Palestine cause

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Topography and Terrain:
Palestine can be divided into four main distinct regions:

• Coastal and Inner Plains:
  These are among the best fertile land in Palestine and elsewhere, with adequate resources of irrigation (from rainfall and underground water). They are where most of the Palestinian citrus groves used to stand. The coastal stretch is divided by Jabal al-Karmel (Mount Carmel) into the plain of Akka (Acre) and the plain of Palestine (also called Saruunah). The inner part consists, largely, of Marj bin 3aamir. This one is triangular in shape, with Jenin and Nazareth (An-NaaSirah) as its base and the SE edge of the Akka plain as its sharp corner.
• The Mountains and Hills:
  This part is largely rocky but has terraces which make it suitable for a number of trees. Olives is one of the most planted trees in these regions. There are almonds, apples and others. Also, there are patches of plains scattered around in this region and these are fully utilized: they are planted wheat, barely, lentils .. in Winter and vegetables during the Summer (mostly tomatoes, melons, maize and other vegetation that stands the hot weather). Mountains are located in al-Jaliil (Galilee), al-Karmel, Nablus and Hebron areas.
• The Jordan Valley and Ghawr:
  This is well below sea level, hence the name ghawr, with very good soil but very little water resources. Agriculture there depends on irrigation either from local streams or the Jordan River. Due to its climate, that region used to produce summer vegetables in late Winter stretching the availability of fresh produce before electricity and refregerators. The two lakes are at the northern edge of this region.
• The Southern Desert:
  This region comprises almost half of the land of Palestine. It is also triangular in shape. The base is fertile and the rest, with its apex near the town of Aqaba, is poor with scattered patches of regions suitable for cultivation. Bi'r as-Sab' (renamed Beersheba by the occupation) is the main town in that region.

Population:
There has never been an accurate official census in Palestine since the roots of the recent aggression. Hadawi states that at the end of 1918 (WW1), there were 700,000 people living in Palestine. These were divided into 574,000 Muslims, 70,000 Christians and 56,000 Jews. Almost all the Palestinian Christians are Arabs and most of the Jews as well (up to around 1900 AD). These numbers check positively with the estimate that only 6% to 7% of the total Palestinian population was Jewish right after the first Zionist congress in Basel. It is also consistent with what David Newman's statement that: between 1800 and 1945, The Jewish Population of Palestine increased from approximately 25,000 to 600,000, eventually comprising some 33 per cent of the country's population.

Chronology of Palestinian history

Following is a compiled chronology of Palestinian history  till the beginning of the current occupation. This chronology (up to 1949) is summarized from the well-known reference All That Remains (ed. Walid Khalidi). The historical events beyond 1949 are taken from the PASSIA diary (year 2000 issue).
The original copy of this page stopped at 1914 - World War I. We received many requests from our dear visitors to complete it and we just met their request. Thank you for visiting.

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II. A.D.

70
Destruction of the second temple by the Roman Emperor Titus.
132-135
Suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Jews barred from Jerusalem and Emperor Hadrian builds a pagan city on its ruins.
330-638
Palestine under Byzantine rule, Christianity spreads.
638
Omar ibn al-Khattaab enters Jerusalem and ends the Byzantine rule.
661-750
Palestine administered by the Umayyad chaliphs from Damascus and construct the Dome of the Rock ('Abd al-Malik, 685-705) and Al-Aqsa in its current shape (al-Walid, 705-715).
750-1258
Palestine administered from Baghdad by the'Abbasid caliphs.
969
Palestine administered by the Fatimids from Egypt as rivals to Baghdad.
1071
Saljuqs (originally from Isfahan) rule Jerusalem and parts of Palestine (officially still under the 'Abbasids).
1099-1187
The Crusaders arrive and establish the "Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem".
1187
Salah al-Diin al-Ayyoubi (from Kurdistan) conquers the crusaders in the battle of Hittin, kicks them back to Europe and frees Jerusalem. Palestine administered from Cairo.
1260
The Mamluks succeed the Ayyubis, continue to administer Palestine from Cairo and kick the Mongols in the battle of 'Ayn Jaluut near An-Nasira.
1291
The Mamluks (Khalil bin Qalawuun) conquer the last crusader stronghold in Akka and Qisariya.
