Never on a Sundae  01/14/06

Citing poor team performance under the nickname "Hot Sludge Sundae" (two consecutive 11th place finishes), owner Matt Grage has announced that the time has come for a change.  Effective immediately, the Grage franchise will be known as the Graging Bulls.

This marks the third name for the team since it's inception at Matt's Hard Hats in 2000.  The team finished last in that expansion season, but steadily improved under it's birth name, with finishes of 7th and 6th before taking 2nd place in the 2003 season.  Despite being on the cusp of victory, the franchise went into the 2004 season under the Hot Sludge Sundae moniker with fittingly sludgy results.  After two years in 11th place, Grage sensed it was again time for a change and made the switch to Graging Bulls, easily the best of the team's three names.

Grage joins Charter CFCL Owner Paul Mahlan as the only owner to rename his team twice.  A brief history of CFCL franchise name changes:

• One of the Original Six CFCL teams, Ben T's Electric Eels finish last in the leagues inaugural season, then changed their name to Dem Rebels prior to 1985.
• Another of the Original Six, went through the league's first season as Paul's Penguins, spent the following year, 1985, as Paul's Bunyans, then reverted to Paul's Penguins in 1986.  Their owner, Paul Mahlan, is now a member of the Lambchop front office.
• McGwire's Picks joined the CFCL in 1988 and left the league following the 1990 season.  After a two-year exile, owner Pat McGwire return with a franchise cleverly named the Twin Picks.
• When Harry Witzke left the CFCL, splitting up the first co-ownership in league history, remaining owner Bruce Ellman renamed Bruce's Witzke a Go-Go to Tenacious B. 
• The Scotland Wiseguys joined the CFCL in 1989 and were renamed before ever drafting their first player.  When their owner failed to show up on Draft Day, the team was rechristened the Headless Horsemen.  Their roster was drafted by a committee made up of all CFCL owners and then left to coast through the season, in which they finished a distant last.  Details about these bizarre Draft Day goings on can be found under 1989 in the Draft Histories section.
• Recent CFCL addition Kenn Ruby's franchise played its first season as By Kennen, before changing to the baseball-themed Kenndoza Line before their sophomore year.

Dogs Depart   02/13/06

Reservoir Dogs owner Jason Grey announced today that he is withdrawing from the CFCL.  The league immediately launched a search for a replacement owner by contacting prospective candidates who have been on a waiting list -- in some cases for over two years. 

The Reservoir Dogs joined the CFCL prior to the 2002 season and posted a roller coaster track record in their four years with the league.  After finishing in 11th place their first year, they improved to 3rd place in their sophomore season.  They followed that up with an 8th place finish in 2004 before taking 2nd place honors last season.  Despite the small sample size, the Dogs' record of 50% money-place finishes is impressive, and Grey leaves the league with the second-highest career Power Rating among active owners.

The CFCL hopes to move quickly in terms of identifying an owner to take over the Reservoir Dog franchise, as Spring Training is set to begin within a matter of days.

Bob Boryca Finally Joins CFCL  02/16/06

Moving quickly after former Reservoir Dogs owner Jason Grey withdrew from the CFCL, the league has tabbed Bob Boryca as Grey's replacement.  Boryca represented a ready-made solution to the CFCL's , having been at the top of the waiting list for a franchise in the league for over two years.  

Boryca first contacted the CFCL in January 2004 when the league had openings for two owners.  Nine candidates vied for the spots, and in the end Boryca came within a single vote of joining the league for the 2004 season.  

After missing out on a spot in the CFCL, Boryca ended up joining the Chicago-based Veeck League, and piloted Mo's Red Hots to a money finish in his rookie season.   Coincidentally, another Veeck League team had new ownership that year --BK Roilers was managed by Kelly Barone and Bruce Ellman, the former CFCL owners whose departures had opened the CFCL spots that Boryca narrowly missed out on.

Despite playing in another league and then taking the 2005 season off completely, Boryca stayed in contact with the CFCL, making it clear that he was still interested in joining the league if a spot became available.  When Grey announced his departure, it didn't take long for CFCL owners to approve Boryca's entry into the CFCL.

