| ☉Antibiotics |
☉Mac R olide: Erythro(Red)mycin: R habdomyolysis: esp for
Streptococcus（赤地之「鍊」）
☉ Pseudomonas: Fortum+ Tobramycin(Genta)（Green：「綠」膿桿菌）
Streptococcus: Penicillin, Ampicillin, (Vancomycin)
Gonorrhea: 3rd Cefa（「淋」字部首是三撇）
Tetanus: Penicillin
Nocardia: Sulfonamides (Skin inoculation)（土壤菌）
Salmonella typhi: FQ, Sulfa,Rocephin, Ampicillin
Shigella: Cefixime(Cefspan), Ceftriaxone(Rocephin)
Vibrio, Chlamydia: Tetracycline（霍亂：four亂）
Legionella: erythromycin（紅軍）
|
| ☉Antibiotics |
☉Ceftazidine/Ceft R izxone: Fortum/Rocephin
|
☉Influenza
(Orthomyxoviridae): |
Hemagglutinin(H1-3),
Neuraminidase(N1-2)（H三畫，N兩畫）
Amantadine, Rimantadine : only for A
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir, Ribavirin(aerol) : for A & B（Z: 2也）
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| ☉Community acquired pneumonia |
S: Streptococcus pneumoniae
H: Hemophilus influenzae
E:(Ear或歪著看) Moraxella catarrhalis
→SHE: AOM
C: Chlamydia
M: Mycoplasma
L: Legionella
→→Tx: Pen, Amp,
|
| ☉CNS infection |
（腦膜三俠） Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Hib (most in children)
其他：Enterobacteriae (most in infant).... |
| ☉Herpes Simplex Encephalitis |
→→Temporal lobe involvement, sometimes hemorrhagic, and early involvement
of white matter are typical. The inferomedial portion of the temporal lobe
is most commonly affected on MRI, sometimes in association with
abnormalities of the cingulate gyrus.
→→Periodic complexes and periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges (PLEDs),
in the proper clinical context, are strongly suggestive of HSE.
|
| ☉Osteomyelitis |
lumbar > thoracic > cervical |
| ☉Viruses causing Hemorrhagic fever |
1.Lassa fever
2.Hantavirus: renal syndrome
3.Dengue fever
→Flavivirus, 4 serotypes
→chills, headache, retro-orbital pain on moving the eyes, lumbar backache,
and severe prostration(fatigue). Extreme aching in the legs and joints
,the bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae injected, transient flushing or
pale pink macular rash
→BT↑↑,relative bradycardia and hypotension. saddle-back temperature curve,
LAP(+)
→fever, rash, and headache and other pains constitute the dengue triad.
→leukopenia, Moderate albuminuria and a few casts
→Serologic diagnosis may be made by hemagglutination inhibiting and
complement fixation tests using paired sera but is →complicated by
cross-reactions with other flavivirus antibodies
→★★dengue hemorrhagic fever:
acute onset of high, continuous fever that lasts for 2 to 7 days;
hemorrhagic manifestations, including at least a positive tourniquet test
and petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, hematemesis, or melena;
hepatomegaly; thrombocytopenia (<= 100,000/µL); or ★hemoconcentration (Hct
increased by >= 20%).
→dengue shock syndrome : rapid weak pulse with narrowing of the pulse
pressure (<= 20 mm Hg) or hypotension with cold, clammy skin and
restlessness.
→Tx: In dengue hemorrhagic fever, the degree of hemoconcentration,
dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance must be evaluated immediately and
monitored closely for the first few days, since shock may occur or recur
precipitously.
4.Ebola
5.Yellow fever |
| ☉Catscratch disease (CSD) |
→self-limiting infectious disease characterized by edema and pain in the
lymph nodes (ie, regional lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis).
→malaise, anorexia
→Approximately 90% of patients have a history of exposure to a cat,
although the disease has been reported after exposure to squirrels, dogs,
goats, crab claws, and barbed wire.
→Bartonella henselae
→Erythromycin, Doxycycline, Antimycobacterials (Rifampin), Aminoglycosides
(Gentamicin) |
| ☉Endophthalmitis |
in DM: K.p |
| ☉Malaria |
1.Plasmodium vivax./ovale: classic paroxysms(fever spikes, chills, rigors)
2.Plasmodium falciparum:
→Cerebral malaria
→hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, pul.edema,ATN
→Blackwater fever: massive hemolysis, black urine |
| ☉Immunocompromised pt |
1.Cell immunity: steroid, R/T, AIDS →→ Intracellular pathogen（住在細胞裡面）
2.Humoral immunity: CLL, MM, Hodgkin's, (nephrotic syndrome), splenectomy
→→ bacteria with capsule: S.pneumoniae, N.meningitides, H.
influenzae（體液用套套：淋病、美眉、熱狗與皮蛋）（腦膜三俠）
3.Neutropenia: ALL, C/T →→ G(-) bacteria, fungus（病房常見）
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