1516-1917
Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman state and administered from Istanbul.
1832-1840
Moh'd Ali Pasha (Egypt) rules Palestine, Ottomans take over afterwards.
1876-1877
First Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem attend the first Ottoman parliament.
1878
First Zionist settlement (Petach Tiqva) established under the guise of agricultural community.
1882-1903
First wave of Zionists (25000 strong) enters Palestine as illegal immigrants from Eastern Europe.
1882
French Baron E. de Rothschild starts backing Zionists activities in Palestine financially.
1887-1888 Ottomans divide Palestine into three districts: Jerusalem (follows Istanbul) , Akka and Nablus (follow the 'wilaya' of Beirut).
1896
Theodor Hertzl, a journalist from an Austro-Hungarian origin published Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) advocating the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine or elsewhere.
1896
JCA (Jewish Colonization Association) starts aiding Zionist settlements in Palestine.
1897
First Zionist congress in Switzerland issues the Basle Program "calling for a home for the Jewish people in Palestine" and establishes the WZO (World Zionist Organization to that end.
1901
JNF (Jewish National Fund) set up by the 5th Zionist congress to acquire land (in Palestine) and 'make it Jewish'.
1904-1914
Second wave (around 40000 strong) of Zionist illegal immigrants arrive in Palestine and increase the Jewish percentage to 6% of the total population.
1909
First Zionist Kibbutz (collective farm), establishment of Tel Aviv north of Yaafa.
1914
World War I starts.
Note: what follows is translation from the Arabic version of the book.
1916
- January: Hussein-McMahon talks regardinng steps leading to Arab countries/provinces' independence from the Ottoman empire.
- May: The signing of the Sykes-Picot agrreement dividing Arab countries/provinces between Britain and France!
- June: Sharif Hussein declares independeence from Ottoman Empire and the start of Arab revolt against Istanbul.
1917
- November: The Balfour declaration - UK foreign minister declares support towards establishing a Jewish state in Palestine.
1918
- September: British forces, led by Gen. Allenby, occupy Palestine
- October: World War I ends.
1919
- Jan-Feb: first Palestinian National Connference in Jerusalem rejects Balfour declaration and calls (with letters to the Paris peace conference) for independence.
- August: Paris peace conference sends innvestigation committee to the Near East. UK and France did not participate. Committee recommends modification of Balfour ideas.
1919- 1923
- Third wave of Zionist-Jewish immigrantss (around 35000) raising their percentage in Palestine to 12%, with land ownership at 3%.
1920
- April: disturbances start in Palestine.. Five Jewish people killed and 200 injured. UK investigates and attributes causes to broken promises and fears of new waves of immigrants.
- April: Peace conference higher council in San Rimo places Palestine under British mandate
- May: British occupation prevents the seecond Palestinian National Council (PNC) from convening
- July: Sir H. Samuel (British Jew) openss British civil administration in Palestine.
- December: third PNC convenes in Haifa, elects executive committee that steers Palestinian political movement till 1935
1921
- March: formation of the Haganah, Jewishh underground terror organization
- May: Disturbances in Haifa protesting ZZionist waves of immigration leading, among casualties, to 46 Jewish immigrants. The British investigate, found as before.
- May: Haj Amin al-Husseini appointed a mmufti for Jerusalem
- May-June: fourth PNC convenes in Jerusaalem, sends a mission to London to explain position
1922
- June: British minister for colonies (W.. Churchill) publishes the white paper excluding East of Jordan river from the Balfour declaration and calls for organizing Zionist immigration according to economic capacity of Palestine.
- July: League of Nations approves Britissh mandate over Palestine
- August: 5th PNC approves economic boycoott of the Zionists.
- October: 1st British census in Palestinne found total population to be 757182 , 78% of whom were Muslim Arabs, 9.6 Christian Arabs and 11 % Jewish (mainly new immigrants)
1923
- September: British mandate officially bbegins
1924-1928
4th wave of Zionist immigrants (67000) arrives (50% of whom were from Polonia). This increases Jewish percentage to 16%, with land ownership up to 4.2 % in 1928).
1925
- Vladimir Jabutinsky's Zionist party callls for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine and east of the River Jordan. Stresses the military aspects of Zionism.
