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United Nations

Working for progress

An increasingly important goal of UN is to help make the world a better, safer place in which to live. One way the UN works towarads this goal is by providing various types of aid for countries and different groups of people, UN also works for pregress in many other fields, including human rights, peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and pollution control.

Economic and technical aid consists of grants, loans, training programmes, and other means of helping nations develop thier resources, productions, and trade. After World War 2, the International Bank and the International Monetary Fund gave financial asistance to war-torn countries. But the amount of aid they could give was small compared with the amount needed. Most western European nations depended on the United States to help them recover from the war.

As more and more poor countries joined the Un, the organization began to help them. The resources of these countries are either undeveloped of have been developing slowly. Many such nations have become independant since WW2.

The UN dedicated the period from 1961 to 1970 as the first United Nations Development Decade. The UN's goal during this periood was to help the developing countries increase thier national income by 5% each year. The undustrialized nations were asked to donate 1% of thier yearly national income to the programme.

The first Development Decade did not meet all its goals, but some progress was made. The International Bank increased the number of and size of its loans for the construction of raods, factories, and similar projects. In 1964, the UN held a Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The main aim of the conference was to encourage international trade, especially between the rich, developed countries and the poor, developing ones. The conference set up a Trade and Development Board, and itself became a permanent organ of the GA. UNCTAD decides on courses of UN action concerning trade and development. The Trade and Federation Board carries out UNCTAD's decisions. The board meets at least twice a year to consider such matters as improving international shipping or helping the developing countries find markets for thier products.

In 1965, the UN combined its technical aid programmes to form the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The UNDP helps nations make studies of thier unused natural resources so they can find ways to use them.For example, it suggests ways for nations to make thier farms, mines, and water resources to be more seductive productive.The programme also helps people learn the skills needed to develop a country's natural resources. The UN has helped up to half a million (1993) men and women learn to manage, as well as work in industries that will benefit thier countries. In 1966, the GA set up the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) to encourage industrialization in developing countries.

Since the early 1970's, the UN has increased its efforts to expand international trade and to provide economic and technical assistance. It has also worked to help the developing countried regulate the growth of thier populations and to promote world disarment.

Human rights. In 1946, UN set up the Commission on Human Rights as part of ECOSOC. THe commission wrote the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which all members of the GA approved in 1948. This declaration expressed the hope that people would learn to respect the rights and dignity of others.

Racial problems have received more attention than any others brough before the UN. These problems---and those of colonialism and economic development---are the main concern of the Asian and African delegates, who make up the majority in the UN. In 1965, the GA approved a treaty called the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Descrimination. The treaty went into effect in 1969, after the governments of 27 nations had approved it. Similar UN treaties deal with slavery , rights of refugees, and the crime of genocide.

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