hydrothermal replacement: A change in a rock or mineral deposit due to the addition or removal of minerals by hydrothermal fluids.
igneous rock: Rock formed by the solidification of molten volcanic magma.
placer: A deposit of heavy mineral particles (e.g. gold) that have weathered out of the bedrock and been concentrated mechanically, usually by the action of streams.
replacement: A process by which one mineral replaces another, while often retaining the physical form of the first mineral.
sedimentary rock: A layered rock, formed through the accumulation and solidification of sediments, which may originally be made up of minerals, rock debris, or animal or vegetable matter.