- October: 6th PNC convenes in haifa
1928
- June: 7th PNC convenes in Jerusalem
> 1929
- August: clashes over the Western (Alburraq) Wall i Jerusalem. Clashes led to 116 killed and 232 wounded among Palestinians (mainly by British fire) and 133 dead and 339 wounded among the Jewish side.
- October: General Palestinian Conferencee convenes in Jerusalem to discuss the situation around the Western (Alburaq) Wall
1929-1939
5th Zionist immigration wave brings 250000 immigrants raising their percentage to 30% and their land ownership to 5.7 %.
1930
- January: League of Nations forms an intternational committee to investigate the legal situation over the Jerusalem Wall.
- March: the British Shaw committee releaases findings in the 1929 clashes.
- October: The Hope-Simpson report on immmigration finds no enough resources for Zionist waves of immigration. UK colonies' minister issues a white paper incorporating findings of Shaw and H-S.
1931
- Irgon, another Jewish terrorist organizzation, formed by Zionist extremists and those who split from Haganah. Led by Vladimir Jabutinsky.
- February: British PM, R MacDonald, retrracts from the white paper of October 1930, in a letter to H. Weissman, the Zionist leader.
- November: 2nd British census in Palestiine finds 1,035,154 people. 73% Muslim Arabs, 8.6% Christian Arabs and 16.9% Jewish (mainly immigrants).
- December: L French, UK development direector, publishes a report about Palestinian Arabs who lost their land thanks to Zionist settlements.
1933
-UK foreign minister issues a report conccerning the need to re-settle Palestinian farmers who were expelled from their lands in favor of Zionist immigrants
1935
- October: Zionist revisionists leave thee World Zionist Organization and establish a new one aiming at "liberating" Palestine and East Jordan.
- November: Sh. Izz Eddin al-Qassam leadss the first Palestinian unit resisting British policies and dies in a battle with British forces near Jenin.
1936
- April: Palestinian parties for the Arabb Higher Committee headed by Haj. Amin Husseini.
- May: Palestinian National Committees coonference calls for a stop of tax payment (no taxation without representation). Revolt begins.
August: Fawzi Qawikji, along with 150 volunteers enter Palestine from Lebanon to help fight against the British occupation.
November: British royal committee, headed by Lord peel, arrives in Palestine
1937
- January: Royal committee leaves Palestiine
- April: The Irgon, headed by Jabutinsky,, re-organizes and calls for start of raids against Palestinians
- July: Peel committee report recommends partitioning Palestine into Jewish state (33%) on best areas and one for Palestinian Arabs in addition to British protectorates including Jerusalem. Reports refers to forced transfer, if needed, of Palestinians from the 'Jewish' part.
- July: Arab Higher Committee rejects thee Peel recommendations, calls for Independence of whole Palestine with protection for the rights of all and the British interests. Revolution continues.
- September: Arab National Conference connvenes in Bludan Syria). Rejects partition plans, calls for an end to British mandate, Zionist immigration and transfer of land ownership.
- October: British occupation dissolves AArab Higher Committee and the rest of Palestinian political organizations. Five leaders expelled and Haj A. Husseini escapes to Lebanon.
- November: Britain forms court martials to face the Palestinian revolution.
1938
- April - August: Irgon (Jewish undergrouund terror organization) starts offensive against the Palestinians killing 119. Palestinians resist killing 8.
- June: British officer Orde Wingate formms Special Night Units from British soldiers and Irgon terrorists to attack Palestinian villages.
- October: Britain calls reinforcements. Governors replaced by army general to face the revolution.
- October: British forces re-occupy Jerussalem from the Palestinian rebels.
- November: Woodhead technical fact findiing committee declares partition plan inappropriate, calls for general conference to be attended by Palestinians, Arabs and Zionists.
1939
- February: London conference convenes - March: London conference ends. No agreeement.
- May: British House of Commons votes in favor of a white paper by minister of colonies M. MacDonald. The paper calls for: conditional independence of a Palestinian state after ten years, acceptance of 15000 Zionist immigrants a year for 5 years, then by Arab agreement. British official sources put the number of Palestinians killed in the revolt at 3500-4000 in addition to 500 Jews/Zionists.
- September 1: World War II begins.
- October: Separatists from the Zionist IIrgon organization form the Stern gang headed by Abraham Stern.
