AERIAL BOMBARDMENT
Countries bombed by the U.S. military during the past forty years: Korea, Guatemala, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Grenada, Libya, Panama, Iraq, Somalia, Yugoslavia, Kosovo, Tanzania, Sudan, and Afghanistan (did I miss any??)
Korea: The US dropped 454,000 tons of bombs on Korea during 1950-53.
Vietnam: One measurement of the total U.S. bomb tonnage dropped on Vietnam was 8 million tons (3-1/2 times WWII tonnage.) This amounted to 1,000 lbs. for every man, woman and child in Vietnam.
Laos: The Air Force carried out 580,000 missions against Laos. That breaks down to a planeload of bombs dropped every eight minutes, 24 hours a day, for nine years. According to the experts, the U.S dropped about 2 million tons of bomb in Laos, more than all of the bombs dropped during the World War II.
Cambodia: Was also extensively bombed during the same period: 539,129 tons.
Libya: The 1986 American bombings of two Libyan cities killed scores of civilians. The U.S. justified the air strikes on the grounds that they would prevent future Libyan-sponsored terrorism, an ironic justification given the subsequent event (downing of a PanAm flight over Lockerbie, Scotland.)
Iraq: During operation Desert Storm in 1991, the US dropped 60,000 tons of bombs on Iraq.
The bombing of Iraq has continued on a regular basis since then. Brigadier General John Rosa: "We've done that for the last 10 or 11 years and we'll continue to do that."
Afghanistan & Sudan: In August 1998, the United States bombed suspected terrorist bases in Afghanistan—originally built by the CIA--- in an effort to cripple Bin Laden’s movement. The U.S. simultaneously bombed a civilian pharmaceutical plant in Sudan under the apparently mistaken belief that it was developing chemical weapons that could be used by these terrorist networks.
Afghanistan: The only estimate I could find of US bombing during the 2001 Afghanistan War is 9,000 tons.

AIRPLANE BOMBING
On October 6, 1976, a Cuban airliner was bombed in mid-air, killing 73 passengers. It was done by a violent group of CIA-linked Cuban exiles who were connected with the Bay of Pigs and who went on to do similar things in El Salvador and Nicaragua. The alleged mastermind, Orlando Bosch, walks the streets of Miami today.

ASSASINATIONS
-Phoenix program: Created by the CIA in Saigon in 1967, Phoenix was a computer-driven program aimed at "neutralizing", through assassination, kidnapping, and systematic torture, the civilian infrastructure that supported the insurgency in South Vietnam. It was a terrifying "final solution" that violated the Geneva Conventions and traditional American ideas of human morality. There were more than 40,000 Vietnamese victims.
-Orlando Letelier, exiled Chilean diplomat and prominent critic of the CIA-backed Pinochet regime was torn to pieces by a car bomb on the streets of Washington DC. Assassin: DINA, the Washington-trained Chilean secret police.
-In 1961 and 1962 the CIA asked a mobster named John Roselli to go to Florida on its behalf to organize assassination teams of Cuban exiles who would infiltrate their homeland and assassinate Castro. Rosselli called upon two other crime figures, Sam Giancana, a mobster from Chicago, and the Costra Nostra chieftain for Cuba, Santos Trafficante, to help him. Giancana, using the name "Sam Gold" in his dealings with the CIA, was on the Attorney General's "Ten Most Wanted Criminals" list.
-A 1975 report of the Church Committee entitled "Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders" provides a rare inside account of how covert operations are planned and carried out--in this case, the CIA's attempt to assassinate Patrice Lumumba in the Congo in 1960. Lumumba, a popular politician considered pro-Soviet by U.S. policymakers, had briefly served as prime minister after the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in June of that year. According to the Senate report, "It is likely that President Eisenhower's...strong...concern about Lumumba...was taken by [CIA director] Allen Dulles as authority to assassinate Lumumba." CIA officials ordered a staff scientist (code- named "Joe") to prepare "toxic biological materials" that would "produce a disease...indigenous to that area [of Africa]" and to deliver the poison to the CIA station chief in Leopoldville, who was to assassinate Lumumba. But before the station chief could carry out his orders, Lumumba was captured by the forces of Joseph Mobutu, the U.S. supported nationalist leader who ruled as dictator for forty years, and delivered to his archenemies in Katanga, where he was murdered.

