Nikola Tesla was an electrical inventor, and lived during the late 1800's
into the mid-1900's. He was a brilliant person, yet was an enigma to
practically everyone. Known for his eccentric lifestyle, Tesla nevertheless maintained
a rather high social profile, despite his prolific inventiveness. Some
of his phobias included pearl earrings worn by women,
never staying in a hotel room or floor whose number was divisable by
three, and insisting on a large number of napkins at every meal with
which he would meticulously polish his silverware. Tesla had a good
number of friends, one of which was Samuel Clemmons, also known
as Mark Twain.
Tesla's main claim to fame lay with his invention of the alternating
current motor. Tesla believed that alternating current was vastly superior
to (Edison's) direct current, but the problem was the lack of a practical motor.
Alternating current is practical because of the fact that it can be altered
or converted to suit a variety of situations. For example, if the voltage is
made quite high, then the current necessary for a specific level
of power is very low. This low current then becomes very efficient when
sending electrical power over very long wires. (This is the reason why
the power lines running across the countryside are at very high voltages.)
Tesla also worked with radio-frequency electromagnetic waves, and
despite the claims made by Marconi, actually did invent the idea of Radio
as we know it today. (There are numerous patents which bear this out.)
In working with radio waves, Tesla created the Tesla coil as a means to
generate and receive this form of energy.
Tesla went on to experiment with actual wireless transmission of electrical
power. In Colorado Springs, Colorado, he built a laboratory to develop this.
The Colorado Springs lab contained the largest Tesla Coil ever built, even
today. Called the 'Magnifying Transmitter', it was capable of generating some 300,000 watts of power, and
(reportedly) could produce a bolt of lightning 130 feet long. According to local acounts,
Tesla actually managed to successfully transmit about 30 to 50 thousand
watts of power without wires using the 'Transmitter'.
Tesla was also a great mechanical engineer, and patented dozens of
devices ranging from speedometers to extremely efficient electrical generators.
One unique device was his bladeless turbine. Instead of using fan-type
blades, Tesla's turbine utilized solid disks of metal, and relied on what
is called the 'boundry-layer effect'. His turbine ran on either compressed
air or steam, and was so efficient that a device held in the hand could
produce well over 10 horsepower! Today, this bladeless technology is
being used in a special type of non-clogging pump designed for the oil
industry. (In fact, the thicker the stuff it pumps, the more efficiently it
pumps it!)
Tesla had a knack for visualizing inventions in their final, finished form.
He also would envision a great many other ideas and concepts, which only
later in this century would come to pass. One such idea was the creation
of a large ring that would encircle the earth. Built on scaffolding, once
completed, the scaffolding would be removed, and the ring would remain
stationary. 20th century geosynchronous satellites work in a similar way.
Tesla was also responsible for a great many other inventions and devices
that we take for granted today. He postulated the ability to locate objects
in the air or in the ground by using radio waves. Today, we call it RADAR,
and when used to peer into the human body, MRI. Tesla also created radio-
control devices. His work with special gas-filled lamps set the stage for
the creation of fluorescent lighting.
Tesla eventually died, literally pennyless, on January 7th, 1943. It is
rather sad that a man who gave the world so much, received so little for
his efforts. History books have been unkind as well. Even today, many
texts still credit Marconi with the invention of radio, despite the
Supreme Court decision which overruled the Marconi patent, awarding it to Tesla. In
many parts of this country, people still refer to the electric utility as the 'Edison
Company', even though they use the Tesla-Westinghouse alternating
current system, NOT Edison's direct current. At the Niagra Falls power
generating station, a small statue of Tesla is purposely left unilluminated
at night. It has been said that Tesla is the Forgotten Father of
Technology. Tesla himself once commented "... The present is theirs.
(skeptics of the day) The future, for which I really worked, is mine." How true indeed.