1940
- February: Land ownership rules accordinng to British 1939 white paper enforced.
1940 - 1945
- Over 60,000 Zionist/Jewish immigrants eenter Palestine (over 20,000 'illegally' as determined by Britain who controlled borders). Jewish/Zionist percentage rises to 31% and land they control to 6%.
1942
- February: Abraham Stern killed by Britiish police
- May: Baltimore conference for Zionist lleaders convenes in NY, calls for "making Palestine a Jewish homeland"
1943
- November: Britain extends the five yearr Zionist influx to exhaust the 75,000 permits according to its 1939 white paper.
1944
- January: Zionist organizations Irgon annd Stern unite against the British.
- November: Stern group assassinates Lordd Moyne (British minister)
1945
May 8: World War II ends.
- September: Zionist influx resumes, prottected by the Haganah (Zionist terror organization).
- November: British foreign minister, E. Bevin, releases a white paper declaring the resumption of Jewish immigration.
1946
- March: Anglo-American committee arrivess in Palestine to investigate British white paper of 1945.
- May: Anglo-America committee report inddicates 61, 000 - 69,000 armed members in Zionist organizations Stern, Haganah and Irgon; declares special armies illegal, recommends 100,000 more immigrants and the cancellation of land ownership regulations. Palestinians strike in protest.
- June: Arab League convenes in Bludan (SSyria), approves 'secret' decisions and warns UK and US that ignoring Palestinian rights will affect their interests in the Arab world.
- July: British white paper on terrorism in Palestine accuses Haganah, Stern and Irgon of 'violence and destruction'.
- July 22: Irgon blows up the King David Hotel in Jerusalem killing 91 people (among them British, Palestinian and Jewish employees of the mandate)
- July: Anglo-American conference convenees in London, suggests a federal plan (M-G) to solve the Palestinian problem. Suggestions rejected by both Zionist and Palestinian leaders.
1947
- January: round table conference re-convvenes in London.
- February: British foreign minister, E. Bevin, suggests an amendment to the M-G plan and presents it to London conference. Plan rejected by Arab representatives and Jewish Agency.
- February 18: Bevin announces he'll takee the problem of Palestine to the United Nations
- April 28 - May 15: UN General Assembly convenes the Palestine session, forms the 11-member UNSCOP committee
- September 8: UNSCOP report published. MMajority of its members suggest partition, minority suggest federal solution.
- September 16-19: Arab League denounces partition, forms a committee to help in Palestinian defense needs
- September 26: Arthur Jones, British minnister for colonies, announces Britain's decision to end its mandate over Palestine
- September 29: Arab Higher Committee rejjects the partition plan.
- October 2: the Jewish Agency accepts thhe partition plan.
- October 7 - 15: Arab League convenes inn Lebanon, warns of Zionist danger after Mandate and allocates a million Sterling Pounds for Palestine
- October 29: Britain announces departuree in 6 months if no solution achieved
- November 27: Arab League Committee headd report warns of inability of Palestinians to face the Zionist armies without help and organization.
- November 29: UN general Assembly votes on an amended partition plan calling for a 56.5 % of Palestine for a Jewish state, 43 % for a Palestinian one and internationalization of Jerusalem. Votes were 33 for, 13 against, 10 abstinations. Arab representatives left the meeting.
- November 30: The Haganah calls for Jewss aged 17 to 25 to enlist for military service
- December: Arab League establishes the &"Arab Salvation Army" from Arab non-regular volunteers, headed by Fawzi Qawikji.
- December 2: Palestinians declare a 3-daay strike protesting partition. Disturbances result in killing of 6 Palestinians and 8 Zionists/Jews.
- December 8: Britain presents a recommenndation to the UN calling for an end of its mandate on Palestine, immediate formation of a Jewish state and a Palestinian state two weeks after.
- December 8 - 17: Arab League political committee declares partition illegal and decides to supply the League Palestine Committee with rifles and volunteers
- December 15: Britain announces it will hand the admin of Tel Aviv/Petah Tikva to the Jews and Yafa to the Palestinians
- December 17: Jewish Agency executive boody announces that American Jews should pay 250 million US$ to help the Zionists in Palestine
- December 21 - March 1948: Zionist organnizations Irgon and Haganah start coastal ethnic cleansing of Palestinian villages
- December - January 1948: Arab Higher Coommittee forms local committees to defend Palestinian villages, towns and localities against Zionist cleansing.