Boryca Honors Grandfather, Friend with Team Name  02/18/06

New CFCL owner Bob Boryca unveiled the name of his franchise today: Mo's Red Hots.  The name is a carry-over from his successful rookie season in the Veeck League.  Boryca says he created the team name in a tribute to his Grandpa Moe, who owned and ran Moe's Red Hots, a Chicago-style fast food place; and his good friend (and Veeck League partner) whose nickname is P-MO. 

Bob hopes the name brings him the same good luck that it did in the 2004 Veeck League season.

CFCL Owners Approve Rule Changes  02/19/06

The CFCL owners today approved several Executive Committee proposals for rule changes and clarifications.  Nine of the current 11 franchises participated in the voting  The DoorMatts and Da Paul Meisters did not submit ballots.  

The results of the ballots received were:

• In a 9-0 vote, owners agreed with the EC recommendation that all free agents signed after August 31 should receive contracts through the end of the season only, regardless of when they originally entered the Free Agent Pool.

• In a 9-0 vote, owners voted to retain the current restrictions on when CFCL teams can make mid-week player moves.  The reporting of an actual MLB transaction having been completed will continue to be the only event that will qualify for a mid-week transaction.

• In a 9-0 vote, owners voted to continue granting Home Town Discount rights for B-contract players who are acquired after the CFCL trading deadline.

• In a 9-0 vote, owners endorsed the plan to create a new "S" contract designation.  S contracts will run through the end of the current season only and will be assigned to free agents acquired after August 31.  They are similar to B contracts, but do not carry Home Town Discount rights as B contracts do.

• In a 9-0 vote, owners agreed that players whose negotiating rights are held by American League teams (for example, college players they have drafted but not yet signed) should be considered AL-property and thus not eligible to be selected in the Rotation Draft on Draft Day.

• In a 9-0 vote, owners approved the proposal that players who are unsigned by a major league team at the time of their selection in the Rotation Draft and who end up as American League property without first having belonged to a National League team, should be automatically released.

• In an 8-1 vote, owners approved the clarification that the salaries of M-contract players who are currently in American League farm systems do not count against their CFCL team's Draft Day spending limit.

• In a 9-0 vote, owners agreed that M-contract players who are traded to the American League mid-season and are subsequently activated by their American League team cannot be activated by their CFCL team.

• On the subject of American League players and Winter Waivers, owners voted to adopt the requirement that teams must waive a player for each one they claim on Winter Waivers -- they can no longer simply release an American League player to create an opening.  The player can be an American League player and that player can subsequently be claimed in the following round of waivers.  Five owners voted for that proposal, while three owners voted to leave the rule as-is.  There was a single vote for the proposal requiring teams to waive a National League player for each player claimed in Winter Waivers.

One measure that did not pass was the vote on whether to raise the Entrance Fee by $5 per team for the 2006 season.  The Constitution's Escalator Clause, which calls for such a vote every other year, states that 75% of CFCL franchises must be in favor of a fee increase for it to be adopted.  In this year's voting, there were four votes against raising the fee and five in favor of it, three votes short of the required 75%.  As a result, the Entrance Fee will remain the same for the coming season and CFCL owners will vote on a $5 increase again next season.

Red Hots and Stones Start 2006 Trading   03/13/06

Leave it to the new guy to kick the 2006 pre-season into gear...  Mo's Red Hots, barely a month old, have traded catcher Paul LoDuca (.15C) to Steve's Stones for relievers Jorge de la Rosa (.02D) and Justin Lehr (.02D).   The deal marks not only the first trade in Red Hot history, but also the first of 2006.

Pre-season trading has been uncharacteristically slow to start this year.  In recent season, there have typically been at least a couple trades made within the first two months of the year.  Things are sure to heat up, though, as teams prepare their rosters for Draft Day, which is less than three weeks away.

Meisters Acquire Biggio in Roster Freeze Deal   03/27/06

In just the second trade of what has been a very quiet off-season trade market, Da Paul Meisters today acquired second baseman Craig Biggio (.13D) from David's Copperfields for a pair of the Meisters 2006 Rotation Draft picks.

