SUMMARY :
The UNO (United Nation’s Organization) is a world body. It came into existence on the24th October 1945, six months after, its Charter was signed by the representatives of fifty one nations of the world who had gathered in San Francisco.
Among the aims set forth in the United Nation Charter a few important ones are:-
1. To maintain international peace and security.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations.
3. To co-operate internationally in solving economic social cultural and political problems.
4. To promote consideration for human rights.
5. To root out social evils like poverty illiteracy disease starvation and political and social injustice etc.
In short the united nation’s “ family” of organization promotes global cooperation in many fields. The specialized agencies and bodies of United Nations work continuously towards the goal of development.
ORGANS OF UNO:- This international organization is a family of specialized agencies and UN bodies. A few important ones are mentioned below.
1. The General Assembly: It is the central and chief organ of U.N where every member nation is represented. In each session five delegates of the member nations can participate but they have only one vote. The General Assembly in each session elects its own President. The General Assembly may consider any issue, which leads to the advancement of peace, happiness, and justice in the world.
2. The Security Council: It consists of fifteen members. Five of them are permanent members. They are China, France, England, Russia, and America. The remaining members are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years. The Security Council gives decisions on all important issues. These decisions have to be approved by all the five permanent member nations. If any one of them differs and says “NO” by using the power of Veto the matter is then dropped.
3. Economic and Social Council: This organ of UNO provides economic assistance to the under developed and developing nations of the world.
4. Trusteeship Council:- In the organization any backward or under developed country which has no proper Government of its own is given in the trust of some other nation. For instance Namibia for its independence was given to South Africa.
6. The UNO Secretariat: This is the most important organ of the United Nations Organization. Its headquarter is in New York. It consists of a staff of three and a half thousand employees.
7. The Secretariat prepares reports on all meetings and keeps a record of the work done by UNO. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary General who is elected after every five years.
Apart from these organs there are a few specialized agencies of UN.
Thus the UNO is an active body, which has been continuously working for peace and better tomorrow.
QUESTION & ANSWERS
Q1. When was the United Nations Organization founded and briefly tell what inspired its foundation.
Ans. The United Nations Organization was founded in April 1945. What inspired its foundation was the universal desire for peace. People all over the world were disgusted with the miseries brought about by the Second World War.
Q2. How successful has the United Nations Organization been, so far, in preventing local wars?
Ans. The UN has not been very successful in preventing local wars. But after all, peace making is not an easy task.
Q3. What part of the work of the United Nations appears, so far to have yielded the most promising results?
Ans. The work of the UN in solving social and economic problems has yielded the most promising results.
Q4. What are the most important differences between the General Assembly and the Security Council?
Ans. The General Assembly consists of all members of the United Nations. Each nation has one vote though it can send up five delegates.
The General Assembly elects its own president for each meeting. The Security Council is like the Cabinet of the General Assembly. It has only eleven members. Six of them are elected for two years term, three each year. The other five viz USA, USSR, UK, France and
Nationalist China are permanent members. Each of these five has a veto power. This means that if it says ‘no’ to an issue, in the Council it will be dropped from discussion for the time being.
Q5. What is the designation of the Chief officer of the United Nations for how long he is appointed?
Ans. The Chief Officer of the U.N.O is called the Secretary General. He is appointed for a five-year term and is elected by the General Assembly with approval of the Security Council.
Q6. How large a staff is employed by the Secretariat and where does it work?
Ans. The UN Secretariat has about 3,500 persons on its staff. They work under the Secretary General. They are drawn from various nations but do not work there as the representatives of their respective nations.
Q7. What is the function of the International Bank?
Ans. The International Bank advances loans to member nations implementing development projects.
Q8. What do the initials W.H.O stand for, and what is the function of the organization?
Ans. the initial W.H.O stands for the World Health Organization. This specialized agency of the UN advises member nations on the control of disease.
Q9. What do the initials F.A.O stand for?
Ans. The initials F.A.O. stand for Food and Agriculture Organization. This is also is specialized agency of the UN. It advises member nations on the ways stepping up agriculture product.
Q10. What is the function of UNESCO?
Ans. The function of the UNESCO is to advance education, science, and culture in order to promote human - welfare.