Crime
Against Women: DOWRY deaths in
---Leena Mehendale
Dowry is
undoubtedly a stigma on the Indian
society. A girl leaves her parental
house around the age of 20 years and accepts the matrimonial house as her home
where she would spend the rest of life.
Her well-being, sense of security, confidence and empowerment,
everything depends on the treatment that she gets during the initial period
immediately after the marriage. The
menace of dowry torture increased so much during the last twenty years that now
it has become a threat to the sense of well-being of the newly married
girl. After a large number of cases of
dowry torture and dowry deaths came to be reported, the Dowry Prohibition Act
which was passed by the government of India in 1961 was twice modified and made
further stringent in 1984 and 1986. Now
there is a provision that if any girl dies within the first seven years of
marriage, then it shall be presumed that there was an element of dowry
harassment and torture. The punishment for demanding dowry has been increased
to 5 years of imprisonment, dowry harassment has been made a non- bailable offence, and demanding financial gratification
even after marriage has been included in the definition of dowry demand.
Even then
the crime of dowry has continued unabated.
This has become another reason for parents to feel worried about the
worth of a girl child. This in turn has
led to many instances of female infanticide, female foeticide
and now rejecting female foetus by a pre-sex-selection
technology in which a huge bunch of male sperms are vigourously
churned to separate sperms containing xx and xy
chromosomes, and the female egg from the mother is selectively fertilized by
the sperm containing xy chromosomes only and inserted
in the mother’s womb, thus blanking out all possibilities of conceiving a girl
child. All this has resulted in a heavy
imbalance in the female male sex ratio which is a pre-cursor of a societal
violence. The female –male sex ratio in the age group of 0-6, was only 927 by
2001 as seen in the latest census. Such social and demographic considerations
have to be kept in mind while analysing the crime
record of dowry deaths.
The crime
of dowry death started getting reported in the NCRB only from 1995 onwards.
As a part
of my study of crimes against women in
1. Chart 1 shows
a districtwise and revenue divisionwise
details of dowry deaths registered by police between the period 1995 to 1999 alongwith the five-year average and the rate of dowry
deaths per one crore of population. It is seen that every year around 400 dowry
deaths have occurred in
2. The first 10
districts showing very high number of dowry deaths are Dhule,
Latur, Mumbai,
·
In
terms of rate of perpetration of this crime, only Mumbai and Pune get excluded from the above list of top 10 and we find
that Osmanabad and Jalna
show higher rate of crime than Mumbai and Pune. (chart 2)
·
In
short, all the districts of Marathwada namely
Chart 1
|
< dist. |
popln96 (000) |
dowd95 |
dowd96 |
dowd97 |
dowd98 |
dowd99 |
5 yr tot |
ave |
rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mumbai+ |
15000 |
27 |
34 |
49 |
52 |
69 |
231 |
46 |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINDHUDURG |
859 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
5 |
|
RATNAGIRI |
1633 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
|
RAIGAD |
2020 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
thane + |
6979 |
6 |
2 |
10 |
6 |
10 |
34 |
7 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3295 |
37 |
34 |
27 |
31 |
53 |
182 |
36 |
110 |
|
SANGLI |
2422 |
14 |
16 |
11 |
11 |
4 |
56 |
11 |
46 |
|
solapur+ |
3595 |
31 |
17 |
16 |
13 |
3 |
80 |
16 |
45 |
|
SATARA |
2685 |
20 |
17 |
16 |
19 |
12 |
84 |
17 |
63 |
|
pune+ |
6389 |
38 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
3 |
94 |
19 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nashik+ |
4384 |
10 |
6 |
10 |
7 |
15 |
48 |
10 |
22 |
|
dhule+ |
2818 |
46 |
54 |
55 |
60 |
48 |
263 |
53 |
187 |
|
JALGAON |
3515 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
|
