Etruscan Alphabet

"The Etruscan alphabet is thought to have been developed from the Greek alphabet by Greek colonists in Italy. The earliest known inscription dates from the middle of the 6th century BC.

More than 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions have been found on tombstones, vases, statues, mirrors and jewelry. Fragments of a Etruscan book made of linen have also been found.

Most Etruscan inscriptions are written in horizontal lines from left to right, but some are boustrophedon (running alternately left to right then right to left).

Used to write: Etruscan, a language spoken by the Etruscans, who lived in Etruria (Tuscany and Umbria) between about the 8th century BC and the 1st century AD. Little is known about the Etruscans or their language."

Archaic Etruscan alphabet (7th-5th centuries BC)

Neo-Etruscan alphabet (4th-3rd centuries BC)

 

Latin Alphabets

"The Old Italic alphabets developed from the west Greek alphabet, which came to Italy via the Greek colonies on Sicily and along the west coast of Italy. The Etruscans adapted the Greek alphabet to write Etruscan sometime during the 6th century BC, or possibly earlier. Most of the other alphabets used in Italy are thought to have derived from the Etruscan alphabet."

Ancient Latin

"The earliest known inscriptions in the Latin alphabet date from the 6th century BC. It was adapted from the Etruscan alphabet during the 7th century BC. The letters Y and Z were taken from the Greek alphabet to write Greek loan words. Other letters were added from time to time as the Latin alphabet was adapted for other languages."

Faliscan

 

Marsiliana

 

Messapic

"The Messapic alphabet is thought to have derived directly from the Greek alphabet, rather than developing from the Etruscan alphabet. The only known inscriptions in the Messapic alphabet date from the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. The Messapic language was not related to other languages of Italy."

 

Middle Adriatic/ South Picene

 

North Picene

 

Oscan

 

Umbrian

 

Roman Alphabet for Latin

"The Romans used just 23 letters to write Latin. There were no lower case letters, and K, X, Y and Z used only for writing words of Greek origin. The letters J, U and W were added to the alphabet at a later stage to write languages other than Latin. J is a variant of I, U is a variant of V, and W was introduced as a 'double-v' to make a distinction between the sounds we know as 'v' and 'w' which was unnecessary in Latin."

 

Other Alphabets

But what other alphabets may have influenced runes? Remember that over the millennia there was a great migration of people, spreading from the birthplace of mankind, in the "middle east" to what are now Europe and northern Africa. Ancient people did travel--a lot--and long before the Vikings became known as explorers and traders.

 

Hungarian Runes

"Hungarian runes (Székely Rovásírás) are descended from the Kök Turki script used in Central Asia. They were used by the Székler Magyars in Hungary before István, the first Christian king of Hungary, ordered all pre-Christian writings to be destroyed. In remote parts of Transylvania however, the runes were still used up until the 1850s. Hungarian runes were usually written on sticks in boustrophedon style (alternating direction right to left then left to right). The runes include separate letters for all the phonemes of Hungarian and are in this respect better suited to written Hungarian than the Latin alphabet. "

 

Turkish Runes

The upper rune rows are the Elder Futhark variants. The lower rune row shows the Turkish Runes and their phonetic equivalents.

 

Tifinagh abjad

"The Tifinagh or Tifinigh abjad is thought to have derived from the ancient Berber script. [Berbers were mountain people, who lived in northwestern Africa, in what is now Morocco.] The name Tifinagh means 'the Phoenician letters', or possibly comes from the Greek word for writing tablet, 'pínaks'. It is not taught in schools, but is still used occasionally by the Tuareg for private notes, love letters and in decoration. For public purposes, the Arabic alphabet is used."

