Holocaust Notes
What is the Holocaust and why did it happen?
When did the Holocaust start?
I. What Is the Holocaust? Was the killing of the European Jews by the Nazis during the second World War. II. Why were the Jews hated? The Jews were hated because of Germany's loss in World War 1. Hitler blamed the Jews because he thought they were the reason for Germany's loss. III. Germany's Economic Disparity Treaty of Versailes The Economy was extremely poor after WWI. Basic Needs were NEEDED (milk and food) because people were so poor so they ended up using their life savings. The threat and rise of communism. Germany's looking for an answer to their despair. Political mismanagement. IV.Adolf Hitler Hated the Jews and blamed them for Germany's loss in WWI. Wanted to eliminate all Jews in the world. New Ideas *Jews as scapegoats. *Desire for the perfect "Aryan" race. *Mein Kampf- Social Darwinism Built concentration camps to eliminate the Jews once and for all!
The Holocaust had started in 1939 to 1945. By 1945, 6 million Jews had been murdered from the Nazis concentration camps.
A List Of Concentration Camps
Why were the Jews hated on?
Austria: Mauthausen (49 sub-camps and external kommandos) Aflenz Redl-Zipf (code name Schlier) Amstetten (two camps: one for male and one for female inmates) Bachmanning Bretstein Dippoldsau Ebensee Ebelsberg (subcommando of Linz III) Eisenerz Enns Florisdorf (=Wien-Florisdorf and Wien-Jedlesee) Grein Grossramming Gunskirchen Gusen I, II (St. Georgen), III (Lungitz) (Hartheim) not a sub-camp of Mauthausen, but many inmates of Mauthausen and Dachau had been gassed in Hartheim. Hinterbr�hl Hirtenberg Klagenfurt Kleinm�nchen (subcommando of Linz III) Leibnitz Lind Lenzing Linz I, II, III Loibl- Pass Nord Loibl- Pass S�d (ex-Yugoslavia) Melk Mittersill Passau I - Waldwerke Passau II Peggau St. Agyd St. Lambrecht St. Valentin Steyr Ternberg V�cklabr�ck=Wagrain Wels Wien Afa- Werke Wien Saurer-Werke Wien-Schwechat Wien Sch�nbrunn Wiener Neudorf Wiener Neustadt Belgium: Breendonk (no sub-camp known ) Croatia: Czechoslovakia: Theresienstadt (9 sub-camps) Bohusovice Kopisti Litomerice-Radobylberg Litomerice Lovosice (Sputh factory and an oil factory) Nestemice Terezin (Plavy mill) Usti (Schicht factory) Zalhostice Estonia: Vivara Finland: Kangasjarvi Koveri France: Argeles Aurigny Brens Drancy Gurs Les Milles Le Vernet Natzweiler-Struthof (70 sub-camps and external kommandos) Asbach Auerbach-Bensheim Baden-Baden Bad-Oppenau Balingen Bisingen Dautmergen Dortmettingen Erzingen Frommern Schomberg Schorzingen Wuste Zepfenhan Bernhausen Bingau Bischofsheim * Calw Cernay Cochem Cochem Treis Colmar Darmstadt Daudenzell Dautmergen Donauwiese Echterdingen Ellwangen Ensingen Fracfort/Main (Adler ) Frommern Geisenheim (Krupp) Geislingen Goben Gross-Sachesenheim Guttenbach Hailfingen Haslach Heilbronn Heppenheim Hessenthal Iffezheim Iffezheim - Baden Oos-Sandweiller Kaisheim Kochem Kochemdorf Leonberg Longwy-Thiel: ""Very few people ever heard of the Thiel-Longwy concentration camp in north-eastern France, Alsace, close to Luxembourg, and the ex-Maginot line. Four kilometers inside the Chantier de Fer in Thiel was a V2 rocket factory. The camp was four kilometers outside the city, close the ex-German border. Five hundred Hungarian machinists brought in from Auschwitz-Birkenau worked in the factory. The camp was functional between May-October 1944. After 16 kilometers of marching, eight hours of work, the prisoners had