The deal helped the Copperfields rebuild their stable of Rotation Draft picks, which had been depleted during their drive towards the 2005 Championship, while Biggio will be a relative youngster in the Meisters' AARP stable.

Roster Freeze Day  03/27/06

In the last big event prior to Draft Day, CFCL teams reported the names of the players they re-signed and those they released.  In general there was wide-spread cost-cutting, as many expensive players were cut loose into the Draft Pool, including Bobby Abreu (.46), Carlos Beltran (.52), JD Drew (.29), Rafael Furcal (.37), Shawn Green (.33), Todd Helton (.46), Tim Hudson (.29), Andruw Jones (.37), Chipper Jones (.37), Pedro Martinez (.44), and Randy Winn (.33).  

That's not to say that there wasn't any spending going on.  The following players received raises and long-term commitments from their CFCL owners:

Miguel Cabrera (Copperfields) signed for 3 years at .17 (from an X contract)

Chris Carpenter (Ruffins) signed for 2 years at .06

Chad Cordero (Splendid Splinters) signed for 2 years at .11

Pedro Feliz (Dem Rebels) signed for 2  years at .08

Ryan Freel (Stones) signed for 2 years at .16

Derek Lee (Dem Rebels) signed for 2 years at .44

Ryan Madson (Stones) signed for 2 years at .06

Ben Sheets (Ruffins) signed for 2 years at .19

Chase Utley (Splendid Splinters) signed for 2 years at .15

Dontrelle Willis (DoorMatts) signed for 2 years at .15 (from an X contract)

Two players, were signed to X contracts:  Brad Hawpe (DoorMatts) and David Wright (Ruffins), each for .07.  The other player eligible for an X contract, Jason Lane, was just signed for his option year by the DoorMatts.

The following players who had been claimed on Winter Waivers during the off-season made the final cut and were retained by their new teams:

Ray King (Graging Bulls)

Cory Lidle (Lambchops)

Tomo Ohka (Stones)

Glendon Rusch (Dem Rebels)

Scott Williamson (Graging Bulls)

Some cuts came with a price tag, as three players were cut despite having guaranteed contracts:  

Luis Ayala (Dem Rebels)

Mark Prior (Graging Bulls)

Craig Wilson (Lambchops)

In each case, the team cutting the player will be penalized .05 and will have just $2.55 to spend for their Draft Day rosters, rather than the usual $2.60.

David's Ruffins and Dem Rebels kept the fewest players, and will enter the Draft needing to fill 15 roster spots each.  The Graging Bulls will have the most money to spend in the auction - $2.19 for the 13 players they need to acquire.  There will be plenty of other big spenders, though -- nine CFCL teams will have more than half of their budget to spend.   

Full details about roster cuts will be posted on the website by the morning of Wednesday March 29.

PLAY BALL!  2006 Season Kicks Off as Teams Set Opening Day Rosters 04/03/06

With the 2006 season about ready to begin, several CFCL teams fine-tuned their active rosters with the following transactions:

COPPERFIELDS reserve Larry Bigbie, Ramon Castro, and Chris Resop; activate Rickey Ledee, Mike Remlinger, and Kent Mercker.

RUFFINS reserve Jerome Williams and Sean Marshall; activate Frankie Osoria and Tony Armas, Jr.

DEM REBELS reserve Kelly Johnson; activate Mark Bellhorn.

DOORMATTS reserve Chuck James, activate Tyler Walker.

MO'S RED HOTS reserve Ryan Shealy, Ryan Klesko, and Woody Williams; activate Endy Chavez, Jason Repko, and Mike Burns.

SPLENDID SPLINTERS reserve Mark Prior, John Thomson, Armando Benitz, and Jay Bergmann; activate Brandon Backe, Todd Wellemeyer, Claudio Vargas, and Greg Aquino.

GRAGING BULLS reserve Junior Spivey and Ian Snell, activate Chad Bradford and Jamey Wright.

KENNDOZA LINE reserve Kaz Matsui, activate Damian Jackson.

