Inference
Definitions taken from FOLDOC

The logical process by which new facts are derived from known facts by the application of inference rules.

Inference Rules

A procedure which combines known facts to produce ("infer") new facts.

For example, given that
  1. Socrates is a man and that
  2. all men are motal,
we can infer that Socrates is mortal.

Or given that,
  1. Either Denis is programming or Denis is sad and
  2. Denis is not sad,
we can infer that Denis is programming.