 

South Arabian Alphabet

"The South Arabian alphabet is known from inscriptions found in southern Arabia dating from between 600 BC and 600 AD. Its origins are not known. The South Arabian alphabet, like Arabic and Hebrew, includes only consonants. It was written from right to left in horizontal lines. The top row of letters are written in monumental style, while the bottom row of letters are in cursive style. "

 

Sabaean Alphabet

"The Sabaean or Sabaic alphabet is one of the south Arabian alphabets. The oldest known inscriptions in this alphabet date from about 500 BC. Its origins are not known, though one theory is that it developed from the Byblos alphabet. The Sabaean alphabet, like Arabic and Hebrew, includes only consonants. Unlike Arabic and Hebrew, Sabaean has no system for vowel indication. In most inscriptions it is written from right to left, in some it is written in boustrophedon style (alternating right to left and left to right). It was used to write Sabaean, an extinct Semitic language spoken in Saba, the biblical Sheba, in southwestern Arabia. The Sabaeans managed to unite southern Arabia into a single state by the 3rd century AD, but were conquered by the Abyssinians in 525 AD. "

 

 

Alphabet of the Genii

 

Also known as: Alphabet of the Celestial Language; Alphabet of the Angels; Celestial Writing. Each symbol in this alphabet relates to a particular genius. The name of this genius gives the corresponding symbol its phonetic value.  Each genius is also related to a particular geomantic figure. For ease of use, these are also included in the font. The alphabet is not case specific.

 

Agiel             a $             Nebak           n %

 

Belah             b +             Odonel          o  #

 

Chemor         c -             Paimel           p ,

 

Din                d *             Quedbaschemod q .

 

Elim              e (             Relah            r #

 

Fabas            f )             Schethalim     s /

 

Graphiel        g 0             Tiriel             t $

 

Hecadoth      h !             Vabam          u '

 

Iah                i /             Wasboga       W "

 

Kne               k &             Xoblah          X %

 

Labed           l '             Yshiel            Y ,

 

Mehod          M "             Zelah             Z .

 

 

The geomantic signs are mapped to the following keys: 

!                  ! (Puella)                            )              ) (Fortuna Major)

 

" (double quote) " (Amissio)                          *             * (Albus)

 

#                 # (Carcer)                            +             + (Tristitia)

 

$                 $ (Laetitia)                           , (comma)     , (Populus)

 

%                % (Via)                               - (hyphen)    - (Caput Draconis)

 

&                & (Cauda Draconis)                  . (full stop)   . (Conjunctio)

 

' (single quote)   ' (Puer)                              /              / (Aquisitio)

 

(                  ( (Fortuna Minor)                   0 (zero)       0 (Rubeus)

 

 

Angelic / Celestial

 

The Angelic script is a magical alphabet based on the Hebrew alephbeth.  It is not case specific. Capital and lower-case keys give the same character, except for the S and T keys.  Capital 'S' gives Shen, lower-case gives Samech; capital 'T' gives Theth, lower-case gives Tau.

 

Hebrew     Aleph     Beth        Gimel      Daleth    He           Vau         Zain        Cheth     Theth     Yod         Kaff

Key          a,A          b,B          g,G          d,D          h,H          f,F,u,U    z,Z           c,C          T             i,j,y          k,K

                                                                                                v,V,w,W

Glyph       a b  g  d h  v   z c T y k 

 

Hebrew     Lamed    Mem       Nun        Tau         Samech  Shen       Ayn        Pe            Zade       Quff        Resh

Key          l,L            m,M        n,N          t               s              S              e,E,o,O   p,P          x,X          q,Q          r,R

Glyph       l  m  n  t  s S e  p  x q r

 

 

Barddas Runes

 

This runic alphabet appears in the Welsh druidic text The Barddas.  Its 39 characters include sounds that have both single- and multiple-letter Latin alphabet equivalents. The single-letter equivalents are mapped to lower-case keys; multiple-letter equivalents and long vowels are mapped to upper-case keys. Included with the font are three separating marks and the pentagram glyph known as "The God-form in the pentagram", which is the symbol of the god Ang, constructed from the combination of the A and the Ng runes.

