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Identifying Swine Breeds
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INSTRUCTOR: Christy Melton
UNIT TOPIC: Exploring the Livestock Industry
LESSON TITLE: Breeds of Swine
CLASS: AGSC 102 /3rd Period DATE BEST TAUGHT Fall (3rd six weeks)
TEKS: 119.13c.4c
TEACHING PROCEDURES---Preparation, Presentation, Application, Evaluation
Preparation (Interest Approach/Motivator) Anticipated # of Minutes
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Key Points |
Methods 4 minutes |
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1. Link Show a slide of 4 different breeds of dogs and ask the class to name each dog based on their breed. (Lab, Bulldog, etc)
2. Motivation How many of you know what a breed is? Did you know that every animal is part of a breed? Did you know that certain breeds have special genetics and even traits? Why is each breed different and what makes each important? Who likes bacon, sausage, ham, and even pork chops? (Lead the discussion into the swine industry and the importance of different breeds)
3. Overview- Be Prepared to…… -Determine the major swine traits. -Visually identify the eight main breeds of swine based on physical characteristics such as color, size, structure etc. -Identify the characteristics of the common breeds of swine based on origin and appearance.
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-Oral Questions
-Teacher Led Discussion
Review Major Objectives
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Key Points |
Methods 30 minutes |
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We will begin our journey with a brief overview of the swine industry. How it affects us and the importance of breeds.
The material about to be given will strike the attention of the students and lay the foundation for a more exciting learning experience.
Pork is the world’s most widely eaten meat…
The US has over 290 billion hogs. WOW!
Did you know there are this many Swine Products? Pork Chops, Pork Roast, Bacon, Ham, Sausage, Hot Dogs, Medicine, Heart Valves, Insulin, Chalk, Weed Killers, Fertilizer, Cosmetics, Floor Wax, Crayons, Antifreeze, Glass, China, Adhesives, Glass, China, Plastics, Shoes, Paint and Chewing Gum.
The majority of hogs are produced in the Corn Belt states. The cause of this is because of the amount of grain (mainly corn) produced there. These states include Iowa, North Carolina, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Kansas and Ohio. Iowa is the leader in swine production. They currently carry over 27% of the US market.
Many hogs today are raised on a vertically integrated farm. This means that all phases of the production standpoint are owned by one company. Most farms today sell their pigs on a contract. Explain how a contract can benefit the producer as well as the consumer based on price.
Are you ready to learn about the eight major breeds in the US? Well I am! But first let’s break the breeds into the main two categories that distinguish the breeds. The two categories are: Terminal and Maternal.
We will begin with the Maternal Breeds. Maternal represents “mothering ability.” Maternal Breeds
Landrace- Originated in Denmark Solid white with large, drooping ears Prolific Extra Rib, (longer body) Milking Ability Mothering Ability
Chester White- Originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania Solid white with drooping ears High Conception Rate Mothering Ability
Yorkshire- Originated in England Solid white with erect ears, occasional freckles “The Mother Breed” Large Litter size Good Growth and Feed Efficiency
Next are the terminal breeds. These breeds are bred and selected based on the market ability.
Terminal Breeds
Berkshire- Originated in England Black with 6 white points (4 legs, tail, and snout) Erect Ears High Quality (Color and Marbling) ABA’s 100% Pure Berkshire Pork Program- Japan is largest importer.
Duroc- Originated in England Red with drooping ears Known for Growth(very high rate of gain) Feed Efficiency Good Carcass
Hampshire- Originated in England Black with white belt (Oreo) Erect Ears Feed Efficiency Lean, High Quality Carcasses Heavy Muscled
Poland and Spotted Poland China- Both Developed in Indiana and Ohio
Poland: Droopy Ears Six Black Points Low Back Fat Large Loin Eye
Spotted Poland China: Droopy Ears Spotted Color 20% of body is white Carcass Hog
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Teacher Led Discussion
Interesting Facts! Begin the day with an E Moment. The *E Moment that I have chosen to begin the day is “Me, You, Us Moment.” This will give the students a better feeling of the class. They can feel comfortable about expressing their thoughts and ideas about a topic.
Show a slide of the corn belt states.
Show a slide of a vertically integrated farm…and explain why it is beneficial to the swine industry.
Teacher Led Discussion
Inform students to take notes
What is prolific? Large number of pigs born
So what exactly is “mothering ability?” It is the how well a sow takes care of her piglets. The females’ protection of her young as well as the amount of milk produced.
What is a terminal breed? A terminal breed bases much emphasis on the market traits such as muscling, marbling, etc.
This is all of the breeds that we will discuss, however there are many more.
These two types are extremely similar, but not exact. Be sure to describe the differences.
Also…explain why crossbreeding is so popular and how it can benefit the industry. Include a picture of a crossbred hog. |
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Key Points |
Methods 10 minutes |
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Since we have now discussed the 8 major breeds, we will now break off into groups of three. Each group will be given a breed. You assignment is to use a post-it note and marker to describe and draw the breed you are given. Also the pig and use the appropriate colored markers.
At the end of this assignment, each group will present their work to the class.
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*E-Moment – Little Professor. The Students will break into small pairs and teach each other the information that was recently provided.
This will be a great review for the quiz.
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Key Points |
Methods 5 minutes |
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As Promised….Quiz! -Pass out the quiz -5 minutes to complete quiz
Review Objectives of the Day…..
-Determine the major swine traits. -Visually identify the nine main breeds of swine based on physical characteristics such as color, size, structure etc. -Identify the characteristics of the common breeds of swine based on origin and appearance.
References |
Teacher Led Discussion
Any Questions about Breeds?
Review & Lead into Tomorrow’s Discussion |
REFERENCES:
TEKS Manual and Catalog, IMS.
Lesson Plan Discussion
The topic of the lesson that I plan to teach is swine breeds. After discussing ideas and thoughts with my cooperating teacher, we decided that this would be the best choice. I will be presenting this lesson during the middle of November to the high school AGSC 101 class consisting of mostly freshman.
I began the lesson with a few questions for the students. I will be asking them things like “What is a breed?” “Did you know that all animals are categorized into a breed” and “How many of you have a special dog that is known for certain traits?” I feel that these questions will begin the lesson with and hopefully spark the students’ interest. I then will lead them into some interesting swine facts. These facts will lay a foundation for the students of a very basic knowledge of swine. Some of the facts are very exciting like all of the products we make from swine. So hopefully this will keep their attention. From there, I will begin breaking down the two main types of swine characteristics. These are terminal and maternal breeds. I will inform the class of the importance of the two categories and then dissect further into the actual breeds. I will explain that there are eight major breeds that we will discuss in class however there are many more we will not touch upon. While discussing the breeds I will have a power point running with pictures and visual images of the pigs so that the students will be able to distinguish the differences.
I incorporated two of the E-Moments into the lesson for reassurance of classroom understanding. The two E Moment that I chose are (1) Little Professor and (2) Me, You, US. The Little Professor moment was designed for the students to be able to interact and teach each other things. The Me, You, Us E-Moment was designed to allow the class to feel comfortable during the discussion. It will also allow the students to open up and express their feeling about the different breeds.
I will give a brief overview of the breeds at the end of the discussion followed by a quiz. The quiz is four questions and will help the students remember what they have learned. My concerns in teaching this lesson are keeping the students interest. I feel that it should be relatively easy as long as I stay enthusiastic and excited about what they are learning. I am excited about teaching this lesson and look forward to working with the students.