Catcher In the Rye-by J.D. Saliger
   1. 1st person retrospective
   2. stream of consciousness
   3. doesn't want to grow up-becoming phony-struggle entering adulthood
   4. James Castle, Jane Gallager, Allie, Phoebe, sometimes Holden--not phony
   5. wants to save kids,keep them innocent(from growing up/becoming phony)
   6. ends in mental hospital in CA
   7. death of Allie brings up feelings, loss of mind, and new look at world
   8. narrow in experience with other people
   9. winter-death,pond frozen,Holden's heart/view on life, ducks represent his life
   10. uses curses to gain power, guard against phoniness
   11. alienation; metaphysical-place/significance in universe
   12. don't want to be like them, but must be among people
   13. confusion relates to today-interactions w/other people, timeless novel
 

   Death of a Salesman-Arthur Miller
   Willy Loman--
   1. to be successful->well like/good appearance
   2. embellished to keep up appearance
   Linda Loman--
   1. housewife '40s-'50s        3. peacekeeper/glue        5. passive
   2. supportive/comforting       4. moral
   Biff Loman--
   1. no sense of hard work        2. had no good role model        3. flunks math
   4. doesn't graduate              5. jailed-theif                    6. many jobs
   Happy Loman--
   1. no sense of hard work        2. no good role model        3. jealousy
   Realism--emphasis on the common man, slice of life, ordinary
 

   The Sun Also Rises-Ernest Hemingway
   author-lived in Key West, ambulence driver WW1, sportsman, drank a lot, began in
              journalism(foreign correspondence), violent father, challenged himself
              (to find courage), 1898-1961 (suicide)
   style-only write about his experiences, short sentences(economy of words),biased
              (anti-sematic), ice-berg theory(scenes of implication), foreign settings
              (ex-patriot), clear/sharp imagery, vulgarism, bluntness, exsistencialism, dialogue
              bases of dramatic style, characters based on simplistic dialogue
   code-hero:places himself in life/death rituals, fatalistic acceptance of lifes difficulties,
              private ritual to handle anxiety, dispare is private, struggle to see things as
              they are, aviod judgement(view w/irony), play alongs, don't make trouble
      exemplar-follows code(ex.Pedro Romero,Bill Gorton,Count Mippipopolous,Montoya)
          Pedro-masculinity defined by preformance(life & death),gets in fight w/Cohn
          Brett attracted to Pedro-honesty(adds to skill), life & death situation
          Montoya leary of Brett(ruins bull fighter)
      apprentice-searching (ex.Jacob Barnes, Lady Brett Ashley)
          Brett--sexually permiscuous, drinks a lot, won't commit to Jake, leaves Romero so
                  she won't destroy him
          Jake--ecclesiastics-everything transitory, hope at end, changes by taking control
      anti-exemplar-follows opposite (ex. Robet Cohn)
          Robert-Jew(times-people identified each other by this), here because of individual
                  character, not humble, married w/3 children, women like him, immature w/
                  affair w/Brett (tries to elevate her to pure), follows her
   bulls-used for breeding (ex. Romero, Mike)
   steer-castrated bull (ex.literally&mentally-Jake, mentally-Cohn)
   cows-female (ex. physically Brett)
   castration metaphor for masculinity->power->control
   THEME: everything changes
 

                                                  The Awakening by Kate Chopin

   Author: 1. maiden- O'Flaherty 2. born in St.Louis on Feb 8, 1851 3. parents-Irish father, Creole
   mother 4. educated & social belle 5. married Oscar Chopin, 6 children 6. highly independent for
   time 7. managed plantation after husband's death 8. wrote short stories 9. died 1904

   Book: 1. published 1899 2. masterpiece 3. banned because of nation movement indecent

