Galahad was the son of Lancelot and Fair Elaine, daughter of King Pelles of Corbenic. Now Lancelot was the strongest knight of Arthur's court, just as Frank Marcus was the best fighter against the Berserkers. Between Michel's mother and fair Elaine the link is more speculative. There was no suggestion that she, like Fair Elaine, was of noble descent. Though, as her name is Ellison 'Elly' Temesvar it is tempting to see a likeness.
Lancelot had come to the city of King Pelles (Corbenic or Corbin) where he had released a maiden from a scalding bath and then killed a dragon dwelling in a tomb. He then met the monarch, King Pelles, who knew of a prediction that Lancelot and his daughter Fair Elaine would have a child, Galahad, who would achieve the Holy Grail. Pelles then plotted to bring this birth about. He and a sorceress, Brisen, succeeded in tricking Lancelot into believing that Queen Guinevere was awaiting him at a nearby castle. At the castle Lancelot was taken to a darkened room where Fair Elaine was in bed awaiting him. That night Galahad was conceived.
There are special circumstances surrounding the conception of Michel Geulincx that parallel this encounter between Fair Elaine and Lancelot. Michel's conception occured while a scout ship containing Elly Temesvar and Frank Marcus was fleeing an attack by a Berserker spaceship. They took refuge in a hollow tube of plasma that was projecting from the surface of a star: a place where the Berserker ship was unable to detect and attack them. They found that the open end of the tube terminated in a nebula with anomalous properties and, as there was no alternative, flew towards this nebula. Frank Marcus then suggested that, before they reach the nebula, there is time for them to make love (it seems that she they had a shipboard relationship). After this they returned their spaceship to battle readiness before it reached the end of the protecting plasma tube. Here the Berserker ship awaited ready to renew it's attack, but Frank Marcus threw the spaceship into the nebula. This nebula, though neither Frank or Elly knew this, was a part of the surface of an object that existed in the galactic core: an object that humans called the 'Taj' (short for Taj Mahal).
The 'Taj' had some resemblances to Corbenic, for it saw the starting of the hero's life and, was later the place where the achieved his quest. As the mating of Fair Elaine and Lancelot had been contrived by magic to produce a knight who surpassed all others, so the failure of Elly Temesvar's contraception was contrived to allow the birth of Michel Geulincx. The agents in this 'magical' interference were the 'Taj' and the Berserkers. The latter had penetrated the 'Taj' well before it had been discovered by humans and were attempting to unravel its secret. The prime mover in the conception was the 'Taj'. The intention being that the child would become a part of the 'Taj' when mature.
In Michel Geurlincx's origin there seem to be two things that are the equivalent of the magic in Galahad's conception. First, Elly Temesvar's contraception fails . Then the Berserkers interfered to genetically change Michel and to later modify his foetal development, as they intended that he will later become the tool that would unravel of the mysteries of the 'Taj' for them.
Sandra Meisel did not consider the common features of the childhood upbring of the two heroes. Both were separated from their parents. Elly Temesvar gave her unborn foetus to an adoption agency on the planet of 'Alpine', and neither she nor Frank Marcus played any part in his upbringing. While Galahad spent his childhood in a convent of nuns. Though Michel Geurlincx's childhood was not spent in a religious institution, his foster parents lived on a planet, 'Alpine', where a low technology culture dominated and the main economic activity was the production of wood carvings and furniture. Both heroes might be said to have spent their childhoods in sequestered peaceful environments that were separate from the mainstream life of their respective societies. For Galahad this mainstream was the world of chivalry. While for Michel Geurlincx it was life in an interstellar confederation of planets settled by Earth people. A confederation that was fighting a perilous war for survival against the ever-present threat of the Berserkers.