1948
- January: AbdulQadir al-Husseini returnss to Palestine from exile and becomes active in resisting the partition
- January 8 - 10: Arab Salvation Army's ffirst unit of 330 fighters arrives in Palestine, meets resistance from both Britain and Zionist organizations
- January 14: The Haganah stockpiles on aarms, mainly imported from Czechoslovakia, including artillery, machine guns, ammunition and 25 planes.
- January 16: British report to the UN esstimates 1974 killed during the period November 30, 1947 and January 10, 1948
- January 20: Britain says it'll hand oveer administration according to local majority in each area
- January 21 - 28: an extra 760 volunteerrs arrive to join Arab Salvation Army (ASA)
- January - March: Jewish National Fund eencourages the expulsion of Arabs from Haifa. The Haganah attacks Palestinians near al-Hula lake (north of Tabariyya) and the Palmach (another Zionist armed group) attacks bedouins in An-Naqab.
- February 16: ASA loses near Bisan.
- February 18: The Haganah calls men and women aged 25 - 35 to enlist in 'military service'.
- February 24: UN discusses the situationn
- March: East Jordan government head meetts UK's Bevin and both agree that East Jordan government forces enter areas allocated to Palestinians (according to partition plan) after the end of Mandate
- March 5 - 7: Qawikji assumes leadershipp of ASA units in the Jenin-Nablus-Tulkarm triangle 9areas assigned to an Arab state according to partition plan)
- March 6: the Haganah announces general mobilization
- March 10: British House of Commons votees on ending the mandate on May 15. The Haganah drafts "Plan Dalet" (Dalet is Hebrew for D) for military operations in Palestine.
- March 18: American president, Truman, rreceives Chaim Weizman and promises to support the declaration of the Jewish State on May 15.
- March 19 - 20: USA representative in thhe Security Council asks it to suspend the partition plan and calls for a General Assembly session to discuss a trusteeship on Palestine. Arabs accepted a limited one with a truce conditioned by Jewish acceptance. The Jewish Agency rejected.
- March 25: Truman calls for an immediatee truce, announces willingness to participate in temporary trusteeship
- March 30 - May 15: 2nd coastal cleansinng operation by the Haganah against Palestinians between Haifa and Yafa.
- April 1: First arms shipment to Jewish organizations lands in Haifa, more in air cargo. Security Council calls for a General Assembly session according to US suggestion.
- April 4: The Haganah starts executing &"Plan Dalet (D)".
- April 4 - 15: Battle of Mishmar Ha 'Emeeq. Haganah wins and Palmach occupies villages in the plains of marj bin Aamer
- April 6 - 15: Operation Nachshon (firstt part of Dalet Plan). Villages and towns on the Jerusalem - Tel Aviv road fell to Haganah.
- April 8: Abdur Qadir Husseini dies in ccounter offensive to restore al-Qastal (near Jerusalem)
- April 9: Deir Yassin massacre. Irgon annd Stern terrorists kill 250 civilians in this village in Jerusalem district
- April 12: General Zionist Council deciddes to establish an independent state in Palestine on May 16.
- April 20: Operation Hariel of Plan Daleet. Palestinian villages on Jerusalem road targeted and destroyed. Continues till May 15.
- April 15 - May 25: Operation Yiftah capptures Safad and uses psychological war to expel Palestinians. Operation Sweeper drives bedouins to Jordan River.
- April 16 - 17: Golani and Palmach unitss occupy Tabariyya (Tiberias) after British forces leave. Palestinian residents leave.
- April 17: Security Council calls for a military and political truce
- April 20: USA brings its trusteeship prroposal to the UN
- April 21: Operation Misparim. British fforces leave Haifa, Haganah launches offensive.
- April 22: Local defenders in Haifa losee. Residents leave due to heavy shelling and round offensive.
- April 25: Irgon attacks yafa.
- April 26 - 30: Haganah launches Operatiion Yabusi on and around Jerusalem and occupies areas there.
