Ginkgophyta, which descends from the same common ancestor as the cycadophyta, has a single extant species – the Ginkgo biloba . It has deciduous fan-shaped leaves, and is dioecious. It has vestigial flagellated sperm and completely exposed seeds which do not develop in cones. Gingkos are highly adaptable to climate and pollution. Ginkgos developed recessed stomata only on the underside of their leaves to prevent water loss [Speer 1995], making them more advanced than previous divisions.

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