AHMEDNAGAR |
3757 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
9 |
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2161 |
66 |
50 |
17 |
19 |
13 |
165 |
33 |
153 |
|
JALNA |
1567 |
14 |
12 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
41 |
8 |
52 |
|
parbhani+ |
2400 |
21 |
27 |
22 |
27 |
9 |
106 |
21 |
88 |
|
NANDED |
2684 |
32 |
19 |
16 |
20 |
21 |
108 |
22 |
80 |
|
BEED |
2065 |
5 |
9 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
26 |
5 |
25 |
|
LATUR |
1907 |
40 |
56 |
45 |
45 |
60 |
246 |
49 |
258 |
|
OSMANABAD |
1419 |
6 |
14 |
6 |
12 |
5 |
43 |
9 |
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BULDHANA |
2106 |
14 |
14 |
38 |
10 |
7 |
83 |
17 |
79 |
|
|
2435 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
14 |
3 |
11 |
|
|
2390 |
11 |
8 |
11 |
20 |
4 |
54 |
11 |
45 |
|
YAVATMAL |
2270 |
5 |
1 |
11 |
12 |
5 |
34 |
7 |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bhandara+ |
2256 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
31 |
6 |
27 |
|
|
3718 |
5 |
6 |
10 |
7 |
12 |
40 |
8 |
22 |
|
WARDHA |
1144 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
13 |
3 |
23 |
|
CHANDRAPUR |
1980 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
2 |
8 |
|
GADCHIROLI |
874 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
all maha |
92727 |
468 |
435 |
413 |
412 |
380 |
2108 |
422 |
45 |
·
This
is in stark contrast with the fact that the districts of
·
Fig
1 gives five line-graphs for the districts of Dhule, Latur, Mumbai,
·
Mumbai
and
·
·
Chart
3 below is an interesting list of districts where the dowry death reporting is
either too low (such as Ahmednagar and Yavatmal) or where a sudden drop in the number is
detectable, similar to the situation in
Faulty
reporting ???
|
< dist. |
popln96 |
dowd95 |
dowd96 |
dowd97 |
dowd98 |
dowd99 |
|
SANGLI |
2422 |
14 |
16 |
11 |
11 |
4 |
|
solapur+ |
3595 |
31 |
17 |
16 |
13 |
3 |
|
SATARA |
2685 |
20 |
17 |
16 |
19 |
12 |
|
Pune+ |
6389 |
38 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
3 |
|
AHMEDNAGAR |
3757 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
2161 |
66 |
50 |
17 |
19 |
13 |
|
JALNA |
1567 |
14 |
12 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
parbhani+ |
2400 |
21 |
27 |
22 |
27 |
9 |
|
BULDHANA |
2106 |
14 |
14 |
38 |
10 |
7 |
|
amravati+ |
2390 |
11 |
8 |
11 |
20 |
4 |
|
YAVATMAL |
2270 |
5 |
1 |
11 |
12 |
5 |
|
tot of 11 |
|
239 |
184 |
166 |
152 |
65 |
|
all maha |
92727 |
468 |
435 |
413 |
412 |
380 |
|
all-11 |
|
229 |
251 |
247 |
260 |
315 |
|
% of 11 to
all |
|
51.1 |
42.3 |
40.2 |
36.9 |
17.1 |
Fig.4 is a comparison between the share of the districts in the total crimes of
dowry deaths and their share in the total population of the State. It is found that Latur,
Dhule, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Parbhani, Nanded, Buldhana and Satara contribute much more to this crime than their share
in the population.
Chart 2
shows the rate of dowry death per one crore
population and the percentage share of various districts in this rate. The extremely high rate of dowry deaths in Latur goes beyond all possible justification. In 1992, 15 to 20 villages in Latur suffered unprecedented world scale earthquake killing
more than 50,000 people and devastating huge chunks of land. One expected that such a calamity would
change the mind-set of people and take them away from such greeds
and consumerism as are at the root cause of dowry deaths but the facts as
indicated here are contrary to these expectations. Perhaps it is necessary to see the record of
dowry deaths in the earthquake-hit villages and compare it with the record of
the other villages.
Among all
the district, most surprising results are shown by Dhule
which has highest rate of dowry deaths. Dhule has a large tribal population. Hence there is a need to disaggregate this
data talukawise.
It is also necessary to analyze who are the victims of this crime. It is
noteworthy that the tribals of Dhule
have a better average for land-holdings compared to other tribal districts
where most of the tribals are landless.
