PREREQUISITE BACKGROUND INFORMATION
(Compiled by Chris B. Evans; a document in progress)
FOREWORD
Before the country we now know as “The United States of America” (USA) came to be established, it existed as the larger part of what we refer to as the continent of North America. Before the proliferation of visits, colonization efforts (and various exploits by parties originating predominately from Europe), the territory was largely inhabited by tribes of aboriginal Native Americans. Since those days, there have always been political attempts to sway and control the interests of that newly formed country—USA—either by individuals or collectives, not loyal to this country. This disclosure series is written in behalf of the true patriots of the United States of America.
This document and its related project should, in no wise, be construed to present all of the facts and finer details of the subject matter—whether secret or public knowledge. To do so would cross into to some quite technical subject areas while, similarly, representing an enormous volume of information and text. We offer a further note in that the true interests of this country and its people are not solely represented by a given individual, political party, or commercial interest—in the long view.
UFO DISCLOSURE PREVIEW
For those who are not yet aware, there is an ongoing concerted effort to facilitate “disclosure” regarding the issue of “UFOs” [used here, only as a convenient term]. We will not, at this time, address ‘who’ or ‘what’ auspices of the establishment are behind such a disclosure, while we note that the popular connotation behind ‘government’ can be somewhat misleading, since there are many departments and agencies within the government itself, and notable business interests that perform contracts for its various needs.
Likewise, some departments are more cooperative and interested in disclosure than are others, depending upon the nature of individual integrity, external input, or political sway [in light of the mechanism of such notions, as viewed throughout the ages].
With that said, it becomes somewhat of a challenge to the layman, to actually understand the intricate interests and interactions that exist among the various departments, including the office of the presidency and its relation to the bulk of governmental agencies and departments. When it comes to the issue of UFOs, and what related sentient entities, we feel that it is pertinent to provide somewhat of a backdrop, toward identifying at least the principle departments who have been involved or interested in the subject, along with handling various documents and reports.
For that reason, the following brief descriptions are provided. As a side note, those descriptions appearing with quotes are drawn directly from government sources, or as provided by such sources to record archives or public domain encyclopedic auspices.
THE WAR DEPARTMENT (early Army)
Sometimes referred to interchangeably as the “army” during the foundational years of the USA, this is the original branch and body of the government, responsible for military affairs, officially founded in 1789.
THE EARLY NAVY
The Department of the Navy was established under an act, April 30, 1798, emerging from the Board of Admiralty (founded, 1780), making it distinct and somewhat self-managed, apart from the War Department.
FORMATION OF AIR FORCE
“The Department of the Air Force, an agency of the Department of Defense, was established on September 18, 1947, pursuant to provisions of the National Security Act of the previous July 26. On September 26, 1947, by order of the Secretary of Defense, personnel of the Army Air Forces (AAF) were transferred from the Department of the Army (formerly the War Department) to the Department of the Air Force and established as the United States Air Force (USAF). As this action shows, the Air Force can claim lineal antecedents long predating the 1947 act.” [1]
THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL (NSC)
“The National Security Council was established by the National Security Act of 1947 (PL 235 - 61 Stat. 496; U.S.C. 402), amended by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 579; 50 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). Later in 1949, as part of the Reorganization Plan, the Council was placed in the Executive Office of the President.” [2]
(NSC) MEMBERSHIP AND DIRECTION
“The National Security Council is chaired by the President. Its regular attendees (both statutory and non-statutory) are the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the statutory military advisor to the Council, and the Director of Central Intelligence is the intelligence advisor. The Chief of Staff to the President, Counsel to the President, and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy are invited to attend any NSC meeting. The Attorney General and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget are invited to attend meetings pertaining to their responsibilities. The heads of other executive departments and agencies, as well as other senior officials, are invited to attend meetings of the NSC when appropriate.” [2]
NATIONAL MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT (Department of Defense)
“On July 26, 1947, Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, which set up the National Military Establishment to begin operations on September 18, 1947, the day after the confirmation of James V. Forrestal as the first Secretary of Defense. The Establishment was later renamed the Department of Defense on August 10, 1949 and the secretary was given greater authority over the military departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
“It is based in The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia near Washington, D.C.. It was created by combining the War Department (founded in 1789) with the Navy Department (founded in 1798; formerly the Board of Admiralty, founded in 1780). The department was formed in order to reduce interservice rivalry which was believed to have reduced military effectiveness in World War II. [3]
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY (NSA)
(Formerly, Armed Forces Security Agency)
“The predecessor of the NSA, the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA), was established within the Department of Defense, under the command of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on May 20, 1949. The AFSA was to be responsible for directing the communications and electronic intelligence activities of the military intelligence units - the Army Security Agency, Naval Security Group and the Air Force Security Service. However, the agency had little power and lacked a centralized coordination mechanism. After an extensive study authorized on 13 December 1951, the NSA was created in June 1952.” [4], [5]
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)
“The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the United States of America's foreign intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the US government. During the Cold War it was also the agency responsible for many attempts to depose foreign governments suspected of Communist ties, such as the plot to overthrow left wing Arbenz government in Guatemala in 1954, financing of the failed attempt to invade Cuba by Cuban exiles at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, and the employment and training of assassins.