STONES reserve Kerry Wood, Wade Miller, and Dan Uggla; activate Brian Bannister, Jorge Julio, and Taylor Buchholz.

Rosters have been entered at the Total Quality Stats site, and Excel rosters will be available in the Download Center later today.  The next transaction deadline will be 4:00 PM on Friday April 7 (with moves effective for Saturday's games).

Bulls Start Shedding Salary with Two Deals 05/10/06

The CFCL trade front has been nearly silent for quite a while, with only one minor trade being completed since last August.  Until now.  The Graging Bulls broke the silence this week with a couple of deals that also announced the beginning of the 2006 Dumping Season. 

In the first deal,  the Bulls sent third baseman Chipper Jones (.40D), outfielder Jeff DeVanon (.03D) and pitcher Jeff Hancock (.05D) to Kenndoza Line for infielder Alfredo Amezaga (.01D) and prospects Felix Pie (.05M) and Gio Gonzalez (.02M).  The trade was actually completed three days ago on May 7, but had been held up in the CFCL Front Office while some administrative details were ironed out.

The Bulls followed that up today by trading closer Brad Lidge (.37D) to the Splendid Splinters for pitcher Juan Cruz (.03D) and the Splinters' 3rd and 7th Rotation Draft picks in 2007.

The trades, the first of the 2006 season, came a couple  weeks earlier in the season than the first dump trade last year, and become the earliest dump deal since 2002.

Ruffins and Rebels Combine in Classic Hitting-for-Pitching Swap 05/10/06

Hot on the heels of the first two trades of the 2006 season, Dem Rebels and David's Ruffins have jumped into the fray.  Unlike those first two trades though, this was no dump deal.  Instead, each team traded from a strength in order to address an area of weakness.

In the deal completed this afternoon (effective on May 11), the Rebels sent closer Jason Isringhausen (.28D) to the Ruffins for outfielder Aaron Rowand and the Ruffins' 14th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007.

Stones Shake Things Up with Pair of Trades 05/28/06

Steve's Stones had a very busy Memorial Day weekend, completing a couple of trades.

In the first, they sent outfielder Ryan Freel (.16E), prospect Eric Patterson (.02M), and their 13th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007 to Dem Rebels for outfielder Brian Giles (.38C), outfielder Chris Duffy (.11C), and reliever Steve Kline (.02D).

They followed that up by swapping closer Billy Wagner (.36D) and pitcher Jae Seo (.08C) to David's Ruffins for pitcher Cole Hamels (.10D), reliever Rick White (.05D), and the Ruffins' 4th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007.

It's an interesting combination of deals.  For the Ruffins' part, they apparently see HoSv as a ripe category to move up in (the Ruffins added Jason Isringhausen to their bullpen just a couple weeks ago), and while they sit in 6th place at the time of the trade, they're only 10 HoSv off the lead.  Wagner should help whittle away some of those points.

The Rebels' acquisition of Freel and Patterson can be seen as a move for the future (Freel has one year remaining on a long-term deal), but will also help them this year, as they're bound to move up the ladder in SB.  Already trailing the league in TB, RS, and RBI, the loss of Giles won't hurt them any.

The Stones don't seem to be throwing in the towel yet either.  Hamels should help solidify their rotation, and Giles should give a nice boost to their offense.

Picts Pick Up Jones, Looper 06/06/06

Eric's Lambchops became the latest team to shift into rebuilding mode and celebrated Assistant GM Paul Mahlan's 30th birthday by putting the finishing touches on a six-player deal with Nick' Picts.

In the trade, the Picts acquired outfielder Andruw Jones (.43D) and reliever Braden Looper (.11B) for shortstop David Eckstein (.12C), catcher Javier Valentin (.07D), and bargain pitchers John Patterson (.01C) and Chad Qualls (.01C). 

The deal signals the Picts effort to secure their first-ever money finish in what is shaping up to be a very close, competitive race for the top four spots.