In spite of his upbringing in a religious house, Galahad had been trained as a knight and was skilled in fighting when he was knighted at King Arthur's court. Unlike him, Michel Geurlincx had never been trained in the skills required in the war against the Berserkers: the ability to use his mind to directly control a spaceship and it's weapons. Although he did have an inherent, but undeveloped ability to do this. This lack of training makes him seem like another Grail hero, Perceval, who came to Arthur's court very little knowledge of the world of chivalry, but with fighting skills that clearly marked him out as a potential hero.
Perceval had been raised by his mother on a remote estate, in complete ignorance of the knightly world (Perceval by Chrétien de Troyes) and, though skilled as a hunter with a spear, knew nothing of fighting like a knight or of chivalry. He was so naive that he could neither recognise knight or king. In Malory's account, when Perceval had been knighted by King Arthur,there was general agreement that it would be long before developed knightly skills. Like Peceval, Michel Geurlincx had to develop his skills over a period of years.
When Michel and Galahad the mainstream of their societies at different they were recognised as exceptional beings and were treated as such. Galahad had been knighted by his father, Sir Lancelot, and was later brought to the Round Table accompanied by portentous signs. Then he sat in the 'Seige Perilous' without suffering death or injury. Afterwards he was accorded the honour of being allowed to sleep in King Arthur's bed (Malory).
Michel Geurlincx did not make same miraculous entrance as Galahad. His inherent abilities were recognised by screening, then he was brought to the solar system from his home planet. These abilities made him a potential user of a new weapons system (Lancelot) theat had been developed for use in the space war with the Berserkers. The qualities Michel possessed were; exceptional mental stability, an ability to intuitively use technology and an all round high intelligence. Although his abilities were needed in a totally un-spritual fight for species survival, the novel does suggest that his abilities were also those that were those needed by the leader of a religious cult.
Not only was Michel Geurlincx a potential spiritual leader, but he was promoted as such by the Berserkers. They told their covert supporters among humans that Michel was the saviour whom the world has been awaiting. Their ultimate objective was to use Michel's abilities to unravel the mysteries of the 'Taj'. In the end Michel does come to know the secret at the centre of the 'Taj'. An achievement that also involved him completely transcending his human nature and joining a group of beings who have also transcended their physical natures. By doing this he joined an equivalent of the Arthur's Round Table: a group that will mould the future evolution of their galaxy.
As Michel discovered the secret of the 'Taj', so Galahad discovered the true nature of the Holy Grail. As the Grail's nature was something that could not be known by the living, Galahad's realisation of the true mystery of the Grail came at the moment of his death. Then Galahad's soul was drawn up into heaven: a transformation that can be compared to that of Michel. Yet there is no suggestion that Galahad took any further part in the diection of the affairs of the material universe, as Saberhagen suggests that Michel Geurlincx will. In fact his attainment of the Holy Grail and death are harbingers of the decay of the Round Table Fellowship, the death of Arthur and the withdrawal of those who have survived the catastrophic end of their society into religious seclusion.
The notion Michel was the saviour that the world both needed and had eagerly awaited introduces another twist in Saberhagen's storyline. For Michel's biological mother, Elly Temesvar, had retired to a religious institution, 'The Temple of the Final Saviour' to seek spiritual peace. The Berserkers, following their plan of using Michel to assist them to destroy all life in the Galaxy, promoted Michel as the coming saviour among those humans attracted to the mystical goal of freedom from the troubles and transience of biological life and that a future saviour would lead them to this desired state. Certainly a deacon of 'The Temple of the Final Saviour' (Deacon Mabuchi) believed the Berserkers and helped them to kidnap Michel's biological mother. Although the Berserkers hope was that she would persuade Michel to become their ally, this stratagem failed.
Though he did not become a saviour of mankind in the sense that it is usually understood, Michel's ultimate fate was to enter a state that both was beyond living, as seen in his fellow humans, and unliving artificial intelligence, as seen in the Berserkers. In this state he completed a 'company of beings' who would 'help lift the universe through its next purposive step'. Michel's transformation to a state beyond the purely physical resembles the taking up of Galahad's soul to heaven by angels. The raising of Galahad's soul to heaven was accompanied by the taking up of the Holy Grail into heaven and the removal of its influence from the world. Unlike the Holy Grail, the 'Taj' did remain connected to the physical universe at the end of Michel Geurlincx's quest and will continue to influence it.