 

Sound       A             B             C             D             E              F              G             H             I               L              M

Key          a              b              c              d              e              f               g              h              i               l               m

Glyph       a b c d e f  g h i  l m

 

Sound       N             O             P              Q             R             S              T             U             V             W            X

Key          n              o              p              q              r               s              t               u              v              w             x

Glyph       n  o p  q r  s t u v  w x 

 

Sound       Y             Z                          Ch           Dd           Ę              Ff            Gh           Mh          Nh           Ô

Key          y              z              A             C             D             E              F              G             M            N             O

Glyph       y z A C  D E F  G M N O 

 

Sound       Ph           Rh           Th           Ű             Ng           Ngh

Key          P              R             T             U             I               H

Glyph       P R  T U I H

 

Extra symbols: 

Key          .               :               ;               *

Glyph       .  :  ;  *

 

Dagger Script 

Dagger Script is a coded alphabet based on the Latin alphabet.  It is not case specific.  I have supplied the extra symbols of an eight-point star, a large dagger, and a large double-hilted dagger.

 

A       a              N       n

B       b             O       o

C       c                P       p

D       d             Q       q

E       e             R       r

F       f            S       s

G       g               T       t

H       h                 U       u

I        i               V       v

J        j               W      w

K       k              X       x

L       l             Y       y

M      m             Z  z

 

Miscellaneous symbols added for beautifying your texts:

*        *            1        1               2        2

 

 

 

Enochian

from Pantheus' Voarchadumia 

This rather obscure magical alphabet is unrelated to the alphabet of the same name discovered by John Dee and Edward Kelly.There are characters corresponding to all the letters of the Roman alphabet, save J, V and W. There are also three extra characters for the sounds "Ch", "Ph", and "Th", which I have mapped to the upper-case keys C, P and T respectively.

 

Key          a,A          b,B          c              d,D          e,E           f,F           g,G          h,H          i,I,j,J        k,K          l,L

Glyph       a b c d e f g h  i  k  l

 

Key          m,M        n,N          o,O          p              q,Q          r,R           s,S           t               u,U,v,     x,X          y,Y

                                                                                                                                                V,w,W

Glyph       m n o p q  r s  t  u x y

 

Key         z,Z       C ("Ch")        P ("Ph")     T ("Th")

Glyph      z C P  T

 

 

 

Malachim

 

Malachim is a magical alphabet based on the Hebrew, that has had widespread use, and appeared in several slight variations.  This version is from Bartolozzi's Biblioteca Magna Rabbinica, 1675.  Malachim is not case specific. Capital and lower-case keys give the same character, except for the S and T keys.  Capital 'S' gives Shen, lower-case gives Samech; capital 'T' gives Theth, lower-case gives Tau.  An alternative letter-form for Samech is mapped to the dollar sign "$".

 

Hebrew     Aleph     Beth        Gimel      Daleth    He           Vau         Zain        Cheth     Theth     Yod         Kaph

Key          a,A          b,B          g,G          d,D          h,H          f,F,u,U    z,Z           c,C          T             i,j,y          k,K

                                                                                                v,V,w,W

Glyph       a b g  d h  v z c T y  k

 

 

Hebrew     Lamed    Mem       Nun        Samech  Ayn        Pe            Tzaddi    Quph      Resh       Shin        Tau

Key          l,L            m,M        n,N          s              e,E,o,O   p,P          x,X          q,Q          r,R           S              t

Glyph       l  m  n  t s  S e p  x  q r

 

Hebrew     Samech (alternative letter form)

Key          $

Glyph       $

 

 

Pictish Swirl Script

 

A variation on an old Pictish form of writing, used by the Pecti-Wita magical tradition.  It is non-case-specific, and based on the Latin alphabet.  Contains extra characters for Ch, Sh, Th, Gh, and Ng sounds, which are mapped to the capitals C, S, T, G, and N.  All other capitals have the same character as their lower-case equivalents.  A small circle (mapped to the hyphen) is commonly used to separate words, and a double circle (mapped to the colon) is used to end a sentence.

Ref: Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft, Raymond Buckland.

 

a, A   a               n        n

b, B   b                o, O   o

c        c                p, P   p

d, D   d                q, Q   q

e, E    e               r, R    r

f, F    f                s        s

g        g               t         t

h, H   h                u, U   u

i, I      i                v, V   v

j, J     j                w, W w

k, K   k                x, X   x

l, L     l               y, Y   y

m, M  m                z, Z z

 

C       C                S       S

T       T                G       G

N       N                N       N

 

Miscellaneous symbols added for beautifying your texts:

.         .              -        -

(full stop)                                 (hyphen)

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