BIOTERRORISM
Cuba has been the most visible recipient of Washington's use of biological terror. The Cuban government has complained for decades that Washington was responsible for biological attacks against Cuban tobacco, sugar and livestock:
-1970: The US is caught seeding clouds over Cuba in an attempt to affect the sugar harvest. The project was part of a larger research plan called "The Cooling" which was intended to devise ways of manipulating the weather for political reasons.
-1971: African swine fever is introduced. The Cubans claim that the container transporting the virus came from Fort Gullick, a US military base in the Panama Canal Zone. Those involved in this attack have since testified to their part. The entire pig population of Cuba had to be slaughtered.
-1996: The thrips palmi plague. In October 1996, crew members of a Cubana flight saw a single-engine airplane
apparently spraying or sprinkling unknown substances some 30 kilometers south of Varadero. The flight was a fumigation aircraft model SAR, register n3093m, operated by the US State Department. The airplane had taken off from Patrick Air Force Base, bound for Grand Cayman. The Cubana pilot reported to flight control the release of unknown substances, in the form of a white or greyish mist, by the SAR airplane. On 12/18/96, the first signs of thrips plague appeared in Matanzas province. After a protest note on 2/12/97, the US Interest Section in Havana stated that the pilot had seen a Cuban commercial airplane flying below, and as he was not certain of having seen, "following caution and safety procedures," and with the purpose of securing a positive visual contact, the pilot used the "smoke generator" of his aircraft, in order to "indicate its location" adding that "the smoke vanished and no fluid was poured from the airplane." The SAR aircraft, register n3093m, is used by the State Department in the struggle against drug trafficking, to destroy crops. The aircraft utilizes two sprinkling systems: one for the use of aerosols and liquid particles and another for dropping solid particles. The investigations show the appearance of thrips palmi in Matanzas Province with the dropping, on 10/21/96, of an unknown substance. Protest note 6/29/97 to the UN.
-Fidel Castro: The several plots planned at CIA headquarters included treating a box of Castro's favorite cigars with a botulinum toxin so potent that it would cause death immediately upon being placed to the lips; concocting highly poisonous tablets that would work quickly when immersed in just about anything but boiling soup; contaminating a diving suit with a fungus guaranteed to produce a chronic skin disease called Madura foot and, through and intermediary, offering the suit as a gift to Castro; constructing an exotic seashell that could be placed in reefs where Castro often went skin- diving and then exploded at the right moment from a small submarine nearby; and providing an agent with a ballpoint pen that contained a hypodermic needle filled with the deadly poison Black-leaf 40 and had so fine a point it could pierce the skin of the victim without his knowledge.

CAR BOMBING
The most serious single bombing attack against a civilian target in the history of the Middle East was the March 1985 blast in a suburban Beirut neighborhood that killed 80 people and wounded 200 others. The attack was ordered by CIA director William Casey and approved by President Ronald Reagan as part of an unsuccessful effort to assassinate an anti-American Lebanese cleric, Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah.

COUNTERINSURGENCY WARS
Listen to your uncle or else. We know best.
Philippines 1946-55: The US, under CIA station chief Edward Lansdale, financed and directed a successful counterinsurgency war against the Hukbalahaps that included assasination and propaganda, and led to the installation of the government of Ramon Magsaysay. Lansdale later introduced many of these techniques in Vietnam.
Cuba 1961-64: Operation Mongoose pitted the covert forces of the United States against Cuba.
Vietnam 1964-1975: 165 billion dollars and two million deaths for what?
El Salvador 1980-1992. The US spent $6 billion fighting this war which took 80,000 Salvadoran lives.
Columbia 2000-2002. Since the year 2000 the US has provided $2 billion in military aid, American troops (limited by law to 400) and intelligence sharing to the Colombian military, interfering in a 40 year-old civil war.