   Chapter 1: Characters introduced--
   1.parrot- yellow & green, spoke Spanish, English, another foreign language
   2. mocking bird- sang
   3. Le'once Pontellier- (LP), eye glasses, 40 yrs, medium height, slender build, stooped, brown
   straight hair, neat & closely trimmed beard, smoked cigars, moderately wealthy
   4. Madame Lebrun- (ML), owned cottages Pontelliers lived in , pretty, always wore white w/elbow
   sleeves
   5. Farvial twins- two young girls, played piano
   6. yard boy, dining room servant- worked for Madame Lebrun
   7. lady in black- near cottage, telling beads
   8. two children- sturdy fellows, 4 & 5 yrs
   9. quadroon nurse-children's nurse
   10. Edna Pontellier- (EP), wife of Le'once, strong shapely hands
   11. Robert Lebrun- (RL), young
   Summary--
   1. setting- Sunday, outside Lebrun cottages, Grand Isle, New Orleans
   2. LP is annoyed by mocking bird and parrot and decides to go back to his own cottage to read a
   day old newspaper. While admiring his surroundings, LP sees the Farival twins playing the
   piano and ML yelling at the yard boy and dining room servant. He also sees a lady in black and his
   children, who are followed by their nurse, playing croquet. EP & RL come to LP after
   taking a swim in the near by sea. EP collects her rings from her husband and EP & RL begin
   telling an unamusing story to LP. LP decides to go to Klein's hotel and play billiards. RL decides
   to stay with EP. When asked if he was returning for dinner, LP replies he doesn't know and leaves
   after hugging his children.
   Chapter 2: Characters Introduced--
   1. EP- quick & bright eyes, yellowish brown eyes & hair, thick horizontal eyebrows, more
   handsome than beautiful, American, from Kentucky
   2. RL- smoked cigarettes, clean shaved, spoke English, French, Spanish, clerk, correspondent,
   dreams of going to Mexico, son of ML
   3. EP's father- owns Mississippi plantation
   4. EP's sister- in the East, just got engaged
   5. EP's mother- dead
   Summary--
   1. setting- same, summer
   2. EP & RL sit on the porch. EP is fanning herself & RL is smoking. They are talking about
   everything around them. RL talks of going to Mexico and EP talks of her childhood home and the
   letter from her sister. They agree that LP isn't coming for dinner & Ep goes to get ready for dinner.
   RL goes to play croquet w/ the children.
   Chapter 3: Characters Introduced--
   1. LP- owns brokerage business on mainland (New Orleans)
   2. child's name is Raoul
   3. sister's name is Janet
   Summary--
   1. setting- Sunday night to Monday morning to middle of week
   2. LP returns home at 11p m Sunday night and begins to tell his half asleep wife about his time;
   she doesn't show interest and this annoys him. He goes to check on his children and comes
   back and tells his wife, who doesn't believe him, that their son Raoul has a fever, EP goes to check
   and sees LP is right. LP falls asleep but EP goes onto the porch and cries for an
   unexplainable reason. The next morning, LP leaves to go to work in New Orleans (Carondelet St).
   LP then gives EP half the money from the night before. They say they will give sister Janet
   a good engagement present. Many people come to see LP off as he will not return till the coming
   Saturday. In the middle of the week, EP receives a box full of goodies from LP. She shares
   them with the neighboring ladies. Together , they declare LP the best husband.
   Chapter 4: Characters Introduced--
   1. EP-not a mother woman
   2. mother-women- idolized their children, protective, worshiped husband
   3. Ade'le Ratignolle(AR)- every womanly grace & charm, looked like heroine/fair lady, golden hair,
   blue eyes, red lips, a little stout, sewed, married 7 years, a kid every two
   4. Creoles-like one big family, absence of prudery, freedom of expression, inborn lofty chastity
   Summary--
   1. setting--same, day box of chocolates arrived
   2. The characters of a mother-woman and AR are introduced. EP and AR sat outside on the porch
   and EP was cutting a pattern for the winter outfit AR was making for one of her kids. RL
   was also there and all were eating the chocolates. AR was talking of her next pregnancy. EP is
   compared to a Creole woman and EP relates two instances in which she was shocked by their
   freedom of expression.
   Chapter 5: Characters Introduced--
   1. RL- 26 yrs
   Summary--
   1. setting- same
   2. AR is sewing and RL and EP are watching. RL comments that AR's beauty hides her interior.
   The three get into a discussion about the previous summer when RL had devoted himself to
   AR. EP then decides to sketch AR and RL watches and rested his head on EP's arm-she pushed
   him away. The picture didn't look like AR. EP's children came and she gave them each a
   chocolate. AR then complained of feeling faint. They took care of it and then AR went home and
   her children came to her. RL convinces EP to go for a swim.
   Chapter 6: Summary--
   1. The narrator comments that EP is beginning to understand her self in the universe.
   Chapter 7: Summary--
   1. setting- same some days later, in the morning
   2. EP and AR managed to lose Robert and leave the children and take a walk down to the beach.
   They lay on a rug and looked about. AR asked EP what she was thinking about and EP said
   she was thinking of her childhood. EP's thoughts then range from the differences between her and
   her sisters to her other childhood loves to how she married her husband and finally to her
   impulsive care of her children. She only told parts of this to AR. Then Robert came with all the
   children. EP went off to the children's tent and AR begged RL to take her home.
   Chapter 8: Character's Introduced--
   1. Victor-RL's younger brother, had a temper
   2. Monsieur Lebrun- father of RL, died 20 yrs ago
   3. Montel- middle aged gentleman, tried to fill the void of Mr. Lebrun's passing
   Summary--
   1. setting- same
   2. RL is taking AR home and AR asks him for one favor, which is to leave EP alone. At this, RL
   becomes defensive and tells her the story of Alcée Arobin and says she should have warned
   him not to take himself seriously. He goes and gets her a drink and the goes to ML's house. RL
   sees his brother take the rockaway and his mother yells for Victor, who doesn't respond. ML
   then tells RL that Montel wrote a letter saying he will be in Vera Cruz. RL leaves to go find EP.
   Chapter 9: Characters Introduced--
   1. Mademoiselle Reisz-homely woman, small weazened face&body, glowing eyes, no taste in
   dress
   2. Old Monsieur Farival (MF)- grandfather of the twins
   3. Monsieur Ratignolle(MMR)-AR's husband
   Summary--
   1. Saturday night, few weeks later
   2. Many of the people who lived in the cottages were having a party with music and dancing.  The
   children preformed various dances and played the piano; then they went to sleep.  RL
   then went to ask Mademoiselle Reisz if she would play the piano for EP, but what ever Reisz
   wanted to play.  EP was thinking about her favorite pieces and when Reisz began to play it sent
   a chill down her spine.  Reisz impressed everybody and left EP in tears.  The party was about to
   end , but Robert suggested they all go for a swim.
   Chapter 10: Summary--
   1. same night
   2. Most of the people at the party walked down to beach in little groups.  EP had been learning how
   to swim all summer and this night she realized she could swim, which made her venture
   out farther by herself.  Then all of a sudden, she got a "vision of death;" this made her rush back to
   LP, RL, and MR and then get out of the water and go home.  RL joined her as she walked
   home.  EP is thinking aloud and RL tells her of a ghost that takes over the body making them have
   thoughts they never had.  RL gets EP a shawl and then sits by her till he hears LP coming.