Red Hots Aim To Stay That Way  06/18/06

Bob Boryca, owner of the CFCL's rookie team Mo's Red Hots finds himself in an unfamiliar spot for CFCL newbies -- leading the pack as we approach the half-way point of the season.  With a lead that's hovered around double digits for most of the year, it would have been easy for Boryca to sit tight.  Instead, he's chosen to take a proactive approach toward maintaining his lead, putting together a 6-player deal with Steve's Stones. 

In the deal announced today, the Red Hots acquired outfielders Bob Abreu (.50D) and Geoff Jenkins (.20D), shortstop Adam Everett (.09B), reliever Danny Kolb (.01D), and the Stones' 7th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007.  In exchange, they sent shortstop Felipe Lopez (.01C), relievers Derrick Turnbow (.10C) and Todd Coffey (.01D), first base prospect Ryan Shealy (.01D), and their 3rd round Rotation Draft pick in 2007 to the Stones.

The trade is the second in the Red Hots' short history - both of them coming with the Stones.  The Hots hope this one turns out better than their earlier pre-season deal in which they sent catcher Paul LoDuca to the Stones for Jorge de la Rosa and Justin Lehr, neither of which are still with the team.

Splinters Add Speed with Rollins  07/13/06

Teddy's Splendid Splinters were the first CFCL team to take advantage of the newly-increased salary cap, acquiring shortstop Jimmy Rollins from David's Copperfields.  The move could net the Splinters a number of points, as Rollins could help vault the Splinters over several teams in a very tightly-packed SB category.

In the trade, the Splinters received Rollins (.24B) and Japanese pitching prospect Diasuke Matsuzaka (.02M).  In return, they sent third baseman Edwin Encarnacion (.05C), reliever Jonathan Broxton (.05D), and their 5 round Rotation Draft pick in 2005.

The trade involved a couple of homecomings.  Matsuzaka had originally been drafted by the Copperfields in the 2004 Rotation Draft.  Then, almost two years ago to the day, the Copperfields dealt Matsuzaka to the Splinters for outfielder Endy Chavez in an unsuccessful pennant drive.  When the Splinters let the pitcher go during Winter Waives following the 2005 season, the Copperfields reacquired him.  With is return to the Splinters today, Matsuzka has now been owned two different times by each of two different teams over the past two and a half years, and has yet to throw a single pitch for either of them.

Edwin Encarnacion was also selected by the Copperfields in the 2004 Rotation Draft.  Later that year, less than a week after trading Matsuzaka to the Splinters, the Copperfields traded Encarnacion to the Splinters as well. 

Bentel Cousins Team Up on Deal  07/13/06

In a rare trade, the DoorMatts have taken the first step in a run towards the pennant, sending prospects Hunter Pence (.05M) and Renyel Pinto (.05M) to Dem Rebels for second baseman Marcus Giles (.20B).

The deal marks the first for the DoorMatts since July of 2004.  That trade, with the Copperfields, was made on the same day that the Copperfields also traded Edwin Encarncion to the Splinters.  Interestingly, the DoorMatts next trade coincides with the Copperfields reaquiring Encarnacion from the Splinters. 

The trade is the first between the Bentel cousins since a 2001 pre-season deal.

Rebels Continue Dealing, Shoot Rocket to Ruffins  07/14/06

Hot on the heels of their trade with the DoorMatts a day earlier, the Rebels continued to move players, sending pitchers Roger Clemens (.15D) and Scott Eyre (.07D) to the Ruffins for second baseman Brandon Phillips (.07D) and the Ruffins 16th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007.

The Ruffins had acquired Phillips in a nearly-uncontested bid earlier in the season.  Now that he's netted the Ruffins the Rocket, plus a solid reliever to boot, Phillips will have to get heavy consideration for Best Free Agent Acquisition in the post-season awards voting. 

Ruffins Deal for Pierre  07/14/06

After addressing their pitching needs in a deal with the Rebels, the Ruffins continued their push for the 2006 CFCL title by acquiring some offensive speed in a deal with the Copperfields.

A day earlier, the Coppers had dealt one of their speedsters, Jimmy Rollins, to the Splinters.  In today's deal, they sent outfielder Juan Pierre (.35C), shortstop Omar Vizquel (.12C), and outfielder John Mabry (.15D) to the Ruffins for outfielder Jeremy Hermida (.10D), shortstop Ronny Cedeno (.06C), prospect Ian Stewart (.05M), and the Ruffins' 6th and 9th round Rotation Draft picks in 2007.

