Contents

1. The Art of Language Design      3
2. The Programming Language Spectrum        5
3. Why Study Programming Languages    7
4. Compilation and Interpretation                   9
5. An Programming Environments   14
6. An Overview of Compilation         15

• Lexical and Syntax Analysis                16
• Semantic Analysis and Intermediate Code generation           18
• Target Code Generation           22
• Code Improvement

1. Specifying Syntax: Regular Expression and Context-Free Grammars     32
   
   • Tokens and Regular Expressions33
   • Context-Free Grammars                           34
   • Derivations and Parse Tress                     36
   
   
2. Recognizing Syntax: Scanners and Parsers   39

• Scanning            40
• Top_Down and Bottom - up Parsing             48
• Recursive Descent                     51