   Chapter 11: Summary--
   1. same, right after the last chapter
   2. LP came home and found his wife outside.  He went in and repeatedly called EP inside.  She did
   not want to go and she told him that.  He came outside with his cigars and sat with her
   until dawn.  At that time she went inside and LP told her he would be in when he finished his cigar.
   Chapter 12: Characters Introduced--
   1. Mariequita(M)- round, sly, piquant face, pretty black eyes, small hands, broad coarse feet,
   Spanish girl
   2. Beaudelet(B)- sailor
   Summary--
   1. Sunday, morning to night, in water between island and mainland
   2. EP wakes after sleeping for a few hours and sent for Robert as she had decided to go to mass
   on the mainland.  RL spoke with Mariequita and all the people were talking amoungst
   themselves.  EP and RL made  plans for the next day and then all got off the boat and went to the
   church of Our Lady of Lourdes.  B stayed with his boat and M went off with her basket of
   shrimp, giving RL a childish look.
   Chapter 13: Characters Introduced--
   1. Madame Antoine(MA)-fat, walked heavily and clumsily, didn't speak English
   2. Tonie(T)-MA's son, Acadian drawl, shy in front of women
   Summary--
   1. Sunday, mainland, church then MA's house
   2. EP felt dizzy during the service so she and RL left and went to MA's house to rest. EP bathed
   her face and took off most of her clothes.  She then fell asleep.  When she awaoke,
   everything was quiet.  EP dressed and went outside to get RL, who joked that she slept 100
   years.  They waited two years for the sun to go down and MA to return before going back to the
   island.
   Chapter 14: Characters Introduced--
   1. youngest son's name is Etienne(E)
   Summary--
   1. back at the island, that night
   2. AR told EP that E wouldn't fall asleep so EP took him into her lap and rocked him to sleep.  AR
   told EP that her husband was nervous at first but after being assured that T would bring her
   back later he had gone to the club.  AR then left and EP and RL put E into bed.  RL said good
   night and walked down to the beach while EP waited for LP.  EP wondered why RL didn't stay
   with her and she sang a song that RL sang.
   Chapter 15: Summary--
   1. a little while later on the island...in the dining hall
   2. EP entered the dining hall and after beginning her meal she was informed that RL was going to
   Mexico that evening to meet Montel and work there because he felt there were more
   chances for him there.  A converstaion about Mexico followed which didn't interest EP so she left.
   ML and AR tried to convince EP to come back to the dinning hall but she didn't wish to
   go.  Before leaving, RL came to her and they spoke of how long RL might be in Mexico.  RL said
   good bye and went down to the dock.  After he left, EP realizes she had a crsh on RL.
   Chapter 16: Summary--
   1. a few days later on the island just before everybody was to leave for the winter
   2. Reisz asks EP if she misses RL, which leads EP to think about the emptiness in her life since
   he left and how everybody knows that she misses her companion. EP answers yes to Reisz's
   question and Reisz tells her how Victor is ML's favorites son and RL has to keep him in check.
   This puts EP in a bad mood and she decides to go in the water.  Reisz waited and they walked
   back together.  She gave EP her address in the city.
   Chapter 17: Characters Introduced--
   1. Joe-light-colored mulatto boy, reception boy
   2. maid-cooked, served
   Summary--
   1. E&LP's house on Esplanade Street in New Orleans, Tuesday evenings a few weeks after
   returning from Island
   2. EP and LP are having a dinner at home when EP explains to LP that she was not at home to
   have callers that day.  LP was upset with her for that and was annoyed with the dinner so he
   left and went to the club.  EP was annoyed and finished her dinner.  She then paced up and down
   her room and through a vase on the ground.
   Chapter 18:Summary--
   1. the next morning
   2. LP was annoyed with EP because she wont; meet him downtown to buy new fixtures.  EP is
   still in a bad mood and she finds fault with all her painting so she goes to AR.  They talk about
   going back to painting school and then MMR comes and EP leaves.
   Chapter 19:Summary--
   1. same setting
   2. In this chapter, EP and LP discuss how LP thinks the house is falling apart because EP is
   neglecting her duties.  EP paints and reflects that she felt happy and sad on different days
   without any reason.
   Chapter 20: Summary--
   1. around town, ML's house
   2. EP decides to see Reisz but can't find her address so she decided to see ML for her address.
   Victor showed her in and made her comfortable until his mom came.  He told her stories of
   things he did but shouldn't tell his mom.  They told her two letters had come from Robert and they
   gae her the address.  EP then left.
   Chapter 21: Summary--
   1. same right after last chapter, Reisz's house
   2. EP arrives at Reisz's house and the woman says that she never expected her to come.  Reisz
   says that Robert wrote her a letter that was all about EP.  She then plays the piano for EP,
   while EP read the letter, cried and left.
   Chapter 22: Characters Introduced--
   1. Doctor Mandelet(DM)-semi-retired physician, quite portly, gray hair, small blue eyes
   Summary--
   1. DM's house
   2. LP went to DM to talk about EP's strange behavior.  DM tells LP to just leave her and let her do
   what she wants.  LP then invites him to dinner the next thursday to see EP.
   Chapter 23: Characters Introduced--
   1. Edna's Father-colonel in confererate army, white &silky hair and mustache, rugged bronze face,
   tall, thin
   2. Mortimer Merriman-
   3. Mrs. James Highcamp-
   4. Alcee' Arobin-
   Summary--
   1. EP's house
   2. EP's father comes and stays with her for awile.  They attend a music party at AR's and had a lot
   of fun.  DM came to dinner as promised and didnt have a good time with the colonel.  They
   each told stories and then left.
   Chapter 24: Characters Introduced--
   1. Old Madame Pontellier (OMP)-LP's mother
   Summary-
   1. same
   2. EP's father is mad that she isn't going to the wedding.