It is worthwhile to compare Marathwada and Nagpur divisions. Nagpur is a
comparatively more developed division with better rating in a variety of
indicators like land holdings, rain fall, good crops, higher literacy rate,
better mineral resources and industrialization etc. The rate of dowry related
crimes in all its districts is much
lower while the rape % are very high as compared to rates in the districts of Marathwada
division. What is the sociological factor responsible? One possibility is that
increase in educational levels leads to greater
awareness which in turn leads to proper reporting of rape crimes without fearing the social stigma. Another reason was
suggested by a semi –literate, middle –class, rural woman when she read my Marathi
article on rape analysis. She argued that
most of the young girls in rural areas are taught that their adult life
will begin and end in ‘chulha’ from which there is no escape. They see
around themselves all elderly ladies going through the same plight whether it
is mother or elder sister or sister- in- law. The only way out seems to be
through education and employment, the search of which often leads to
allurements, temptations and trapping by unscrupulous men and rapes. This
perhaps explains the higher rate of rapes in Nagpur
division or various sex scandals in bigger cities like Jalgaon
and Satara.
If this perception is correct, women today
face a Hobson’s choice. If they are not economically empowered, they face dowry
torture or death within the household. If they seek economic empowerment, they
have to face sexual exploitation or violence outside the household ! Must the
choice before Indian women be so stark?
The preferred situation is where women can seek economic freedom without fear of violence or stay at home without facing
domestic volence. Alaka Basu’s description (Basu, 1992)
of the mother who does not work for economic earning, but knows that work is at
hand if the need arises, as being the ‘best placed woman’ will strike a chord
among many a women.
But this brings us squarely to the issue of
the rule of law and the efficacy of the system of justice. Only when these
function effectively, can the women be safe whether they choose to work or stay
at home. When these do not function effectively, those who perpetrate violence
on women, and those who see them getting away unpunished, feel emboldened to
torture, to kill, to blackmail or to rape.
The superstructure of economic empowerment
therefore rests on the foundation of safety. In a graphical sense, the status
of women rests on three links of a chain, education, safety and availability of
economic opportunity. If all these links are firm then she is secure; if any
one is weak she faces risks. It is useful to remember that a chain snaps at its
weakest link, not at the strongest. The three factors therefore need to link up
together rather than assume competing posture either academically or in terms
of policy. The nature of crime against
women may become a powerful barometer for locating the weak links in different
geographic regions.
Chart 2 culprit districts ???
|
< dist. |