At the start of their quests, both heroes acquired weapons that were dangerous to other users. Michel's weapon caused human users to go insane and the stopped dead the electronic brains of any Berserker machines that attempted to use it. For Galahad, the sword he succeeded in pulling from a stone would later give a severe wound to any knight who had tried to draw it from its sheath of rock but failed. The shield, that of Joseph of Aramathea, he acquired later had a similar effect. When an unworthy knight used the shield he would have an adventure that left him either dead or seriously wounded. Later, on the Ship of Solomon, Galahad took another weapon that is dangerous for lesser knights to handle. This was the Sword of David. A sword could only be worn by the worthiest knight, and had betrayed the man who praised it most (Nacien) by breaking when he needed it to fight a giant. One aspect of Michel's weapon (named Lancelot) has no parallel in the story of Galahad. This was that his father Frank could use it, albeit in a very clumsy and ineffectual way. In contrast, in the Grail quest Lancelot was unable to draw the sword meant for Galahad's use from the floating stone that had carried it to Camelot.
That Michel Geulincx's multi-functional weapons system was called Lancelot gives us another connection with the Arthurian world. Though it can only be tenuously related to the technology of that era. In a sense it was a suit of armour that provided a life support system, a means of propulsion and weaponry. When Michel first donnned it, Lancelot had the appearance of gauzy veils surrounding him. As his skills at using it developed, Lancelot moulded itself closely to his body, rather like a suit of armour.
The adventures of Galahad and Michel Geurlincx bear little resemblance to each other. Galahad pursued the quest for the Holy Grail through his whole career as a knight, while Michel Geurlincx's adventures were more varied. Unlike Galahad, he was not the masterful hero who could deal with every adversity that he met.
At the start of his adventures Michel was captured by the Berserkers, who planned to use him for their own purposes. He only escaped because the Berserker ship that carried him was attacked and disabled by an Earth spaceship. His escape also involved him freeing his biological mother.
Free from captivity Michel decided to return to his home planet, Alpine, to see his adoptive father (Sixtus Geulincx) and enjoy the simple pleasures of homelife. In his journey, that took several years, he became more skilled at exploiting the powers of Lancelot, as well as maturing physically. He found that Alpine had been destroyed by Berserkers, who had left machines that had been programmed to deal with his expected return. One machine told that his father had been taken from Alpine before it's destruction and was safe with the Berserker 'Directors' near the core of the galaxy. After he had destoyed all the Berserker machines in the Alpine system, Michel continued his search for his adoptive Sixtus Geulincx.
He then decided that the most likely place that the Berserkers would have taken Sixtus was the 'Taj' and perceived that all the currents of force in the galaxy led there. In the 'Taj' that Michel learnt that Sixtus Geulincx, with the Alpine goodlife (Berserker sympathisers) had been 'saved from life,. Of Sixtus Geurlincx, he was told: 'The need for his service was at an end. The death he wanted was his reward.'
As the Grail Quest had been followed by all the knights of the Round Table, so the 'Taj' is a magnet that attracts all the main participants in Saberhagen's novel; the military forces of the Earth including Michel's biological father (Frank Marcus), the Berserkers and Michel Geulincx.
The Berserkers have already penetrated the 'Taj' and were seeking to discover the nature of its centre. They saw the'Taj' as something to be destroyed, if living, or as something to be used in the destruction of all life in the Galaxy, if not living. They had planned to use the unique capabilities of Michel Geulincx to help them discover the secret of the 'Taj'. The Earth force, was under the command of Tupelov, the Secretary of Defense for the Earth. He believed that Michel Geulincx will come to the 'Taj', either of his own free will or as a prisoner of the Berserkers. Finally, there is Michel Geulincx who had come to the 'Taj' in his search for his adoptive father.
