Introduction to Ethics Extra Credit Due May 3, 2007

Instructions: This assignment is worth up to 100 points. Each question is worth 4 points. In order to earn all these points, you must follow these instructions exactly. All answers must be typed in a standard font (such as Times New Roman) in black ink. Staple this sheet to the front. At the top of the page containing your answers, type your name, Phil 205 and your section number. For each question, type the number and the answer. You may have to reread some of our textbook in order to answer these questions. DO NOT email this assignment to me. You must print it out and bring it to class by May 3, 2007. No late assignments will be accepted.

1. Give an example of a normative statement

2. Ethics is the study of __________ and _____________.

3. True or False? Ethical Relativism is the view that there is objective right and wrong.

4. True or False? The diversity of moral views argument for ethical relativism says that there can't be objective right and wrong because cultures (and individuals) disagree about morality.

5. True or False? Objectivism is the view that there is objective right and wrong.

6. Psychological egoism is the view that people __________.

7. Ethical egoism is the view that people __________ always act in their own self interest.

8. True or False? Some people argue for ethical egoism by saying that, just like in business (economics), everyone would be better off if we each just took care of ourselves.

9. Utilitarianism is the view that the best act is one that produces the greatest _________ for the greatest _____________.

10. True or False? Intrinsic goods are things which are just good in themselves (pleasure, according to utilitarians)

11. Bentham believed that the _________ of pleasure was the only important thing, whereas, Mill thought that ____________ was also important.

12. Rule utilitarianism says that instead of calculating the pleasure each individual act would cause, we should instead consider the consequences of a ____________.

13. True or False? Kant believed that motive doesn't matter at all in calculating an act's moral worth.

14. The first formulation of Kant's categorical imperative says that we should act only according to that maxim that we can will to be _______________.

15. The second formulation of Kant's categorical imperative says that we should treat people always as _________ never as __________ only.

16. True or False? Natural law theory says that what is natural is morally right.

17. True or False? Natural Rights says that we have a right to those things that are essential to our functioning as humans.

18. Virtue ethics is the view that ______________ is the most important part of morality.

19. True of False? Aristotle thought that the virtue was always the extreme.

20. Passive euthanasia is __________________________.

21. Active euthanasia is _________________________.

22. The principle of double effect is a way to determine whether an act is right that has two forseeable effects, one ______ and one ___________.

23. True or False? Process (or procedural) justice says that all that matters is how much wealth the rich have compared to the poor.

24. True or False? End state justice says that the process whereby people get wealth is the most important consideration in wealth distribution.

25. John Rawls says that the only fair way to justly distribute wealth is to consider what is most fair using an imaginary device called _______________________.