Prepositions

In Chipilak there are elements that modify the word to which they are adjacent or of which they become part. These words are prepositions (preceed the modified word without being attached to it), preffixes (attached to beginning of the modified word), postpositions (follow the modified word without being attached to it), and suffixes (which join the word at the end, and become part of it). The modified element does not carry a marker. These elements modify nouns or verbs.

Prepositions most of the temporal modifiers are prepositions

Karfsa / always
Axwa karfsa mos�ho xaas "He always reads the newspaper"
Olmak muwa biras karfsa rol�llho xapos "Always wash your hands before you eat"

Lulbo / never
Axwa lulbo bofak� keumom�al es "He has never been to the capital"
Pami nirfs�wa lulbo bissas "The old man never runs"

Ralgok / while
Axwa xaas ralgok kaff�ho fafas    "He reads while he drinks coffee"
Hiwa rukeb�ho ies ralgok akmumos    "I listen to music while I study"
Ralgok hima fog�wa gofotos, hiwa resoshi    "I watch my father while he works"

Nokmo / until
Tog�wa nokmo mosmi gofotos "The mother works until late"
Hiwa nokmo xefs�ho masrelos xaas "I will read the book until I finish it"

Oul / yet, still
Ruknokn�wa oul akbuax�al "The boy is still at the school"
Hiwa oul norfsi "I am still hungry"

Olmak / before
Lulbo olmak hiwa axho pas "I never saw him before"
Ruknokn� olmak akbuax�al es, biras "The boy eats before he goes to school"

Makfuak / after
Makfuak xakk� hillwa bok�al es "After the class we go home"
Makfuak mik me�ll axwa pixpas "He came back after two days"

Xuati / soon
Xuati axillwa xefs�ho xaas "Soon they read the book"
Xuati hillwa ulrok borelos "Soon we walked again"

Katosi / following, next
Katosi me� hiwa sei� nokmo es "The following, next time day I went to the river"
Hiwa ruka�ho pekemos katosi hiwa Bofak� Keumom� es "I will visit the museum next time I go to the capital"

Peloxi / finally, at last
Peloxi axo makes 'Ke' "Finally she said 'yes'"
Peloxi mimi xefs�ll xaas "At last I read all the books"

Oboki / if
Oboki muwa libasas hiwa linakos "If you don't want it I will not do it"
Oboki hiwa fokmosi melas�ho malas akmiho birfsos "If I had enough money I would buy it"

Postpositions

Alga / between, through
Nirfs�wa fikb� alga borelos "The man walks through the forest"
Axwa rak�h rus� alga kalmosax "He seats between the table and the wall"

Oxalmi / across
Nirfs�wa rak� oxalmi kalmosax "The man seats across the table"
Bofak� keumom�ma sei� oxalmi "There capital is across the river"

Alxosti / along
Nirfs�wa sei� alxosti borelos "The man walks along the river"
Bofak� keumom�ma box�llal alxosti pxis�ll "There are flowers along the streets of the capital"

Silmo / around, by
Nirfs�wa pualb� silmo borelos "The man walks around the fountain"
Xul�wa mass� silmo mesos "The moon turns around the earth"

Bilgo / against
Nirfs�wa palm� bilgo borelos "The man walks against the wind"
Ruknokn�wa rus� bilgo ofihos "The boy leans against the wall"

Alpak / instead of
Nirfs�wa axma tog�ho pekemos alpak telepilos "The man visited his mother instead of calling her"
Hiwa kaff�ho alpak xa�ho fafas "I drink coffee instead of tea"

Makma / from, away from
Ruknokn�llwa akbuax� makma pixpas "The boys return from the school"
Milma makma pales, muwa? "Where are you coming from?"

Nokmo / to, towards
Tog�wa hi nokmo pales "The mother came to me"
Oret�llwa axillma bok� nokmo bissas "My friends run towards their home"

Ossefi / up, upwards
Nirfs�wa kass� ossefi borelos "The man walks up the hill"
Ruknokn�llwa ossefi faxim�ho xolkos "The boys throw the ball upwards"

Ofoti / down, downwards
Nirfs�wa kass� ofoti borelos "The man walks down the hill"
Axwa kass� ofoti akbos "He skies down the hill"

Omaxoli / forwards
Nirfs�wa Box�al omaxoli borelos "The man walks forward on the street"
Ruknokn�wa faxim�ho omaxoli xolkos "The boys throw the ball forward"

Ogoki / in back of, behind, backwards
Akbuax� nakfemox�wa ogoki    "The school is in the back of the hospital"
Bofox�wa osfix� ogoki    "The horse is behind the tree"
Hiwa ogoki borelos limakos    "I do not want to walk backwards"
Axowa resos�ho ogoki xolkos    "She did look backwards"

Psalmi / in front of
Nakfemox�wa akbuax� psalmi "The hospital is in front of from the school"
Axowa hi psalmi fososaxo "She stands in front of me"

Tulmi / next to, by
Oret�wa hi tulmi kalmosax "My friend sits by me"
Bok�wa sei� tulmi "The house is next to the river"

Kifsa / over, on
Tom�wa makn� kifsa kalmosax "The cat sits on the roof"
Ruknokn�llwa sei� kifsa faxim�ho xolkos "The boys throw the ball over the river"

Mol / so
Axoma bok� mol xatiki, hiwa es limakos "Her house is so far that I don't want to go"
Akmi mol xosti! "This is so long!"

Fso / to, for (shows the purpose of the action)
Tom�llwa tulmi obikmosaxill fseiho fso apemos    "The cats lay down together to avoid the cold"
Hiwa oxtiho fso xaas makos    "I want something to read"
Hiwa pakm� fso xekmi    "I am ready for the party"

Preffixes

Li / not, no, un
Hillwa lipales    "They will not come"
Axwa lipami    "He is not old"
Hiwa libasas es    "I went unwillingly"

Ba / what
Hiwa bamakes likofas "I did not know what to say"
Axwa banokas lifalkos "He does not think what to do"

Ruh / very
Palm�wa ruhpsei    "The wind is very cold"
Axowa bok�ho ruhtukmos    "She likes the house very much"
Hiwa ruhbirimi kalmeshi    "I feel very comfortable"

Rok / more. This can be attached or separated from the word
Nih ruknokn�llwa rokofsalmas    "Today the boys learn more"
Axowa bok�ho rokgofotos    "She works more at home"
Hiwa xefs�ho rokhrok tukmos    "I like the book more and more"

Suffixes

Al / to, towards, in, at (temp.)
Nirfs�wa fikb�al es    "The man goes to the forest"
Ruknokn�wa oret�al faxim�ho xolkos    "The boy throws the ball to his friend"
Ruknokn�llwa akbuax�al    "The boys are in the school"
Hiwa bor�al    "I am in bed"
Lin�al hiwa borelos tukmos    "I like to walk at night"
Axwa me�ma rame�al pales    "He came at noon"

Bil / with, by (means of), in company of
Axwa rol�bil xefs�ho miros    "He took the book with his hand"
Tom�wa xaltu�bil xerfosax    "The cat cleans itself with the tongue"
Fog�wa lell�ho rol�bil otossos    "The father took the child by the hand"
Axowa akfam�bil nirfs�ho resos    "She looked at him through the mirror"
Axwa ul nax�ma gak�bil fasi gotos    "He almost shoked with a piece of ice"
Ruknokn�wa oret�llbil borelos    "The boy goes to walk with his friends"
Hillbil pales, muwa?    "Are you coming with us"