to carry heavy rocks for about a half mile, with the only purpose to further deplete their "elan de vivre.' The insufficient calories provided for that amount of work killed many prisoners. In October 1944, a few minutes before the US army liberated the camp, the prisoners were transfered from Thiel to Kochendorf, Germany. While the train passed above, US Sherman tanks entered the camp below, only a few kilometers away. At the same time, the US Army also liberated the Strutthoff camp." (Thanks to George Liebermann for this information via the web site http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Holocaust/cclist.html ) Mannheim Metz Mosbach Neckarelz I et II Neckarelz Bad Rappenau Neckargerach Neckargartach-Heilbronn Neckargerach Unterschwarsach Neunkirchen Oberehnheim-Obernai Obrigheim Peltre Plattenwald Rothau Saint-Die Sainte Marie aux Mines Sanhofen (Daimler-Benz) Sandweier Schirmeck Sch�nberg Sch�rzingen Schwabisch-Hall Spaichingen Tailfingen Urbes Wesserling Vaihingen-Enz Vainhingen/Unterriechinegn Wasserralfingen Weckrieden Wasserling Zuffenhause (Heinkel) No� R�c�b�dou Rieucros Rivesaltes Suresnes Thill for these camps, no sub-camp known Work camps were created by the Vichy Government in Morocco and Algeria. Thousands of Jews were sent to these camps by the French pro-nazi government of Petain: Abadla Ain el Ourak Bechar Berguent Bogari Bouarfa Djelfa Kenadsa Meridja Missour Tendrara Germany: Bergen-Belsen (probably 2 sub-camps but location is unknown) B�rgermoor (no sub-camp known) Buchenwald ( 174 sub-camps and external kommandos) Note: Dora-Mittelbau was the cover name of the sub-camp situated at Salza/Thuringe. When Dora became an independent camp in 1943, it had its own sub-camp at Ellrich. Ellrich was known as one of the worst external kommandos. Abterode (BMW Eisenach) Adorf Allendorf (Gmbh zur Verwertung chem. Erzeugnisse) Altenburg (HASAG) Annaburg (Siebel-Flugzeugwerke) Arnstadt (Poltewerke - aircraft engines) Artern Arolsen (SS officer school) Ascherleben (Junker) Baalberg Bad Berja Bad Handersheim (Bruns Apparatebau Gmbh) Bad Godesberg Bad Salzungen Ballenstadt Baubrigade I-X Bensberg (Napola Bensberg) Berga/Elster Berlstedt (Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke Dest) Bernburg (Schacht Pl�mnitz-Solvay) Billroda (Schacht Burggraf Billroda) Birkhan-motzlich Bischofferode Blankenburg (Organisation Todt) Blankenheim (sand) Bleicherode Bochum (Eisen- und Huttenwerke AG) Bochum (Guszstahl Fabrikat. AG) Bodtenberg B�hlen (Brabag Braunkohlen- Benzin AG) Braunschweig (SS-Junkerschule) Buttelstedt (Fa. Schlosser) Clus Colditz (Hasag) Crawinkel Coblence- "rebstock" Cologne (for the mayor) Cologne (Wagonfab. K�ln-Deutz) Cologne (Messegel�nde) Dernau (Fa. Gollnow Sohn) Dessau (Junker) Dessau (Dessauer Waggonfabrik) Dornburg Dortmund (Dortmund - Hoerder - Hutten - Verein AG) Duderstadt (Polte-Werke) Dusseldorf (Rheinmatall-Borsig AG - 2 kommandos) Dusseldorf (d�minage) Dusseldorf (Dess) Eisenach (BMW) Elsnig (Wasag - Westf�lisch- Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG) Ellrich Eschenhausen (SS-kommando Hecht) Escherhausen Essen (Krupp) Essen (Dest) Floeszberg (Hasag) Freitheit-Osterode Gandersheim Gelsenkirchen (Gelsenberg Benzin AG) Giessen (Sanit�t-Ersatz und Ausbildungabteilung) Gleina-"willy" Goettingen (SS cavalry school) Goslar Grasleben-"gazelle" Grosswerther Gunzerode Hadmersleben Halberstadt Halberstadt-zwieberge Hardehausen Hasserode (Mech. Ind. Wernigwerke) Harzungen (Wirtschaftsforschungs- geselschaft WIFI) Herzberg/Elster (Hasag) Hessich-Lichtenau (Munition factory) Hinzert (Special SS camp with 23 kommandos) Hohlstedt Holzen Ilfeld Ilsenburg Jena Kassel Kelbra Klein bodungen Klein bischofferode Klein niedergerba Kleinnoshersleben "ago" K�ln fordwerke K�ln hansestadt K�ln westwagen Kranichfeld (2 kommandos) Langensalsa (Junker) Langenstein (2 kommandos, 1 for the "Organisation Todt") Lauenberg "Laura" Lehensten "Laura" Leimbach Leipzig (Hasag) Leipzig Lindenthal Leipzig Markkleeberg Leipzig Sconau Leopoldshall (Junker) Lippstadt (Eisen- und Metallwerke AG) Lohausen (d�minage) Luetzkendorf (Wintershall AG) Magdeburg (Braunkohlen und Benzin Brabag) Magdeburg (Polte-Werke) Markkleeberg (Junker) Merseburg Meuselwitz (Hasag) Muhlhausen "Martha" Neustadt (kabel- und Leitungswerke AG) Niederorshel (Langenwerke AG) Niedersachswerfen (Ammoniakwerke GmbH) Nordhausen (Schidt) Nordhausen (Fliegerhorst-Komandantur) Nordhausen (Mittelbau II of B II Mittelwerke GmbH) Nuxei Oberndorf (L. Muna aircraft munitions) Ohrdruf (railroad construction) Oschersleben "Ago" Osterode (Mech. Ind. fa C Heder) Osterhagen * Penig (Gehrt) Plomnitz Quedlinburg (Fleigerhorst) Quedlindburg (Fa Heerbrandt) Raguhn Rehmsdorf "Willy" Roemhild Rossla Rothenburg (Fa Mansfeld AG) Rottleberode (Thyrawerke) Saalfeld Oertelsbruch Salza-Thuringe (production of V flying bombs - see note) Sangerhausen Schlieben (Hasag) Schoenau (ATG Maschinebau GmbH) Sch�nbeck (Hasag) Schwalbe V Schwerte Sennelager (Panzerausbildungsregiment) Soemerda (Fa Rheinmetall) Sollstedt Sonneberg (Tandradbedrijf C.G. Rheinhardt) Stassfurt (construction of an underground factory for C.G. Rheinhardt) Stutzpunkt Sauerland 1 Suhl Tannenwald Tanndora (Paper factory) Taucha (Hasag) Thekla (Erla-Werke) Tonndorf (bauleitung Waffen SS) Torgau (munitions) Trautenstein Troeglits (Brabag) Unna Walkenried-Wolfleben (Constructions) Wansleben (Fa C. Mansfeld) Wansleben "Wilhelm" Wansleben "Biber II" Werferlingen (Constructions) Weimar-Fischtenhain Weimar (Rautalwerke GmbH) Wernigerode (Junker) Westeregeln Wewelsburg (Guszstahlwerke) Wickerode Wieda Witten-Annen (Ig. Farbenindustrie) Woebbelin Wolfen Wuppertal Zeitz "Willy" Zella Mehlis Zorbig Dachau (123 sub-camps and external kommandos) Allach (Org. Todt) Allach/Karsfeld/Moosach (org. Todt) Allach-Rothwaige (Org. Todt) Allersdorf-Liebhof Ampersmoching Asbach-Baumenheim (Messerschmitt) Aibing (NEU) Aufkrich-Kaufbeuren (Dornier) Augustenfeld-Pollnhof Augsburg (Messerschmitt) * Augsburg- Haunstetten Augsburg-Pfersee (Messerschmitt) Bad Ischl Bad Ischl Saint Wolfgang Bad Tolz Baubrigade XIII Bayernsoien Bayrishezell Bichl Birgsau-Oberstdorf Blainach (BMW) Brunigsau Burgau (Messerchmitt) Burghausen Burgkirchen Donauworth Durach-Kottern (Messerschmitt) Eching (Org. Todt) Ellwagen Emmerting-Gendorf Eschelbach Feistenau Feldafing Fischbachau Fischen (Messerschmitt) Fischhorn/Bruck Freising * Friedolfing Friedrischaffen Fulpmes * Fussen-Plansee Gablingen (Messerschmitt) Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germering-Neuaubing Gmund Grimolsried-Mitteneuf-Nach (Org. Todt) Halfing Hallein * Hausham-Vordereckard Heidenhaim Heppenhaim Horgau-Pfersee (Messerschmitt) Ingoldstadt Innsbruck * Itter Karlsfeld (Org. Todt) Kaufbeuren (BMW) Kaufering (Org Todt/Messerschmitt/Dornier) Kaufering Erpfting Hurlach Landsberg Lechfeld Mittel-Neufnach Riederloh Schwabbeg Schwabmunchen Turkenfald Turkheim Utting Kempten-Kotern