Name ____________________ # __________ Date ______________

Know the difference between climate (over a period of time) and weather (at one certain place and time).

Know how the sun heats the earth (direct rays of radiation heat) and how it is hottest at the equator.

Know the water cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and then accumulation.

Know the atmospheric layers and what happens in each:

Troposphere – weather occurs

Stratosphere – planes fly, Ozone layer

Mesosphere – meteors burn up in this layer

Ionosphere – Northern lights are produced and radio waves are reflected

Exosphere – outermost layer, satellites orbit in this layer

Know the different ways to protect yourself from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation:

Hats, sunglasses, sunscreen, clothing, etc.

Know that darker colored substances absorb heat more readily than lighter colored material, the 3 different ways heat is transferred, and example of each:

Conduction – direct contact

Convection – by movement through a liquid or a gas

Radiation – through waves

Know that hot air expands, is lighter than cold air, and hence rises

Know that high-pressure areas travel to areas of low pressure.

Know that a wind that consistently blows from one direction more than any other direction is a prevailing wind and they are named for the direction in which they come, not the direction in which they travel.

Know the different types of clouds:

Cirrus – thin wispy clouds made of ice crystals (mare’s tails) fair weather clouds

Cumulus – clumped, puffy clouds resembling cotton

Stratus – thick blanket-like clouds – fog is an example of a stratus cloud

Nimbus – rain/snow producing

Nimbostratus – thick gray blanket-like cloud producing precipitation

Cumulonimbus – clumped, puffy gray clouds producing precipitation

Know the following weather instruments and what they measure:

Thermometer: measures temperature

Barometer: measures atmospheric pressure

Know the following weather vocabulary:

Hurricane – a storm that develops over warm, ocean water producing high speed winds

Tornado – a funnel-shaped tube of rapidly moving wind that can cause severe damage