popln96 |
dowd95 |
dowd96 |
dowd97 |
dowd98 |
dowd99 |
5 yr tot |
ave |
rate |
|
DHULE+ |
|
46 |
54 |
55 |
60 |
48 |
263 |
53 |
187 |
|
LATUR |
|
40 |
56 |
45 |
45 |
60 |
246 |
49 |
258 |
|
mumbai+ |
|
27 |
34 |
49 |
52 |
69 |
231 |
46 |
31 |
|
KOLHAPUR |
|
37 |
34 |
27 |
31 |
53 |
182 |
36 |
110 |
|
AURANGABAD
+ |
|
66 |
50 |
17 |
19 |
13 |
165 |
33 |
153 |
|
NANDED |
|
32 |
19 |
16 |
20 |
21 |
108 |
22 |
80 |
|
PARBHANI+ |
|
21 |
27 |
22 |
27 |
9 |
106 |
21 |
88 |
|
pune+ |
|
38 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
3 |
94 |
19 |
29 |
|
SATARA |
|
20 |
17 |
16 |
19 |
12 |
84 |
17 |
63 |
|
BULDHANA |
|
14 |
14 |
38 |
10 |
7 |
83 |
17 |
79 |
|
osmana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
jalna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dist |
dd
rate> |
%contribution |
|
LATUR |
258 |
17 |
|
DHULE+ |
187 |
14 |
|
AURANGABAD
+ |
153 |
13 |
|
KOLHAPUR |
110 |
11 |
|
PARBHANI+ |
88 |
10 |
|
NANDED |
80 |
10 |
|
BULDHANA |
79 |
11 |
|
SATARA |
63 |
10 |
|
OSMANABAD |
61 |
11 |
|
JALNA |
52 |
10 |
|
SANGLI |
46 |
10 |
|
AMRAVATI+ |
45 |
11 |
|
SOLAPUR+ |
45 |
13 |
|
bombay+ |
31 |
10 |
|
YAVATMAL |
30 |
11 |
|
PUNE+ |
29 |
12 |
|
BHANDARA |
27 |
12 |
|
BEED |
25 |
13 |
|
WARDHA |
23 |
13 |
|
NASIK+ |
22 |
15 |
|
NAGPUR+ |
22 |
17 |
|
AKOLA+ |
11 |
11 |
|
GADCHIROLI |
11 |
13 |
|
THANE+ |
10 |
12 |
|
CHANDRAPUR |
8 |
12 |
|
AHMEDNAGAR |
5 |
8 |
|
SINDHUDURG |
5 |
8 |
|
RATNAGIRI |
4 |
7 |
|
JALGAON |
3 |
6 |
|
RAIGAD |
0 |
0 |
|
all maha |
45 |
|
|
<<dist, sort dd |
share in dd |
share/cru |
sh in popln |
diff dd-pop>> |
|
dhule+ |
12.5 |
3.0 |
3 |
9.5 |
|
LATUR |
11.7 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
9.6 |
|
mumbai+ |
11 |
3.6 |
16.2 |
-5.2 |
|
KOLHAPUR |
8.6 |
1.3 |
3.6 |
5.0 |
|
auragabad+ |
7.8 |
5.9 |
2.3 |
5.5 |
|
NANDED |
5.1 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
|
PARBHANI |
5 |
6.1 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
|
pune+ |
4.5 |
4.0 |
6.9 |
-2.4 |
|
SATARA |
4 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
1.1 |
|
BULDHANA |
3.9 |
5.1 |
2.3 |
1.6 |
|
solapur+ |
3.8 |
1.4 |
3.9 |
-0.1 |
|
SANGLI |
2.7 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
0.1 |
|
amravati+ |
2.6 |
5.1 |
2.6 |
0.0 |
|
nashik+ |
2.3 |
5.8 |
4.7 |
-2.4 |
|
OSMANABAD |
2 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
|
JALNA |
1.9 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
0.2 |
|
nagpur+ |
1.9 |
4.4 |
4 |
-2.1 |
|
thane+ |
1.6 |
3.1 |
7.5 |
-5.9 |
|
YAVATMAL |
1.6 |
5.1 |
2.4 |
-0.8 |
|
bhandara+ |
1.5 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
-0.9 |
|
BEED |
1.2 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
-1.0 |
|
akola+ |
0.7 |
6.9 |
2.6 |
-1.9 |
|
WARDHA |
0.6 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
-0.6 |
|
AHMEDNAGAR |
0.4 |
6.7 |
4.1 |
-3.7 |
|
CHANDRAPUR |
0.4 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
-1.7 |
|
GADCHIROLI |
0.2 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
-0.7 |
|
JALGAON |
0.2 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
-3.6 |
|
RATNAGIRI |
0.1 |
0.7 |
1.8 |
-1.7 |
|