COUPS
The future of any country is much too important to be decided by it's own inhabitants. It's a CIA speciality!
1950: ALBANIA. Overthrow government of Enver Hoxha. Unsuccessful.
1953: COSTA RICA. Overthrow government of Jose Figueres. Unsuccessful.
1953: IRAN. Overthrow Mossadegh government and install Shah Zahedi (with guarantee of access to Iranian oil for the US and Britain.) Successful
1954: GUATEMALA. Overthrow government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman. Successful.
1954: SOUTH VIETNAM. Install government of Ngo Dinh Diem. Successful.
1956: EGYPT. Overthrow Nasser government. Unsuccessful.
1956: SYRIA. Overthrow Ghazzi government. Aborted by Israeli invasion of Egypt.
1958: INDONESIA: the CIA sponsored a massive military overthrow to unseat Sukarno in 1958. Unsuccessful
1959: CAMBODIA. Assassinate Prince Norodum Shianouk. Unsuccessful.
1961: CUBA. Create/train/lead invasion force of Cuban exiles to overthrow Cuban government at Bay of Pigs. Unsuccessful.
1961-1963: CUBA. Six attempts to assassinate Fidel Castro. Unsuccessful.
1961: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Jose Velasco Ibarra. Successful.
1961: CONGO. Precipitate conditions leading to assassination of Patrice Lumumba. Successful.
1961: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Precipitate conditions leading to assassination of Rafael Trujillo. Successful.
1962-1964: BRITISH GUIANA. Organize labor strikes and riots to overthrow government of Cheddi Jagan. Successful.
1962-1964: BRAZIL. Organize campaign of labor strike/propaganda to overthrow government of Joao Goulart. Successful.
1963: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Overthrow government of Juan Bosch in military coup. Successful.
1963: SOUTH VIETNAM. Precipitate conditions leading to assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem. Successful.
1963: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Carlos Julio Arosemena. Successful.
1965: INDONESIA. Organize campaign of propaganda to overthrow Sukarno government, and precipitate conditions leading   to massacre of more than 500,000 members of Indonesian Communist Party. Successful.
1967: GREECE. Overthrow government of George Papandreou and install military government of Colonel George  Papadopolous after abdication of King Constantine. "The first successful CIA military putsch on the European continent." Successful.
1970: CAMBODIA. Overthrow government of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. Successful.
1970-1973: CHILE. Campaign of assassinations, propaganda, labor strikes and demonstrations to overthrow government of Salvador Allende. Successful.
1975: PORTUGAL. Overthrow government of General Vasco dos Santos Goncalves. Successful.
1975: AUSTRALIA. Prime-Minister Gough Whitlam was forced out of office in a "Constitutional coup" by the CIA because he was preparing to publicise secret CIA listening posts in Australia.
1976: JAMAICA. Military coup to overthrow government of Michael Manley. Unsuccessful.
1979: IRAN. Install military government to replace Shah and resist growth of Islamic fundamentalism. Unsuccessful.
1979-1980: JAMAICA. Financial pressure to destabilize government of Michael Manley, and campaign propaganda and demonstrations to defeat it in elections. Successful.
1979: AFGHANISTAN. Military aid to rebel forces and conservative mullahs to overthrow government of Hafizullah Amin. Aborted by Soviet intervention and installation of new government.
1979: SEYCHELLES. Destabilize government of France Albert Rene. Unsuccessful.
1980: GRENADA. Mercenary coup to overthrow government of Maurice Bishop. Successful.
1981: SEYCHELLES. Military coup to overthrow government of France Albert Rene. Unsuccessful.
1982: CHAD. Military assistance to Hissen Habre to overthrow government of Goukouni Oueddei. Successful.
1982: GUATEMALA. Military coup to overthrow government of Angel Anibal Guevara. Successful.
1982: BOLIVIA. Military coup to overthrow government of Celso Torrelio. Successful.
1982-1983: SURINAM. Overthrow government of Colonel Desi Bouterse. Three attempts in this period. Unsuccessful.
2002 VENEZUELA: US involvement in the unsuccessful coup against democratically elected President Hugo Chavez. The coup plotters met with US embassy staff shortly before the coup attempt.

DIRTY TRICKS
We've all heard about the exploding cigars that the CIA developed to kill Fidel Castro. During 1975-6, the U.S. Senate under Senator Frank Church investigated the CIA ("Church Committee Hearings") and uncovered a laundry list of horror stories.

HANDMAIDEN TO REPRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS
-Cuba: In 1956, the US created an anti-Communist police force, Buro de Represion Actividades Communistas (BRAC) under the hated Batista regime.
-Indonesia: Researcher Kathy Kadane quotes CIA and State department officials who admitted compiling lists of names of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) during the 1960's, making those lists available to the Indonesian military, and checking names off as people were "eliminated.'' The killings were part of a massive bloodletting after an abortive coup attempt taking, according to various estimates, between 250,000 and 1,000,000 lives and ultimately led to the assassination of President Sukarno and overthrow of his government.

SANCTIONS
Since 1991, U.S.-imposed sanctions on Iraq have resulted in the death of more than 1,000,000 Iraqis, including 500,000 children.

SECRET ARMIES/SECRET WARS
Burma 1949-1961. The US supported 12,000 Nationalist Chinese troops in Burma under General Li Mi as an incursion force into People's Republic of China.
Laos 1961-1965. The CIA's "secret war" in Laos went on for over a decade, involving a military force of 35,000 Hmong and Meo tribesmen and 17,000 Thai mercenaries in support of government of Phoumi Nosavan to resist Pathet Lao.

WARS OF TERROR
Remember the Contra War? The US spent five years and $12 billion terrorizing Nicaraguan peasants. The Contras—created, armed, and trained by Washington—were responsible for far more civilian deaths than all terrorist groups supported by all Middle Eastern countries combined.

WAR IS TERRORISM