There are several drums that make up a taiko drum ensemble. The odaiko drum is the largest barrel-shaped drum in the ensemble. It usually ranges from around 30 inches in diameter to 5 feet or more. The odaiko usually sits on a tall stand and provides the thrilling deep pounding sounds. It is a physically demanding drum to play.
The chu-daiko is the middle size barrel-shaped drum. It is usually the lead drum playing the main rhythm. The chu-daiko can sit on a flat stand or an oblique stand. If the chu-daiko is sitting on a flat stand then the drummer is usually playing in the suwa style. If the chu-daiko is sitting in the oblique stand the drummer is usually playing in the sukeroku style. In a taiko ensemble there are normally several chu-daiko drums.
The smallest drum is the shime-taiko. It is a flat drum with a head diameter that is larger than the shell diameter. It can have either rope or bolt tuning. The shime-taiko has a high pitch sound and usually plays a fast repetitive beat. It can also be used as a solo instrument.
The hira-daiko drum is a double-headed frame drum. It can be any size ranging from under 12 inches in diameter to over 5 feet in diameter. A large hira-daiko can take the place of an odaiko drum since it is easier to transport. The hira-daiko is usually an accompaniment drum and not every taiko ensemble uses it.
Another percussion instrument that is seen in a taiko ensemble is the chappa. The chappa are small cymbals with a bright tone. They are usually played as accompaniment to the drums.
The atari-gane is a small metal gong that is usually played in a straight rhythm directly on the beat with a small mallet. It functions as the 'timekeeper' for taiko pieces.
Frequently the only non-percussion instrument in a taiko ensemble is the Japanese transverse flute or fue. It is normally made from bamboo and has a clear, high voice. The fue provides the melody accompaniment to the drum rhythms.