Appendix 2

KM Keywords

some with their descriptions specific to KM, others yet to be done

Advocacy presenting your point of view – not listening or inquiring. Opposite polarity from and complement of Inquiry

Affordance Gibson’s theory of affordances is about visual objects that make up perceived situations involved in learning. Affordances are important in situated learning and social cognition. Someday the AI community may find out that they are something that should be included in ontologies.

Agent (Bot): A mechanism that acts in response to a condition.

alife (artificial llfe) The study of life-like properties in artificial systems.

AntiPattern (see System Archetype)

Archetype

Associative learning

Attractor A pattern that 'attracts' a process. Fractals are the attractors of particular drawing algorithms. Equilibria are the point attractors for physical processes.

Ba

Basho

Benchmark

Best Practice

Bot

Capability Maturity Model

Change Management

Chat

CineMap

Civil Society the sphere of voluntary associations and informal networks in which individuals and groups engage in activities of public consequence. It is distinguished from the public activities of government because it is voluntary, and from the private activities of markets because it seeks common ground and public goods. It is often described as the "third sector."

Codification

Cognitive map: an interpretive framework of the world which, it is argued, exists in the human mind and affects actions and decisions as well as knowledge structures.

Cognitive Science

Complex Adaptive System (CAS)

Communitarian - Communitarianism emerged in the 1980s - Its dominant themes are that individual rights need to be balanced with social responsibilities, and that autonomous selves do not exist in isolation, but are shaped by the values and culture of communities.

Community

Community of Interest (CoIN)

Community of Practice (CoP) a group of people who are brought together by a desire to learn more about common opportunities/problems.

Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)

Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW – see groupware

Constellation

Constructivism

Content Mapping

Conviviality –Illich, Tools

Cooperation

Coopetition

Core Competency

Corporate Amnesia

Corporate Intelligence

Corporate Memory

Cosmopedia

Crawler

Culture: learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge that can be transmitted from generation to generation.

Cyberspace Thought space, the universe of information and ideas. Derives from Norbert Wiener's term 'cybernetics'. The concept of cyberspace can be compared to the philosopher Karl Poppet's idea of a third world.

Cybrarian a knowledge taxonomy librarian – assigns domain categories

Database

Declarative Knowledge: Knowing-that. Knowledge that is in the form of statements about a truth.

Deductive Reasoning: in which one is able to discover (or generate) new knowledge, based on beliefs one already holds.

Deme

Dialog – a la Bohm, Senge

Diffusion: when elements of one culture spread to another without wholesale dislocation or migration.

Discontinuity of Knowledge

Discourse

Discussion

Distributed Cognition

Distributed Learning

Domain A logical section or grouping of sites on the Internet, such as a country (e.g., '.uk' indicates Great Britain) or a type of organisation (e.g., '.com' for commercial sites).

Dyad

Economic Man

Embodied Mind

Emergence The appearance of large-scale properties in serf-organising systems; e.g., seeing the wood for the trees.

Enactivism

Epistemology

Evolution

Expert: specialist in a narrow domain area

Explicit Knowledge

Extropian

Frame

Fuzzy Logic

Gatekeeper in an informal knowledge network, a person who acts to disseminate technical knowledge in their organization by being a central "switchboard", mediating between internal and external groups

Generative Learning

Group "…a social entity capable of acting as a whole and of expressing feelings and thoughts over and beyond those of its members." (Smith and Berg 63:1987)

Groupware (CSCW)

Hawthorne Effect

Heuristic Knowledge

Homomorphism: A mapping of many elements in the real world into one mental category. Used to describe a mental model.

Hypercortex

Index, Indexer

Induction: Forming a general rule from specific examples.

Information Ecology

Information Science

Innovation: the process of adopting a new thing, idea, or behavior pattern into a culture.

Inquiring System

Inquiry searching for knowledge, exploring assumptions and being open, listening – complement of Advocacy

Instant Messaging

Instrument, Kaplan’s Law of the

Instrumental Fallacy

Intellectual Capital

Intelligent Agent

Intentional Learning deliberate attempt to learn.

Internalization

Invisible College the informal network of researchers who form around an intellectual paradigm to study a common topic" (from Valente & Rogers 1995, based on Price and Crane)

IP address The location of a computer. This is used by the Internet Protocol (IP) to pass messages to that computer.

Iteration Repetition of a process again and again.

K Acquisition

K Creation

Kaplan’s Law - see Instrument

Keystone Specie

Knowbot

Knowledge Base: The hierarchical network of an agent’s validated rules is the knowledge base of that agent. There are two kinds of validated rule networks: Explicit and tacit. Explicit knowledge bases are rules sets that are identified, communicated, and usually codified for other agents to share. Tacit knowledge bases are unidentified and unwritten and are usually communicated non-verbally.

Knowledge Ecology. Knowledge ecology deals with the entire microcosm of interacting agents and resources in equilibrium.

Knowledge Economy. An environment where knowledge claims competes against each other with each other for a place in the organizational knowledge base.

Knowledge Engineer: Communicates with experts to acquire relevant knowledge.

Knowledge Management: sez ke geek: Explicitly or implicitly affecting the processes an agent or collective of agents use to discover, create, use, change, transfer, store, or replace their internal and external validated rule sets.

Knowledge Map

Knowledge Object: A well-defined set of rules bundled with a concept.

Knowledge Processes: The set of processes occurring in an organization to create, refines, use, retrieve, extract and transfer knowledge.

Knowledge System: A computer system that represents and uses knowledge to carry out its task. (Stefik, 1995)

Knowledge: 1. A validated network and hierarchy of rules. See Declarative and Procedural Knowledge 2. Validated rules of agents. The knowledge rule network is the validated set of rules from the viewpoint of the agent's or a collective of agent's validation criteria, not just any network of rules.