Konigsee Krucklhalm Landshut-Bayern (Org. Todt) Lauingen (Messerschmitt) Liebhof Lind Lochau Lochhausen (BMW) Lohof Markt Schwabben Moosach (Org. Todt/BMW/Messerschmitt) Moschendorf-Hof Muldorf (Org. Todt) Muldorf Ampfing-Waldlager V et VI Mettenheim Obertaufkirchen Munchen Munchen Friedman Munchen Riem (Org. Todt) Munchen Schwabing Munchen Sendling Neuburg Donau Neufahrn Neustift Nuremberg Oberdorf Oberfohring Ottobrunn Oetztal Passau Puchheim Radolfzell Rohrdorf-Thansau Rosenheim Rothschwaige-Augustenfeld (Org. Todt) St. Gilden/Wolgansee St. Lambrecht Salzburg Salzweg Sandhoffen Saulgau Schlachters-Sigmarszell Schleissheim Seehausen-Uffing Spitzingsee Steinhoring Stephanskirchen (BMW) Strobl Sudelfeld Traustein Trotsberg (BMW) rutskirch-Tutzing (Dornier) Uerberlingen Ulm * Unterschleissheim Valepp Vulpmes Weidach Weilheim Weissensee Wicking Wolfratshausen Wolfratshausen Gelting Wurach-Wolhof Zangberg Dieburg (no sub-camp known) Esterwegen Note: In 1941, this camp became a sub-camp of Neuengamme. Frieoythe/Kloppenburg Flossenburg (94 sub-camps and external kommandos) Altenhammer Annaberg Ansbach Aue (Sachsen) Bayreuth Beneschau Bozicany Br�x Chemnitz Dresden Eisenberg Erbendorf Falkenau Fl�ha Forrenbach Freiberg Ganacker Giebelstadt Grafenreuth Graslitz Gr�ditz Gundelsdorf Hainichen Happurg Heidenau Helmbrechts (*) Hersbruck Hertine Hof Hohenstein-Ernstthal Holleischen Holyson Hradischko Hubmersberg-Hohenstadt Janowitz Jezeri Johanngeorgenstadt Jungfern-Breschan Kaaden-Kadan Kamenicky-Senow Kirchham Knellendorf Koningstein Krondorf Leitmeritz Lengenfeld Lobositz Mehltheuer Meissen Mittweida Moickethal-Zatschke Moschendorf M�lsen- St. Michel Munchberg Neu Rohlau Nossen Nuremberg Obertraubling Oederan Olbramowitz Pilsen Plattling Plauen Pocking Porschdorf Poschetzau Pottenstein Praha Rathen Rathmanndorf Rabstein Regensburg Reuth Rochlitz Saal/Donau Schlackenwerth Sch�nheide Seifhennersdorf Siegmar-Sch�nau Stein-Sch�nau St. Georgenthal St. Oetzen Stulln Theresienstadt Venusberg Wilischthal Witten-Annen Wolkenburg W�rzburg Zatschke Zschachwitz Zschopau Zwickau Zwodau Gundelsheim (no sub-camp known) Kuhlen Neuengamme (96 sub-camps and external kommandos) Ahlem-Hannover Altgarga Altegarde-Elbe Aumund Aurich-Engerhafe Bad Sassendorf Barkhausen Barskamp Baubrigade I, II, V et XI Beendorf-Helmstedt Bergstedt Blummenthal Boizenburg Braunschweig (plusieurs kommandos) Bremme-Farbe Bremme- Osterort-Reisport Bremme-Schutzenhof Bremme- Vegesack-aumund Bremme-weser Brink-hannover Brunswick-Busing Dalum Dreutte Engerhafe Fallersleben-Laagberg Farge Fidelstedt Finkenwerder Fludwigslust Fulsbuttel Geilenberg Glassau-bei-Sarau Goslar Gross-Fullen Gross- Hesepe Hamburg (plusieurs kommandos) Hausberge-Porta Helmstadt Hidelsheim Horneburg Howachts-L�tjenburg Kaltenkirch-Heinkaten Kiel Ladelund Langenhagen-Hannover Langenhorn-Hamburg Laasberg Ladelung Lengerich Lerbeck Limmer-Hannover Linden (M�lhenberg-Hannover) L�bberstadt Lujtenberg Meppen Minden Misburg-Hannover M�lln Neesen Neugraben Neuhof Neuland-Bremen Neunkirchen Neustadt Nutzen Ohldorf Osnabruck Osterort (Bremen-Riespot) Poppenb�ttel-Sasen Porta-Westfalica - note: 2 kommandos Salzwedel Sandbostel Sasel Salzgitter Schandelah Sch�tzenhof-Bremen Schwessing-Husum Sollstadt Spaldingstrasse Steinwerder St�cken-Hannover Stuklenwert Tiefstak Uelzen Veleen Veerssen - (note: 2 sub-camps were located in Veerssen). Vegesack-Aumun - Bremen Verden-Aller Wandsbeck Watenstedt-Dr�tte-Salzgitter Wedel