- April 27 - May 5: Irgon and Haganah inttensifies shelling and ground offensive on Yafa (Operation Hamets) leading to expulsion of 50000
- April 30: Haganah captures all areas off West Jerusalem and expels Palestinians
- May 3: Reports say Zionist attacks leftt about 175,000 - 200,000 Palestinian refugees
- May 8 - 16: Haganah launches Operation Maccabi capturing villages on the Ramle-LaTrun road
- May 9 - June 1: Operation Barak. Haganaah attacks around Ramle
- May 10 - 15: Golani brigade captures Biisan and launches attacks in area
- May 12 - 14: Zionist forces receive morre arms shipments arrive from Czechoslovakia
- May 13: ASA and local fighters attack GGush Etsion and captures it in return of Zionists attack on the Hebron road. Yafa surrenders to the Haganah.
- May 13 - 21: Operation Ben Ami. Carmelii brigade captures Akka 9Acre) and coastal areas north of the city
- May 14: Haganah launches offensive on JJerusalem after British forces leave. Some residential areas captured in old city. An Israeli state was declared in Tel Aviv at 4 pm. USA president Truman recognizes the state
- May 15: British mandate ends. Israeli sstate declaration takes effect.
- May 15 - 17: Lebanese soldiers enter noorth border, restore 2 villages.
- May 15 - 28: Arab Army (East Jordan) crrosses the river and takes positions in Jerusalem, captures areas from the Haganah
- May 15 - June 4: Iraqi units enter Paleestine and take position in Jenin-Nablus-Tulkarm triangle. Haganah launches offensive, expel residents of villages on the Jenin road and even occupying Jenin but kicked out on June 3 -4 .
- May 15 - June 7: Egyptian units cross tthe border and reach Isdod (coastal town). Some volunteers connect with Jordanian units near Bethlehem.
- May 16 - 30: Operation Ben Nun. Zionistts fail to capture Latrun to open Jerusalem - Yafa road, but capture neighboring villages
- May 16 - June 10: Syrian units enter frrom north. Restores a few villages together with Lebanese soldiers
- May 20: Security Council appoints Bernaadotte its intermediary in Palestine
- May 22: Security Council issues a resollution calling for a ceasefire
- June 9 - 10: Operation Yuram fails to ccapture Latrun
- June 11 - July 8: First truce.
- June 28 - 29: Bernadotte suggests a sollution between East Jordan and Palestine leading to Arab and Jewish states and allocates each party's share. Both parties rejected it.
- July 7: Security Council calls for an eextension of the truce
- July 7 - 18: Operation Dani. Lod and Raamle fall, residents leave. Villages on the Yafa-Jerusalem road fall and a major offensive on Latrun ends with second truce taking effect.
- July 8 - 14: Operations An-Far and Dekeel end in capture of areas near Ramle as well as Naasira and al-Jalil al-Asfal (Lower Galilee)
- July 9 - 18: Israeli army fails to resttore a settlement from the Syrians
- July 15: Security Council calls concernned governments and authorities to issue a ceasefire and implement it in 3 weeks.
- July 17: Israeli Operation Kedem fails to capture old Jerusalem.
- July 18 - October 15: second truce
- July 24 - 26: Operation Shuteir. Israelli forces attack and capture 3 villages south of Haifa.
- August 16 - early October: expulsion off bedouins from an-Naqab by Negev and Yiftah brigades
- July 24 - 28: Operation Nikayon (cleanssing): occupation of areas north of Isdod
- September 16: Bernadotte suggests a neww partition of Palestine. An Arab state to join east Jordan (contains An-Naqab, Lod, Ramle), Jewish state in Galilee (al-Jalil), internationalization of Jerusalem, return of refugees or compensation. Arab league and 'Israel' reject.
- September 17: Zionist group, Stern, asssassinates Bernadotte.
- October 15 - November 9: Operations Yuaav and Hahar. Occupation of Bi'r as-Sabi', Majdal, Isdod, coastal areas and villages near Hebron.
- October 29 - 31: Operation Hiram. Captuure of Jalil al-A'ala (Upper Galilee) and advance toward Litani river in Lebanon
- November 4: security Council resolutionn calls for withdrawal to the prior October 14 positions and establishment of permanent truce lines
- November - Mid 1949: Israeli forces exppel villagers from a stretch 5 - 15 Km deep in Lebanon as well as residents of al-Jalil.