   Class Notes:
   *creole-Louisiana born desendents of original French & Spanish settlers
   *woman-property(no individuality-only mother/wife)-treated as child,can't own property,no rights of
   court,
   *pontellier-bridge(story is bridge between Romantic & modern)
   *Edna- fails for children, not faithful, married out of rebellion
   *Leonce-critical of Edna, (perfect husband), makes money, brings presents, allows Edna to have
   other friends,
                  stay out on porch(let her do what she wants), have her own house
   *Mme. Ratignolle-5th kid, faithful, nothing out of home (19th century perfect woman)
   *Customs:
      1. talking freely to men (trusted wives to be faithful)--*Arobin-uses women,ruins rep.
      2. meet w/ other women on Tuesday-business relationships, entertain wives
   *theme-fantasy vs. reality
   *awakening-a realization
      1. seeing things through new eyes-****Ch 18 Henry Fleming The Red Badge of Courage
          +100 yrs of sleeping-common archtype
          +relationship with Robert (feelings)
          +Mme. Reisz-piano olayer elicits emotion from Edna (naked man(solitude, freedom) & flying
   bird)
          +three birds-in cage(constrained by society), broken wing(harmed by sociey), flying
   bord(freedom)
      2. physical/sexual awakening-Arobin-only sex,no love
          +Robert-can't go past society constraints
          +children symbols of tradition(society)-can't return to family
          +reject society, matred into sense of rebellion
          +biology is destiny
      3. Can't live in society--world wont make her happy---men wont make her happy(Robert abandons
   her)
   *Is suicide defeat or victory??
 