Wilhemsburg-Hamburg Wilhemshaven Wittenberge Wolfsburg W�bbelin-Ludwigslust Papenburg (no sub-camp known) Ravensbruck (31 sub-camps and external kommandos) Abteroda Ansbach Barth/Ostee (Heinkel) Belzig Berlin-Obersch�neweide Berlin-Sch�nefeld (Heikel) Borkheid Bruckentin Comthurey Dabelow Eberswalde Feldberg F�rstenberg (Siemens) Hennigsdorf Herzebr�ck Hohenlychen Karlshagen Klutzow-Stargard K�ningsberg-Neumark Malchow Neubrandenburg (Siemens) Neustadt/Glene Peenem�nde Prenzlau Rechlin Retzow Rostock-Marienhe (Heinkel) Stargard Steinhoring Schwarzenforst Uckermark Velten Sachsenhausen (44 sub-camps and external kommandos) Bad Saarow Baubrigade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI et XII Beerfelde Berga Berlin Babelsberg Falkensee Helensee (Demag) Hennigsdorf (AEG) Koepenig Lichterfelde Lichtenrade Reinickendorf (Argus) Siemens Stadt Tegel Wilmersdorf Biesenthal Bornicke Brandenburg/havel Dammsmuhle-Schonwalde Debno-Neudamm Doberitz Drogen-Niedorf Falkenhagen-Furstenwalde Falkensee Frieoythe/Kloppenburg Heinkel Genshagen Glau-Trebbin Gross-Rosen Hohenlychen Karlsruhe Klinker Kl. machnow Kolpin Konigswusterhause (Krupp) K�strin Lieberose Lubben Muggelheim Neubrandenburg (Hamburg) Neustrelitz Niederhagen Oranienburg Politz Prettin Rathenow Ravensbruck (until 1939) Riga Senftenberg/Schwarzweide Storkow Stuttgart Treuenbrietzen Werde Wewelsburg Wittenberg (Arado) Holland: Amersfoort Ommen Vught (12 sub-camps and external kommandos) Arnhem Breda Eindhoven Gilze-Rijen 's Gravenhage (The Hague) Haaren par Tilburg Leeuwarden Moerdijk Rozendaal Sint Michielsgestel Valkenburg par Leiden Venlo (Luftwaffe airfield) Westerbork (transit camp) Hungary: The Hungarian Holocaust Italy: Bolzano Fossoli Risiera di San Sabba (no sub-camp known) Latvia: Riga Riga-Kaiserwald Dundaga Eleje-Meitenes Jungfernhof Lenta Spilwe Mezaparks (Kaiserwald) Salaspils Jumpravmuita (Jungfernhof) Manor of Strazdu Dundaga Lithuania: Kaunas Aleksotaskowno Palemonas Pravienisk�s Volary Norway: Baerum Berg Bredtvet Falstadt Tromsdalen Ulven Poland: Auschwitz/Birkenau - Oswiecim-Brzezinka (extermination camp - 51 sub-camps) Altdorf / Stara Wies Althammer / Stara Kusnia Babice Bauzug Beruna Bismarckh�tte / Chorzow-Battory Blechhammer / Slawiecice Bobrek / Oscwiecim Budy Brunn / Brono Charlottengrubbe / Rydultowy helmek / Chelmek-Paprotnik Chorzow Chrzanow Czernica Ernforst Ernfort-Slawecice Eintrachthutte / Swietochlowice Freudenthal / Bruntal Furstengrabe / Lawski Gleiwitz I, II, II, IV / Gliwice Golleschau / Goleszow Gunthergrubbe / ledziny Harmeze Hindenburg / Zabrze Hubertushutte-Hohenlinde / Lagiewniki Janigagrube-Hoffnung / Libiaz Jawichowitz Kobio / Kobior Lagischa / Lagisza Laurahutte / Siemianowice Lepziny-Lawki Lesslau-Wloclawek Libiaz-Maly Lukow Monowitz / Monowice Myslowice Neu Dachs / Jaworzno Neustadt / Prudnik Sosnowitz I et II / Sosnowiec Trezbinia Tscechwitz / Czechwiece Harmeze Plawy Rajsko Rybnik Rydultowy Siemiennowice Wloklawek-lesslan Zasole Zittau Belzec (extermination camp - 1 sub-camp) Izbica: Historians consider Izbica a "Holding camp for Belzec. A few hundred Jews from the towns of Furth,Nurnberg and nearby Jewish communities, on March 22, 1942 were deported to Izbica. Many died or were murdered in Izbica, many more were shipped to Belzec. (Thanks to Willie Glaser for this information cf. web http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Holocaust/cclist.html) Bierznow Biesiadka Dzierzazna & Litzmannstadt (These two