Universidad Yacambú
Licenciatura en Información y Documentación
TRABAJO2
Idioma intermedio
Intensivo
ROSA Durán
c.i. 10103686
Reading techniques for
translations. (Part I)
Skimming is used to
quickly identify the main ideas of a text. When
you read the newspaper, you're probably not reading it
word-by-word; instead you're scanning the text.
Skimming is done at a speed three to
four times faster than normal reading. People often skim
when they have lots of
material to read in a limited amount of time. Use skimming when you want
to see if
an article may be of interest in your research.
There are many strategies that can be used when skimming.
Some people read the first
and last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other organizers
as they move down the page
or screen. You might read
the title, subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. Consider reading the first sentence
of each paragraph.
This technique is useful when
you're seeking specific information rather than reading
for comprehension. Skimming works well to find
dates, names, and places. It might be used
to review graphs, tables, and charts.
Exercises
Read the
following questions carefully. Then answer the questions.
(In Sapnish)
1. Robots - The Future
They have been
around for years. They come in all shapes and
sizes. When they were first
invented nobody knew their importance.
But, how soon will it be before
they are so intelligent that they take
over jobs which only human beings can do, such as, treating patients or constructing houses? You may wonder what I am
talking about…..well, I am talking
about robots.
If we examine the
possible advantages that robots could offer us in the
future, we see that there
are numerous. Just imagine if there was
a robot that could carry out all of
the housework, drive you about, prepare your food and
build houses. How would your life
be? I bet millions of people would
say, "Just perfect". Having a robot to do all these
things would undoubtedly save a lot of time and
money.
However, there are, of course, some
disadvantages. I can envisage
that in the future, possessing a robot will be very expensive,
and perhaps only those elitists
will be able to afford them.
Something that might worry me a little, would be, 'what if the
robot began to malfunction and started to destroy
things?' I am sure that in the
future, just as there may be robots that are good and helpful,
there are also going to be those
that are bad and made to kill.
This is something
extremely important to bear in mind.
I think I can conclude by saying that although
having a robot in the future could be extremely useful, I personally see more disadvantages than advantages. I am happy with my life
at the moment even if I have to
do my own ironing and cooking!
According to the speaker:
1. What jobs might robots be able to do in the
future?
Ellos serán tan inteligentes en el futuro que ocuparán puestos de trabajo que
actualmente ocupan las personas, como el cuidado de pacientes y construcciones
de viviendas.
2. What are the advantages of having a robot?
Tendrían muchas
ventajas, como por ejemplo nos facilitarían los quehaceres del hogar como el
cocinar y ayudar a las construcciones de viviendas, el cual nos ahorraría
tiempo y dinero.
3. What are the main disadvantages?
Algunas
de las desventajas es que seria muy costoso poseer un robot y quizás solo las clases altas serán capaces
de adquirirlos.
4. What concerns the speaker?
Le
preocupa que tengan fallas en su funcionamiento y comiencen a destruir cosas,
tiene seguridad de que algunos van a ser muy útiles, como también van a estar
aquellos que son malos y hechos para matar.
5. How does the speaker conclude?
Dice que en el
futuro podrían ser sumamente útiles los robots pero, en su particularidad ve máss desventajas que ventajas, ya que piensa “¡Soy feliz con mi vida en este momento
incluso si tengo planchar y cocinar yo
mismo!”.
2. Coat of
Arms of England
The Coat of
Arms was introduced by King Richard I of England in the 1190s, apparently as a version of the arms
of the Duchy
of Normandy.
Normandy currently uses two leopards, although
an alternative historical version uses three leopards identical to the
English arms.
According to one
tradition, following the Norman Conquest an extra leopard was added to
two existing Norman leopards to represent
the combined Anglo-Norman realm. According to another tradition
the two leopards
were combined with the single lion of Aquitaine
on the acquisition
of these continental territories by the English Crown. Other heraldic authorities have claimed that at an early stage
in the development of heraldry the
number of Norman leopards was not
fixed and that it is
simply a matter of design as to
why England has ended up with three
heraldic leopards (now called lions)
and Normandy with two.
Now, answer the questions about
the text.
1. The coat of arms
of England was introduced by
2. The three leopards
represent the combined Anglo-Norman realm.
3. Normandy currently also has three leopards in its coat of arms.
4. Some people think
that the number of leopards
is simply a matter of design.
5. The coat of
arms was created in the 1190s.
3. House of
Commons
In many bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of
Commons has historically been the name
of the elected
lower house. The Commons generally
holds much more power than the
upper house (the senate or
House of Lords). The leader of
the majority party in the House of
Commons usually becomes the Prime Minister.
Historically, "the commons" were an estate in a traditional pre-Enlightenment European government which typically divided the governance of an area
between "estates"
of society. Other estates included
the clergy, nobles, merchants and knights.
The word "commons" has at times been confused with the
word "commoner", but they are very
different in this context. The House
of Commons was created to
serve as the political outlet for this "commons" class, while the elite estates were represented
in the House of Lords. The House
of Commons was thus elected
by the people while members of
the upper house were appointed
on the basis of various forms
of elite "merit",
such as wealth, family, or prestige.
States with a House
of Commons base their democratic systems upon this
original British house of parliament (it is thus
occasionally called "the mother of
parliaments"). Many such places were part of the
British Empire, and are now part of
the Commonwealth of Nations. In distancing themselves from the rule
of empire, they have often
renamed that part of their
government (or abolished it, e.g.
in favour of a military dictatorship).
Most Westminster-system nations which originally
used the term "House of Commons" have changed the
name of their
lower house to "the House
of Representatives." There are only two existing Houses
of Commons. These are the: British House of
Commons (at the Palace of Westminster, London) and the
Canadian House of Commons (on
Parliament Hill, in Ottawa).
The House of
Commons was also the lower
house of the Parliament of Ireland, before
its abolition under the 1801 Act of Union,
and the short-lived Parliament of Southern Ireland
in 1920, which was subsequently superseded by the Dáil of
the Irish Free State. Similarly, the House of Commons
was the lower
house of the Parliament of Northern Ireland before its abolition
in 1972.
Questions
Now, answer the questions about
the text.
1. The Parliament is divided
into two houses.
2. The leader of
the majority party in the House of
Commons is the Prime Minister.
3. The members of
the House of Commons are elected by the people.
4. The British House
of Parliament is called "the mother of
parliaments".
5. All countries belonging
to the British
Empire have a House of Commons nowadays.
6. The Canadian House
of Commons was abolished in 1801.