As for the 'Taj', it had been named after the Taj Mahal because people perceived it as being 'something large and grand with an aura of mystery about it.' It existed in the core of the Galaxy: a chaotic region of stars and dust clouds. It's surface gave the appearance of being a gigantic geodesic dome that is bigger than a star. Inside the 'Taj' the laws of the outside physical universe did not apply and it seemed to be at once a place of chaos and order. When Michel Geulincx approaches the 'Taj' he perceived it both as the centre of a 'wrongness' that pervaded all the galactic core and as the place where the physical laws that govern the remainder of the galaxy have their origins. That the 'Taj' was like Corbenic in the Grail quest has already been mentioned, but it had another, Round Table-like, aspect that made it like Arthur's court at Camelot.
When Michel Geulincx entered the Taj he encountered a battle between the forces of the Earth and the Berserkers with their human supporters (the 'goodlife') under the command of a Berserker 'Director'. Michel entered this battle on the side of Earth forces and defeated the Berserkers, but not before the 'Director' has captured his biological mother (Elly Temesvar) and used her to draw him to the centre of the 'Taj'. In one sense this was a race between Michel and the Director to reach the centre of the 'Taj' and to learn its secrets. In another it was one more attempt by the Berserkers to use Michel's uniqueness to obtain this knowledge for Berserker use.
Michel and the 'Director' traversed the interlacing grey bands that filled the interior of the 'Taj', passing the skeletons of organic beings and the casings of machines that had earlier failed to reach the centre of the 'Taj'. From this centre 'chaos howled....like a wind' at Michel and made his advance difficult, but he continued to pursue the 'Director'. They reached a desolate grey plain from which a spiral wound up to a tower. This was the centre of the 'Taj', and Michel now recognised that 'the Taj was at the centre of the galaxy, and at the center of the Taj.....the entire galaxy was located.' On the plain the Director's brain ceased to function and it became one more of the failed machines that littered the approaches to the centre of the 'Taj'. After he has released his mother from the 'Director's interior and returned her to the space ship commanded by Tupelov, Michel advanced to the centre of the 'Taj'. His journey through the 'Taj' had completely transformed Michel, so that he can no longer recognised as a human being, just as Galahad had become a spiritual knight as he followed the Grail quest.
Michel now perceived the centre of the 'Taj' as a paradox. It was 'so small that he 'might have held it in his two human hands', yet was also 'a room spacious enough to make a place for a great company to gather' and 'dwarfed all the rest of the galaxy outside.' So the 'Taj' is both like the Holy Grail, that can be easily held in the hands, yet is something more. Michel was deafened and blinded by the centre of the 'Taj', but also perceived a 'great inner calm' was a part of it. Examining this inner calm, Michel saw that in 'every galaxy in the universe' was a similar yet unique 'Taj' that flowed with 'subtly different physical laws.' He also perceived that, though the 'Taj' was not alive, it carried 'in its heart the seeds and secrets of all created life.'
The wrongness of the 'Taj' that he had perceived earlier, Michel now found was due to an incompleteness. It is here that the metaphor that the 'Taj' was a Holy Grail becomes mixed up with characteristics of King Arthur's Round Table.
Michel now saw, through an open door, the chamber at the centre of the 'Taj. He now knew that the 'Taj' in each galaxy gathered a being from each of the worlds that existed within that galaxy. These were brought singly to the 'Taj' to become links in a chain that would assist the next evolutionary step of the universe. Michel felt himself called to fill the final vacant seat at the table around which the 'shining company' of all the species from this galaxy sit as 'beings who were perfectly free, and whose bonds could never now be broken'. He claimed his place.
