1. Medicine:


1. Sushruta is considered father of surgery. Centuries ago, he and health scientists of
   his time conducted surgeries like caesareans, cataract, artificial limb transplant, fractures,urinary stones,plastic surgery and brainsurgery,long before the western world even knew they existed.Anesthesia was well known procedure in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipments were used. Extensive procedures & observations in the fields ofanatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity are found in many ancient scrolls.
2. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of ayurveda medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization. Western doctors acknowledge Ayurveda's effectiveness in curing diseases without side-effects.

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2. Mathematics & Astronomy.:
   1. The Number Zero was invented by Indians completing the Decimal system.
   2. The value of "pi" was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of "Pythagorean Theorem" (long before pythagoras did!). He discovered this in the 6th century,long before the European mathematicians
   3. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus originated from India. Quadratic equations were first analysed by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 10⁶ whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10⁵³ with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera 10¹².
   4. Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun ,hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century India!)365.258756484 days.
   5. The fact that the solar system had nine planets was known by ancient Indians. Even now in Indian Temples,we have the navagrihas shrine(nine planets)...
   6. The Heliocentric theory proposed by Copernicus was known to ancient Indians long ago. Even now in Indian Temples,we can see that the Sun(Surya) occupies the central position in the Navagrihas shrine(nine planets).

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3. Education,Science...:
   1. IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of wireless communication was Prof. Jagdeesh Chandra Bose and not Marconi.
   2. The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.
   3. According to a report in Forbes magazine,Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software.
   4. The World's first university called Nalanda University was established in Takshila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studies more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.

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4. Indians in America:
   38% of Doctors in America are Indians. 12% of Scientists in America are Indians. 36% of NASA employees are Indians. 34% of MICROSOFT employees are Indians 28% of IBM employees are Indians 17% of INTEL employees are Indians 13% of XEROX employees are Indians

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                            - Balaabiraman.G & Naveen.N                 
                                        98csesrec.