“The Agency, created in 1947 by President Harry S Truman, is a descendant of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) of World War II. The OSS was dissolved in October 1945 but William J. Donovan, the creator of the OSS, had submitted a proposal to the President in 1944. He called for a new organization having direct Presidential supervision, "which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelligence material collected by all government agencies." Despite strong opposition from the military, the State Department, and the FBI, Truman established the Central Intelligence Group in January 1946. Later under the “National Security Act of 1947 (which became effective on September 18, 1947) the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established.
“In 1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act was passed, permitting the agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures and exempting it from many of the usual limitations on the use of federal funds. The act also exempted the CIA from having to disclose its "organization, functions, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed." Some critics have charged that this violates a provision of the U.S. Constitution that the federal budget be openly published.
“The activities of the CIA are largely undisclosed. Like other intelligence agencies, it collects information from a variety of sources, the vast majority probably being public information in the countries concerned, but also from individuals who for various reasons including bribes, blackmail, and ideology, decide to pass otherwise secret information to the CIA. It also undoubtedly makes use of the surveillance satellites and signal interception capabilities of the NSA, including the Echelon system, and the surveillance aircraft of the various branches of the US armed forces. At one stage, the CIA even operated its own fleet of U-2 surveillance aircraft. [5]
ECHELON (Intelligence Gathering Network)
“ECHELON is a name for what is believed to be one of the largest spy networks in history. According to some sources it can capture nearly every telephone call, fax and e-mail message sent anywhere in the world. There are estimates that ECHELON intercepts up to 3 billion communications every day. The participating countries of the network are the United States, the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
“The US-only program of ‘Total Information Awareness’ relies on technology similar to ECHELON, and may integrate the extensive sources it is legally permitted to survey domestically, with the 'taps' already compiled by ECHELON.
“Allegedly created solely to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its East Bloc allies, today ECHELON is believed to search for hints of terrorist plots, drug-dealers' plans and political and diplomatic intelligence. But some critics claim the system is also being used for commercial theft and invasion of privacy on a staggering scale.
“All members of the English-speaking alliance are part of the UKUSA intelligence alliance that has maintained ties since the World War II. Various sources claim that these states have positioned electronic-intercept stations and deep-space satellites to capture most radio, satellite, microwave, cellular and fibre-optic communications traffic. The captured signals are then processed through a series of supercomputers, known as dictionaries, that are programmed to search each communication for targeted addresses, words, phrases or even individual voices.
“Individual states in the UKUSA alliance are assigned responsibilities for monitoring different parts of the globe. Canada's main task used to be monitoring northern portions of the former Soviet Union and conducting sweeps of all communications traffic that could be picked up from embassies around the world. In the post-Cold War era, a greater emphasis has been placed on monitoring satellite and radio and cellphone traffic originating from Central and South America, primarily in an effort to track drugs and thugs in the region. The United States, with its vast array of spy satellites and listening posts, monitors most of Latin America, Asia, Asiatic Russia and northern China. Britain listens in on Europe and Russia west of the Urals as well as Africa. Australia hunts for communications originating in Indochina, Indonesia and southern China. New Zealand sweeps the western Pacific. [5]
THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)
“The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). Title 28, United States Code (U.S. Code), Section 533, which authorizes the Attorney General to ‘appoint officials to detect... crimes against the United States,’ and other federal statutes give the FBI the authority and responsibility to investigate specific crimes. At present, the FBI has investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.
“‘The FBI originated from a force of Special Agents created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt...’” At first it was named the Bureau of Investigation (BI) and it did not become the FBI until 1935. [5]
Notes/Sources:
[1] Air Force History Support Office www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/
[2] The White House www.whitehouse.gov
[3] United States Department of Defense www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pentagon/ [5]
[4] National Security Agency www.nsa.gov/ [5]
[5] GNU Encyclopedic www.wikipedia.org/
(First draft of the above document: July 4, 2003, by Chris B. Evans)
Copyright © 2003 by Chris B. Evans
All Rights Under Law Are Reserved