camps were "Jugenverwahrlage", children camps. Hundreds of children and teenagers considered as not good enough to be "Germanized" were transfered to these places ) Gross-Rosen - Rogoznica (77 sub-camps) Aslau Bad Warmbrunn / Cieplice Bautzen Berndorf / Bernartice Blechhammer Bolkenhain Breslau - Wroclaw Brief / Brzeg Brunnlitz / Bruenec Brusay / Brzezowa Bunzlau / Boleslawiec Bunzlau-Rauscha Christianstadt Dornhau Dyhernfurth Erlenbush Eule Faulbruk Gadersdorf Gassen Cellenau Falkenberg Frierland F�rstenstein Gebhardsdorf Gorlitz Graben Granefort Grulich Grunsberg Gruschwitz / Kruswica Halbstadt / Mezimesti Hartmanndorf Hirschberg / Jelenia Gara Buchwald H�henw�se Hohenelbe / Wrszlabi Kamenz Kaltwasser Kittlitztrebben / Kotlicki Trebin Kursbach Grunthal Landeshut / Kamienogora Langenblielau / Lielawa Larche Ludwigsdorf Lehmwasser Leszno Lissa Mahrisch Markstadt / Laskowitz Marzbachtal Marzdorf Mittelsteine Neisse-Neusalz Oder / Nova Sol Niesky Niesky Klein Niesky Wittischenau Radisch Oberalsstadt Oberwustegiersdorf Parschnitz / Porici Peterswaldau Prausnitz / Prusnica Rauscha Reichenau / Risznow Reichenau Reichenberg Liberal Reichenau Reichenbach Schmiedenberg Seuferwassergraben Schotterwok Striegau Tannhausen Waldenburg Weiswasser Wolsberg Wustegierdorf / Giercze Puste Wustegierdorf Station Wusteweltersdorf Zittau Huta-Komarowska Janowska Krakow Kulmhof - Chelmno (extermination camp - no sub-camp known) Lublin (prison - no sub-camp known) Lwow (Lemberg) Czwartaki Lemberg Majdanek (extermination camp - 3 sub-camps) Budzyn Hrubieszow Lublin Mielec Pawiak (prison - no sub-camp known) Plaszow (work camp but later became a sub-camp of Majdanek) Poniatowa Pustkow (work camp - no sub-camp known) Radogosz (prison - no sub-camp known) Radom Schmolz Schokken Sobibor (extermination camp - no sub-camp known) Stutthof - Sztutowo (40 sub-camps and external kommandos) Bocion Bromberg Chorabie Cieszyny Danzig-Burggraben / Kokokszki Danzig-Neufahrwasser Danzigerwerf / Gdansk Dzimianen Elbing Elblag (Org. Todt) Elblag (Schinau) Police / Szczecin Gdynia Gerdenau Graudenz Greendorf Grodno Gutowo Gwisdyn Heiligenbeil Jessu Kokoschken Kolkau Krzemieniewo Lauenburg Malken Mierzynek Nawitz Niskie Obrzycko Prault Rosenberg / Brodnica Scherokopas Schiffenbeil Serappen Sophienwalde Slipsk Starorod Pruszcz Brusy Torun (AEG, Org. Todt) Treblinka (extermination camp - no sub-camp known) Wieliczka Zabiwoko (work camp - no sub-camp known) Zakopane Russia: (The real number of concentration and extermination camps established in the occupied Soviet Union by the Nazis is unknown. The following list contains the name of the major camps. Some of these camps were under Romanian control; e.g. Akm�tchetka or Bogdanovka where 54,000 were executed between December 21th and December 31th, 1941.) Akm�tchetka Balanowka Bar Bisjumujsje Bogdanovka "Citadelle" (The real name of this camp is unknown. The camp was located near Lvov. Thousands of Russian POWs were killed in this camp.) Czwartaki Daugavpils Domanievka Edineti Kielbasin (or Kelbassino) Khorol Klooga Lemberg Mezjapark Ponary Rawa-Russkaja Salapils Strazdumujsje Yanowski Vertugen (for all these camps, no sub-camp known). Yugoslavia: Banjica Brocice Chabatz Danica Dakovo Gornja reka Gradiska Jadovno Jasenovac Jastrebarsko Kragujevac Krapje Kruscica Lepoglava Loborgrad Sajmite Sisak Slano Slavonska-Pozega Stara-Gradiska Tasmajdan Zemun (for all these camps, no sub-camp is yet known but research is underway).