   Turn of the Screw-by Henry James
   Victorian England-prim&proper, fancy, stratified society divided by class&gender
   governess-middle class, poorly educated, to educate Flora (prepare for marriage).
              led lonely life (no association w/other servants)
   women-not show inteligence, limited interactions between men & women,
          no eye contact if dont know other sex
   clothing-told class...man-lack of hat->lower class
   men & women of different classes cant have relationships-->considered indecent
   modern novel because of ambiguity (unclear having many meaning)
   gothic novel-externals have terrifying scenery,ancient ruins, physical states of agitation,
   characters-sense of fear, impossible to resolve anxiety
   Governess->Douglas->narrator->1st person governess
   Characters:
   1.governess-infatuated w/master, saw ghosts
   2.Mrs. Grose-housekeeper
   3.Miles-brother,nephew of master
   4.Flora-sisrer,niece of master
   5.Peter Quint-ghost,vallet,(wore master's clothes),fell/died coming out of tavern
   6.Miss Jessle-ghost,affair w/Quint (tabu-classes)
   7.master
   8.Bly-house's name,big,vaccant,unwelcoming,cold,isolated
   Ghost-1.credibility of governess
         2.perfect description of Peter Quint w/o seeing him
         3.good vs. evil
         4.corrupted children(outside at night,kicked out of school)
         5. vissionary governess
         6. miles gains soul
   Psychological-1.hallucination
                 2. innocent children
                 3. mad governess
                 4. miles murdered
                 5. Mrs. Grose never sees ghosts