SINDHUDURG |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
-0.8 |
|
RAIGAD |
0 |
0.4 |
2.2 |
-2.2 |
|
all maha |
100 |
100.0 |
100 |
0.0 |
The
map below shows the average no of dowry deaths in maharashtra
during 1995 to 1999
|
<district sort |
rate Rp 96 |
dd rate 95 |
|
GADCHIROLI |
515 |
23 |
|
AMRAVATI |
418 |
46 |
|
WARDHA |
402 |
17 |
|
BHANDARA |
359 |
27 |
|
CHANDRAPUR |
349 |
10 |
|
YAVATMAL |
304 |
22 |
|
NAGPUR. |
301 |
13 |
|
AURANGABAD |
194 |
305 |
|
AKOLA |
177 |
4 |
|
BULDHANA |
176 |
66 |
|
THANE |
153 |
9 |
|
SINDHUDURG |
140 |
0 |
|
PUNE |
135 |
59 |
|
JALNA |
134 |
89 |
|
SOLAPUR |
120 |
86 |
|
NASIK |
119 |
23 |
|
AHMEDNAGAR |
117 |
13 |
|
LATUR |
115 |
210 |
|
JALGAON |
114 |
6 |
|
BEED |
111 |
24 |
|
DHULE |
103 |
163 |
|
MUMBAI |
102 |
18 |
|
SATARA |
101 |
74 |
|
PARBHANI |
100 |
88 |
|
RAIGAD |
74 |
0 |
|
SANGLI |
74 |
58 |
|
NANDED |
71 |
119 |
|
OSMANABAD |
70 |
42 |
|
RATNAGIRI |
67 |
0 |
|
KOLHAPUR |
49 |
112 |
|
all maha |
154.6 |
50 |
|
<<dist,
sort dd |
share in dd |
share/cru |
|
|
dhule+ |
12.5 |
3.0 |
|
|
LATUR |
11.7 |
2.1 |
|
|
mumbai+ |
11 |
3.6 |
|
|
KOLHAPUR |
8.6 |
1.3 |
|
|
auragabad+ |
7.8 |
5.9 |
|
|
NANDED |
5.1 |
3.7 |
|
|
PARBHANI |
5 |
6.1 |
|
|
pune+ |
4.5 |
4.0 |
|
|
SATARA |
4 |
2.4 |
|
|
BULDHANA |
3.9 |
5.1 |
|
|
solapur+ |
3.8 |
1.4 |
|
|
SANGLI |
2.7 |
1.5 |
|
|
amravati+ |
2.6 |
5.1 |
|
|
nashik+ |
2.3 |
5.8 |
|
|
OSMANABAD |
2 |
1.0 |
|
|
JALNA |
1.9 |
2.7 |
|
|
nagpur+ |
1.9 |
4.4 |
|
|
thane+ |
1.6 |
3.1 |
|
|
YAVATMAL |
1.6 |
5.1 |
|
|
bhandara+ |
1.5 |
3.6 |
|
|
BEED |
1.2 |
2.9 |
|
|
akola+ |
0.7 |
6.9 |
|
|
WARDHA |
0.6 |
2.5 |
|
|
A’NAGAR |
0.4 |
6.7 |
|
|
CHANDRAPUR |
0.4 |
2.9 |
|
|
GADCHIROLI |
0.2 |
1.2 |
|
|
JALGAON |
0.2 |
4.7 |
|
|
RATNAGIRI |
0.1 |
0.7 |
|
|
SINDHUDURG |
0.1 |
0.2 |
|
|
RAIGAD |
0 |
0.4 |
|
|
all maha |
100 |
100.0 |
|
The line graph at Fig 5 shows how the total number of dowry deaths recorded all over the state has continuously declined. It is hard to believe that societal attitudes changed overnight or that the very fact of dowry deaths being monitored by the National Crime records bureau persuaded greedy in-laws into refraining from the crime. Or, was it the impact of the social pressure generated by women activists ? Partly, yes! A friend holding high rank in police had a different explanation. The crime of dowry death has to be
registered and investigated only by a very senior police official, not below the rank of inspector . Once registered, it is also more critically watched by higher officers. It attracts more flack by them than a murder would do. After the very first year, The thana incharges started finding it uncomfortable to register the dowry deaths and then face all questions of the seniors, hence, the decline in subsequent years. If correct, this analysis would be pointing to a very disturbing trend of suppression of facts.
The figures of dowry torture, however, tell a different story. The rate of dowry tortures is quite high in Marathwada , Nagpur and Amravati divisions. This, in a way, raises a doubt about the low figures of dowry death in the two latter divisions.