KQML

Ladder of Inference

Learning Organization (LO)

Learning Styles

Lever Point: A set of input stimuli that produces the greatest output effect with the least amount of energy and cost. In studying CAS, the primary quest is to discover lever points.

Leverage – a Noun as used by Senge, NOT a verb! The finding and exploitation of a lever point results in system leverage.

Listserv

Loop analysis This is a method of analysing the feedback loops in a complex dynamic system by tracing the signs of the interactions.

Matrix Organization

Mediation

Meme a unit of cultural transmission that propagates from mind to mind conveying a meaning in the process; a meaning that may mutate each time it is transmitted but one that is captured and remembered.

Memex

Mental Model: 5ifth d: Surfacing, clarifying, testing and improving one's internal representations of the world and understanding how these representations, along with their accompanying implicit assumptions, shape one's decisions and actions. Digitbrain: Mental models are rule systems that are internal to humans. It can also be a shared mental model that is maintained as an emergent property from an organization of agents.

Metadata

Metaknowledge: knowledge about the very nature of knowledge and knowing.

Microworld

Microworld: The modeling space for the CAS where boundaries and rules are defined for the CAS being studied. "The design of a microworld makes it a ‘growing place’ for a specific species of powerful ideas or intellectual structures." (Papert 1986:125)

Modelling

Morphisms: A mathematical structure to describe Mental Models

Network Analysis

Networked Organization

Newsgroup

Niche

Node

Noosphere

Objectivism

Ontology In AI, an explicit account of a shared understanding in a given subject area. To interact, agents must use ontologies that are at least partially shared. If AI people figure out how to explain ontologies to those of us with IQ below 140, it may become a useful concept for KM in general, because in sounds to me just like a Discourse.

Organization (Collective Pattern): Groups and teams with a common identity with other groups to achieve a common goal form organization collective patterns.

Organizational Development (OD)

Organizational IQ

Organizational Science

Paradigm ="The entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on shared by the members of a given community" (Kuhn, postscript)

Pattern

Personal Mastery Learning to expand one's personal capacity to create the future and results one most desires.

Portal

Portal: "Enterprise Information Portals are applications that enable companies to unlock internally and externally stored
information, and provide users a single gateway to personalized information needed to make informed business decisions. " They are: ". . . an amalgamation of software applications that consolidate, manage, analyze and distribute information across and outside of an enterprise (including Business Intelligence, Content Management, Data Warehouse & Mart and Data Management applications.)"

Procedural Knowledge: Knowing-how. Knowledge that is in the form of procedural rules. This is the most fundamental form of knowledge. Ryle (1949)

Process (Behavior Pattern): A set of sequential tasks performed to fulfill a specific, measurable goal-state. Processes are value streams in that they are oriented toward producing, and do produce, value for the enterprise, and for the agents who use the process.

Process Knowledge

Process Management

Profiling

Q-Morphism:

Quality

Recommender Systems (Suggestive Software)

Reengineering (BPR)

Relational Models

Resource: A resource is information, energy, or matter used, consumed, or created by an agent.

Risk Management

Scenarios

Schema

Science: a method of creating knowledge about the world by applying the principles of the scientific method, which includes making empirical observations, proposing hypotheses to explain those observations, and testing those hypotheses in valid and reliable ways; also refers to the organized body of knowledge that results from scientific study.

Script

Semantic Analysis

Semantic Network

Semiotics

Shared Vision Building a common sense of purpose and commitment by developing shared images of the future that we seek to create.

Silo

Simulation

Singularity

Situated Learning

Skill learning associated with procedural knowledge

Skunk Works

Social intelligence: the knowledge and images that originate in an individual's brain and that are transferred by speech to others. Writing to the brains of others.

Sociality

Socialization: the process by which a person acquires the technical skills of his or her society, the knowledge of the kinds of behavior that are understood and acceptable in that society, and the attitudes and values that make conformity with social rules personally meaningful, even gratifying; also termed enculturation.

SocioTechnical Systems (STS)

Spatial Knowledge

Spatial Learning

Spider an agent that searches through many different document sites by "crawling" through many levels of the file storage hierarchy.

Substitutive Innovation: Creation of new products, technologies, processes or procedures to take place of, or eliminate old ones. (Toffler 1985).

Suggestive Software (Recommender Systems)

Synergetics phenomena in which lots of objects coordinate their behaviour and act in unison (e.g., a laser firing).

System Archetype

Systems Thinking Understanding the intraconnections and interrelationships that shape the behavior of the systems in which we exist. A System as object of study is viewed as comprising distinct analytical sub-units.

Tacit Knowledge: Unspoken, noncodified knowledge. It is usually embodied in individual skills, routines, and experience.

Team

Team Learning Reflecting on action as a team and transforming collective thinking skills so that the team can develop intelligence and ability greater than the sum of individual members' talents.

Technology Transfer a buzzword of the 70’s and 80’s that referred to technical knowledge transfer between groups; related to KM. It was realized that tools can not simply be handed over without some knowledge that forms the context for the usage of the tools.

Theory X McGregor’s term for Taylorist scientific management, the approach that assumes workers have no inherent motivation

Theory Y McGregor’s term for humanistic management, assuming that workers want to do a good job and will do so if they feel ownership of the job

TQM

Transhumanist person who beleives that human consciousness (which of course includes knowledge) can be transferred to a sufficiently sophisticated device, thereby avoiding mortality.

Usenet Newsgroup (see Newsgroup)

Value Stream – a town on Long Island

Virtual Community

Web of Inclusion

Whiteboard