The Jews were hated by the Nazis and Hitler. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's loss in World War 1 when Hitler had been a Nazi himself. Since he gained power from 1933 he had created the concentration camps and started using them against the Jews and others he hated.
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Holocaust Outlines
Religious Jew-hatred in Ancient Time & Middle Ages 4th cent. Christianity official religion of Roman Empire Christian anti-Judaism=religious/Christian antisemitism Deicide accusation. Jews killed Jesus; his death by Romans interpreted by Christians; legacy of crucifixion: religious Jew hatred based on false myth Middle Ages, 500-1300: Islam, Feudalism, Manorialism Latin Christendom: Christian Church leading institution Jews forced to deal with trade and moneylending The Jewish question - �What should we do about this Jewish minority.� Jews refused to convert (Inquisition) Ghetto. town area where Jews lived in isolation Martyrdom - sanctification of the Lord; Jews died in name of God = kiddush hashem Marranos - pigs; Jews who converted, new Christians 1492: expulsion from Spain by Isabella & Ferdinand Sephardi - Jews who came from Spain; speak Ladino Ashkenazi - Jews from Europe; speak Yiddish Jews: evil & devil image, caricatures; blood libels; pogroms: scapegoats during the Crusades & Black Death Jews persecuted for religious reasons, because of Judaism. Anti-Judaism paved way for modern antisemitism Reformation 16th. cent. Martin Luther. Jews & their lies.
Chronology I. to 500 C.E. (Common Era) Ancient/Classical world: polytheism, paganism, Christianity #monotheism, Judaism II. 500-1350 Middle ages: Latin Christendom, feudalism, manorialism -age of faith: religious/Christian antisemitism Transition, 1350-1550: Renaissance, Reformation III. Modern Times -ISM 16th-17th c: Secular states. Absolutism Scientific revolution: heliocentric, Galileo, Newton 18th c. Enlightenment - Age of Reason: Rationalism 1. Industrial revolution: Industrial Capitalism 2. French revolution: parties - Left Center Right 19th Liberalism #Conservatism (right) Nationalism, romanticism 1850s: Social Darwinism. Racism; imperialism Socialism; Marxism, Communism - left; extreme left
Holocaust Notes 2
Jews in Modern Era. Antisemitism Enlightenment. 17-18th cent. science & human nature Swine. anti-Jewish caricatures in 18th century Conversion to Christianity - passport of Jewish elite to European culture & society Industrial & French Revolution Turning points in Jews� socio-economic & legal status Liberalism - polit. movt : equality, individual rights Legal & civic equality of Jews - Emancipation = Jews left ghetto; bankers, lawyers, entrepreneurs= Jewish Western assimilated middle-class & proletariat Ashkenazi: Jewry from Europe, speaks Yiddish Christian anti-Judaism: irrational fear of outsiders Hatred - myth: Jews cursed for rejecting Christ deicide accusation; Jews have tails & horns - Devil Christian children�s blood for rites; poison in well Modern antisemitism: exclusive, racial nationalism class antagonism from modern capitalism Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinist; fittest survives Edouard Drummond: Jewish France 1886, best seller Dreyfus: French Jewish officer falsely accused, 1894 Hassidism: joyful Jewish worship movement, 18th Herzl: Austrian Jew founded Zionism; wrote in 1896 The Jewish State - best solution to the Jewish question Eastern Europe: heartland European Jewish life in 20th