|
dist |
pop96 (000) |
Cruel 95 |
Cruel 96 |
Cruel 97 |
Cruel 98 |
Cruel 99 |
5 yr tot |
ave |
Rate/ crore |
Share /cru |
Share /pop |
diff |
Share / rate |
|
mumbai+ |
15000 |
435 |
222 |
234 |
284 |
292 |
1467 |
293 |
196 |
3.6 |
16.2 |
-12.6 |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINDHUDURG |
859 |
18 |
19 |
16 |
19 |
11 |
83 |
17 |
193 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
-0.7 |
0.6 |
|
RATNAGIRI |
1633 |
36 |
67 |
53 |
60 |
55 |
271 |
54 |
332 |
0.7 |
1.8 |
-1.1 |
1.0 |
|
RAIGAD |
2020 |
22 |
35 |
26 |
47 |
35 |
165 |
33 |
163 |
0.4 |
2.2 |
-1.8 |
0.5 |
|
thane+ |
6979 |
81 |
292 |
252 |
322 |
299 |
1246 |
249 |
357 |
3.1 |
7.5 |
-4.5 |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KOLHAPUR |
3295 |
93 |
101 |
107 |
102 |
114 |
517 |
103 |
314 |
1.3 |
3.6 |
-2.3 |
1.0 |
|
LI |
2422 |
137 |
110 |
132 |
126 |
117 |
622 |
124 |
514 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
-1.1 |
1.6 |
|
solapur+ |
3595 |
107 |
107 |
97 |
125 |
118 |
554 |
111 |
308 |
1.4 |
3.9 |
-2.5 |
1.0 |
|
SATARA |
2685 |
166 |
215 |
191 |
203 |
218 |
993 |
199 |
740 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
-0.5 |
2.3 |
|
pune+ |
6389 |
354 |
330 |
330 |
327 |
297 |
1638 |
328 |
513 |
4.0 |
6.9 |
-2.9 |
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nashik+ |
4384 |
515 |
456 |
426 |
502 |
464 |
2363 |
473 |
1078 |
5.8 |
4.7 |
1.1 |
3.4 |
|
dhule+ |
2818 |
255 |
225 |
200 |
262 |
263 |
1205 |
241 |
855 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
-0.1 |
2.7 |
|
JALGAON |
3515 |
273 |
462 |
388 |
378 |
393 |
1894 |
379 |
1078 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
0.9 |
3.4 |
|
A’NAGAR |
3757 |
614 |
579 |
482 |
536 |
529 |
2740 |
548 |
1459 |
6.7 |
4.1 |
2.7 |
4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
auragabad+ |
2161 |
441 |
480 |
477 |
511 |
475 |
2384 |
477 |
2206 |
5.9 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
7.0 |
|
JALNA |
1567 |
310 |
232 |
196 |
182 |
190 |
1110 |
222 |
1417 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
4.5 |
|
PARBHANI |
2400 |
598 |
569 |
544 |
440 |
328 |
2479 |
496 |
2066 |
6.1 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
6.5 |
|
NANDED |
2684 |
312 |
347 |
317 |
304 |
241 |
1521 |
304 |
1133 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
0.8 |
3.6 |
|
BEED |
2065 |
251 |
308 |
224 |
222 |
179 |
1184 |
237 |
1146 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
0.7 |
3.6 |
|
LATUR |
1907 |
139 |
174 |
193 |
161 |
184 |
851 |
170 |
893 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
|
OSMANABAD |
1419 |
77 |
82 |
102 |
77 |
80 |
418 |
84 |
589 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
-0.5 |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BULDHANA |
2106 |
494 |
507 |
452 |
389 |
250 |
2092 |
418 |
1987 |
5.1 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
6.3 |
|
akola+ |
2435 |
667 |
761 |
615 |
440 |
327 |
2810 |
562 |
2308 |
6.9 |
2.6 |
4.3 |
7.3 |
|
amravati+ |
2390 |
576 |
450 |
364 |
357 |
305 |
2052 |
410 |
1717 |
5.1 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
5.4 |
|
YAVATMAL |
2270 |
573 |
577 |
535 |
148 |
223 |
2056 |
411 |
1812 |
5.1 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
5.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bhandara+ |
2256 |
291 |
333 |
335 |
283 |
210 |
1452 |
290 |
1287 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
1.1 |
4.1 |
|
nagpur+ |
3718 |
480 |
478 |
342 |
162 |
326 |
1788 |
358 |
962 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
0.4 |
3.0 |
|
WARDHA |
1144 |
146 |
213 |
184 |
222 |
237 |
1002 |
200 |
1751 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
5.5 |
|
CHANDRAPUR |
1980 |
200 |
293 |
181 |
273 |
230 |
1177 |
235 |
1189 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
3.8 |
|
GADCHIROLI |
874 |
99 |
132 |
116 |
78 |
67 |
492 |
98 |
1126 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
all maha |
92726 |
8760 |
9156 |
8111 |
7542 |
7057 |
40626 |
8125 |
876 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
