Election of 1864- Republicans unanimously renominated Lincoln. The Democrats nominated General McClellan. McClellan strongly criticized Lincoln for the Emancipation of the slaves. Confedarate Constitution- Mostly a rewrite. Most of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution was incorporated into the CSA Constitution. The farmers tweaked it to fix what they though was wrong in the US const. Mobilization and Finance- the Confederacy issued currency to millions of Southerners, gambling that a Confederate victory would ensure the currency was redeemable. By the war's end, Confederate notes were worthless States rights and the Confederacy- Southenrers believed in states rights and the relative independence form one state to another. Foreign affairs- At the beginning of the war the South counted heavily on foreign intervention. It believed that European nations must have Southern cotton for their industries and that if necessary they would fight the North to get it. Military strategy, campaigns and battles- Jackson's Valley Campaign Peninsula Campaign Seven Days Northern Virginia Campaign Maryland Campaign Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Campaign Battle of Brandy Station Gettysburg Campaign Grant's Overland Campaign The Battle of New Market (Virginia) Early's Raid Richmond-Petersburg Campaign Sheridan's Valley Campaign Richmond to Appomattox, 1865 (the ap exam does NOT test military strategy) Confiscation Acts- were designed to liberate slaves in the seceded states. The first Confiscation Act, passed on Aug. 6, 1861, authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and it stated that all slaves who fought with or worked for the Confederate military services were freed of further obligations Emancipation Proclamation- It was Abraham Lincoln's declaration that all slaves in all states which had seceded from the Union and which had not returned to Federal control by January 1, 1863 would be emancipated Freedmen's bureau- was an agency of the government of the United States that was formed to aid distressed refugees of the United States Civil War, including former slaves and poor white farmers. It was fully operational only from June 1865 through December 1868 and was disbanded in 1872. Thirteenth amendment- January 31, 1865- Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Inflation and public debt- The south's economy was vastly destroyed bc of all the fighting and because of overinflation. The debt was then distributed among the citizens to ease the south's inflation. Role of Women- women served as nurses, vivandieres, sutlers, and as Union and Confederate soldiers, and even spies. Devastation of the south- Southern infrastucture was greatly damaged and the reconsctuction was established to help southreners get back on track and continue production. Changing labor patterns- slaves were steadily starting to work for a wage, but in many cases wages were so low and they were so ignorant that the slaves were still not free. Presidential plans: Lincoln and Johnson- Lincoln’s 10% Plan was a plan of FORGIVENESS. Amnesty to everyone, states could return if 10% of pop swore allegiance. Johnson's plan was harsher, established provisional governors. Civil rights and 14th amendment- 14th Amendment- anyone born in the United States is granted citizenship, it prohibited the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws military reconstruction- First Military District: Virginia, under Gen. John Schofield Second Military District: The Carolinas, under Gen. Daniel Sickles Third Military District: Georgia, Alabama and Florida, under Gen. John Pope Fourth Military District: Arkansas and Mississippi, under Gen. Edward Ord Fifth Military District: Texas and Louisiana, under Gen. Philip Sheridan and several others. Tens of thousands of U.S. military personnel were stationed in the U.S. Southern states to oversee the process of Reconstruction. Impeachment of johnson-Wide differences arising between the President and the Congress, a resolution for his impeachment passed the House of Representatives February 24, 1868. On March 5, 1868 a court of impeachment was organized in the United States Senate to hear charges against the President. African-American suffrage:the 15th amendment- The Fifteenth Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote, however in most southern state this right was blocked by state legislation and other African American suffrage opponents. Southern State Govt.- Compromise of 1877 and the end of reconstruction- The compromise stipulated that the South would acknowledge Hayes as President if the Republicans acceded to various demands, including: the removal of Federal troops from the former Confederate states (Troops only remained in Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida, but the Compromise finalized the process.) the appointment of at least one Southern Democrat to Hayes' cabinet (David M. Key of Tennessee was appointed Postmaster General.) the construction of a transcontinental railroad in the South legislation to help industrialize the South This compromise effectively ended Reconstruction