- December 22 - January 6, 1949: Operatioon Horef against Egyptian forces. Occupation of many towns and villages, advancement into Sinai followed by withdrawal and ceasefire on December 7 with forces on the outskirts of Rafah
- December 27: an attack on Egyptian forcces fail.
1949
- February 24: Israeli-Egyptian truce. Eggyptian forces leave Faluje and keeps gaza-Rafah strip.
- February (end): Israeli army expels Falluje residents in violation of truce.
- March: Israeli forces complete occupatiion of An-Naqab and reach Aqaba.
- March 23: Israeli-Lebanese truce. Israeeli forces withdraw from most Lebanese areas.
- April 3: Israeli-Jordanian truce. Jordaan keeps Nablus, Jenin and Tulkarm but leaves Wadi Ara. Both accept status quo in Jerusalem.
- July 20: Israeli-Syrian truce. Demilitaarized area between them.
Events that follow are taken from the PASSIA diary:
1949
UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine established; UNRWA founded; UN General Assembly resolution 303; 4th Geneva Convention.
1950
Israeli law of return and absentee property law; Jordan unified East Bank and what remains of West Bank (or the River Jordan)
1951
King Abdullah I assassinated in Jerusalem
1955
Israeli army attack and massacre in Gaza
1956
Israeli massacres in Qalqilya, kafr Qaasim and Khan Yunis; tripartite invasion (British, French, Israeli) of Egypt and the Suez crisis
1957
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai (Egyptian) and Gaza
1959
Fateh founded
1963
PLO draft constitution issued at Arab summit in Cairo
1964
PLO founded
1965
Israelis divert the Jordan River; Fateh carries first military operation in Palestine
1966
Israeli massacre in As-Sammu' village
1967
The six-day (June) war; occupation of the rest of Palestine; UN resolution 242; Arab league summit in Khartoum (Sudan)
1968
PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) founded; the Karamah battle; PNC (Palestinian National Charter) amended
1969
DFLP (Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine) founded; Israeli arson attack on Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem; Arafat became PLO chairman
1970
Black September events in Jordan
1972
King Hussein's UAK (United Arab Kingdom) plan
1973
October War (Yom kippur); UN resolution 338; Geneva conference; Palestinian National Salvation Front founded
1974
Rejectionist Front formed; UN and Arab League recognize PLO as sole legitimate representative of the Palestinians; Arafat addresses the UN
1975
PLO granted access to the UNSC; UN General Assembly resolution 3379 (Zionism is a form of racism)
1976
Land Day; West Bank municipal elections (under Israeli occupation)
1977
Begin's (Israeli PM) autonomy plan
1978
National Guidance Committee formed, Israeli invasion of South Lebanon; Camp David Accords (Israeli-Egyptian)
1979
Israeli-Egyptian Peace Treaty; Int'l Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People declared; UN res. 446, 452 (againstIsraeli settlement policy)
1980
EC's Venice Declaration; Israeli Basic Law on Jerusalem (annexation)
1981
King Fahd plan
1982
Fez, Reagan and Brezhnev plans; Israeli invasion of Lebanon; Sabra and Shatila massacre (Sharon and co.); Palestinian Communist Party founded
1983
Geneva International Conference
1986
War of the camps in Lebanon
1987
The first Intifada
1988
Jordan's disengagement declaration; Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement) founded; Shultz peace plan; Palestinian Declaration of Independence
1990
Massacres at Iyun Qarah (Rishon LeZion) and Al-Aqsa Mosque
1991
Gulf War; Madrid Conference
1992
Multilateral talks; Israeli Labor Party wins elections
1993
Closure policies begin; Declaration of Principles (Arafat-Rabin-Clinton)
1994
Hebron massacre; Oslo I agreement; PA established
1995
Oslo II agreement; Y. Rabin assassinated by an Israeli.
1996
Palestinian Elections; PLC (Palestinian Legislative Council) formed; Netanyahu (Israeli Likud) comes to power
1997
Hebron agreement; Sh. A Yassin released (in a deal over failed Israeli operation in Jordan)
1998
Wye River memorandum
1999
Sharm el-Sheikh agreement (Wye II or Wye+); end of interim phase (according to Oslo I)
2000
More failed talks over land, Jerusalem and refugees; Sharon's visit to Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem and second Intifada

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