This section will be lead by Glenn Ryan C. Cortes.
The Beginning of the Cold War, 1947-1948
The year 1947 was possibly the most important year in the post-War period because it brought the unveiling of the Truman Doctrine (March), the Marshall Plan (June), the formation of the Communist Information Bureau (September), and the establishment of complete Communist control over Eastern Europe. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the two superpowers engaged in a tense rivalry over systems and values that lasted nearly five decades and encompassed all countries on the globe.
For Bulgaria, the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty in February 1947 formally brought the Second World War to a close. Although Bulgaria did not lose any territory, the Soviet Union directed Bulgaria�s foreign and domestic policies through the Bulgarian Communist Party. Under such circumstances, relations with the U.S. were strained, particularly after the suppression of Bulgaria�s democratic, anti-Communist opposition. The most significant incident was the arrest and execution of the opposition Bulgarian Agrarian National Union party leader, Nikola Petkov, on false charges of treason. The U.S. protested this action by the Bulgarian government, but nonetheless, assigned an American diplomat, Donald Heath, to Bulgaria in September 1947.
So, what IS the Cold War?
The Cold War is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. The Cold War was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred - the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary and the Berlin Wall being just some. For many the growth in weapons of mass destruction was the most worrying issue.
Do note that USSR in 1945 was Russia post-1917 and included all the various countries that now exist individually (Ukraine, Georgia etc) but after the war they were part of this huge country up until the collapse of the Soviet Union (the other name for the USSR).
Logic would dictate that as the USA and the USSR fought as allies during World War Two, their relationship after the war would be firm and friendly. This never happened and any appearance that these two powers were friendly during the war is illusory.
Before the war, America had depicted the Soviet Union as almost the devil-incarnate. The Soviet Union had depicted America likewise so their �friendship� during the war was simply the result of having a mutual enemy - Nazi Germany. In fact, one of America�s leading generals, Patton, stated that he felt that the Allied army should unite with what was left of the Wehrmacht in 1945, utilise the military genius that existed within it (such as the V2�s etc.) and fight the oncoming Soviet Red Army. Churchill himself was furious that Eisenhower, as supreme head of Allied command, had agreed that the Red Army should be allowed to get to Berlin first ahead of the Allied army. His anger was shared by Montgomery, Britain�s senior military figure.
So the extreme distrust that existed during the war, was certainly present before the end of the war��..and this was between Allies. The Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin, was also distrustful of the Americans after Truman only told him of a new terrifying weapon that he was going to use against the Japanese. The first Stalin knew of what this weapon could do was when reports on Hiroshima got back to Moscow.
So this was the scene after the war ended in 1945. Both sides distrusted the other. One had a vast army in the field (the Soviet Union with its Red Army supremely lead by Zhukov) while the other, the Americans had the most powerful weapon in the world, the A-bomb and the Soviets had no way on knowing how many America had.
So what exactly was the Cold War?
In diplomatic terms there are three types of war.
Hot War : this is actual warfare. All talks have failed and the armies are fighting.
Warm War : this is where talks are still going on and there would always be a chance of a peaceful outcome but armies, navies etc. are being fully mobilised and war plans are being put into operation ready for the command to fight.
Cold War : this term is used to describe the relationship between America and the Soviet Union 1945 to 1980. Neither side ever fought the other - the consequences would be too appalling - but they did �fight� for their beliefs using client states who fought for their beliefs on their behalf e.g. South Vietnam was anticommunist and was supplied by America during the war while North Vietnam was pro-Communist and fought the south (and the Americans) using weapons from communist Russia or communist China. In Afghanistan, the Americans supplied the rebel Afghans after the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 while they never physically involved themselves thus avoiding a direct clash with the Soviet Union.
The one time this process nearly broke down was the Cuban Missile Crisis.