There it is! It is possible to find several parallels, at different levels, between Fred Saberhagen's 'Berserker Man' and Arthurian myth by using Sandra Meisel's afterword to the novel as a starting point. There are parallels in the parentage, conception and upbringings of the Grail hero Galahad and Saberhagen's hero Michel Gerlincx. Both bear weapons that are uniquely their own and are harmful to others who attempt to use them. Their quests involve them rising above the material sphere of living organic beings. Saberhagen has this spiritual and psychic elevation occuring in a way that combines qualities of both the Holy Grail and the Round Table. Also, Michel Geulincx has some qualities that suggest a likeness to the naive hero, Perceval. A lesser known hero who attained the Grail in some Arthurian romances that do not feature Galahad.
First is Merlin in a comic book series, 'Camelot 3000' by Mike W. Barr and Brian Bolland. In this Merlin is portrayed as a typical, white-haired and bearded elderly wizard clad in a long gown and an elongated cowl-like hat. He has the familiar skills of being able to teleport, to change shape, of himself and others, and to blast with a gesture.
The series was directly inspired by Malory's Morte d'Arthur and was published by DC Comics in twelve issues between December 1982 and April 1985. It was also issued in the graphic novel format. In the series an overpopulated future Earth is being invaded by aliens, from the tenth planet of the solar system, that are controlled by Morgan leFay. Arthur is resurrected and then releases Merlin from beneath Stonehenge, where he had been imprisoned by Nyneve. Merlin restores the Arthurian memories and personas of six reincarnated Round Table knights, and of Guinevere, so they may assist Arthur in his struggle.
In the middle of the story Morgan leFay succeeds in destroying Merlin's psychic defences and re-introduces him to Nyneve, who again ensnares his heart. Both are then transported to the aliens home planet by Morgan leFay, where they are kept in a cataleptic state.
In the storming of Morgan leFay's castle on the aliens home planet, by Arthur's force, Merlin is released from his entranced state by the power of the Holy Grail. He is now free of his infatuation with Nyneve and magically transforms her shining sun-like face into a hideous wide-mouthed and eyeless mask with a long sinous tongue. The tounge wraps itself around Nyneve's neck and strangles her. His powers depleted, Merlin is neither able to finally defeat Morgan leFay nor alien forces she controls. However he has strength to teleport away to the Earth all those who remained alive after the battle in Morgan leFay's castle. Apart, that is, from Arthur, who stays to accomplish the final defeat of Morgan leFay. At the finish Merlin departs 'plan and to ponder�until the next cycle begins.'
Merlin has been seen as the inspiration behind some other modern science fiction characters. Three are cited in 'MERLIN THROUGH THE AGES: A Chronological Anthology and Source Book' edited, translated and compiled by R. J. Stewart and John Matthews.
The preface tells us that Merlin's traits can discerned in both Obi Wan Kenobi of Star Wars and in Dr Who; hero of the long-running BBC television series. In the latter, a fairly direct connection was made between 'The Doctor' and Merlin in a late episode from 1991; 'Battlefield' by Marc Platt. The editors feel that the characters of these modern manifestations closely resemble that of the Merlin of the Arthurian cycle: -
"He is still, to this day, a wise and generally beneficient being whose actions and purpose, while seldom wholly revealed, suggest an ongoing influence in the affairs of the human race."
P. 9.
The forward of 'MERLIN THROUGH THE AGES', by David Spengler, proposes that Yoda of Star Wars is another science fiction character who resembles Merlin. Both are imbued with the life-force of the universe and energy gives them power and guides their actions.
"Yoda represents an adept whose power comes through integration and attainment rather than through domination. In this, he resonates with the earlier images of the Merlin who is a servant of the and at one with the forces of nature. If Merlin's beginnings lie with some legendary nature demigod, then, perhaps, as the circle closes back upon itself, that is where the future of Merlin - and of the image of the magician - lies as well: the adept who is at one with the world and whose power comes from that oneness. This is Merlin as Jedi Master: Merlin Yoda, one with the Force."
P. 12.
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