Rebels Complete Two More Deals  07/14/06

Dem Rebels have capped off a very busy day with their second and third deals of today.   

In the first, they traded speedy infielder/outfielder Ryan Freel (.16E) to Kenndoza Line for outfielder Matt Kemp (.05D) and the Line's 13th round 2007 Rotation Draft pick.

They then sent outfielder Aaron Rowand (.28D) and their 14th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007 to the Graging Bulls for prospect Felix Pie (.05M) and the Bulls' 8th and 13th round Rotation Draft picks in 2007.

Rowand on the Move Again, This Time to Red Hots  07/24/06

After a quiet 10 days, the CFCL trade winds have started to blow again.   In a deal completed last night, the Graging Bulls sent just-acquired outfielder Aaron Rowand (.28D) and pitcher Aaron Sele (.06D) to Mo's Red Hots for outfielder Andre Ethier (.12D), pitcher Dustin Nippert (.05M), and the Hots' 7th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007.

Kenndoza Line Acquire Lieber from Chops  07/25/06

In an effort to shore up their starting pitching for the stretch run, Kenndoza Line has acquired Jon Lieber (.18D) from the Lambchops.  In addition to Lieber, the Line received third baseman Scott Hatteberg (.06D).  In return, they send third baseman Jose Bautista (.05D) and reliever Matt Wise (.01C) to the Lambchops.

Picts Swap Offense/Relief to Shore Up Starting Corps  07/31/06

With most of their starting rotation struggling, Nick's Picts completed a deal today to acquire three starters from David's Copperfields.  The Picts have added Derek Lowe (.11C), Jeff Suppan (.03C), and Kip Wells (.05D) to their stable of available starters, and sent second baseman Josh Barfield (.10D) and relievers Takashi Saito (.24D) and Matt Capps (.10D) to the Copperfields in exchange.

Kenndoza Line and Copperfields Combine on 9-player Deal  07/31/06

Faced with injuries to infielders Chipper Jones and Nomar Garciaparra, and the need to strengthen their pitching, Kenndoza Line has acquired a talented, though expensive, package from David's Copperfields.  

The Copperfields sent third baseman Aramis Ramirez (.44D), infielder/outfielders Scott Spiezio (.06D) and Hector Luna (.01D), starter Pedro Martinez (.36D), and reliever Roberto Hernandez (.01D) to Kenndoza Line for first baseman Ryan Howard (.10C), outfielder Choo Freeman (.10D), pitchers Aaron Heilman (.07C) and David Bush (.07D), and Kenndoza Line's 7th round Rotation Draft pick in 2007.

While the deactivations of Jones and Garciaparra enabled the Line to take on the salaries of Ramirez and Martinez, the salary cap should cause some interesting maneuvering when the injured players are ready to return.

FAAB Balances 07/31/06

In preparation for the trading deadline and IFAB Day on August 1, the CFCL Front Office released updated FAAB balances and salary cap levels for each team.  The following numbers are as of 4:00 PM on July 31:

Quiet Trade Deadline  08/01/06

Compared to previous years, the mid-season trade deadline came and went with very little action -- at least on Deadline Day.  Most of the deals were made in the days leading up to the deadline.

There were two deals completed:

The 2006 trade period is over.  The CFCL now moves into a no-trade period which will last until the completion of the first round of Winter Waivers, which will probably be the second week of January 2007.

IFAB Day Results 08/01/06

Despite a less than exciting free agent market, there was still spirited bidding for Interleague Free Agent Bidding Day.   Here are the complete 2006 IFAB Day acquisitions:

SPLINTERS sign F Cordero (.24), reserve B Lidge, waive JD Closser.

KENNDOZA LINE sign J Lugo (.23), reserve him.

DEM REBELS sign K Mench (.24), reserve S Thorman, release Q McCracken.

COPPERFIELDS sign R Belliard (.15), reserve J Vidro, waive T Ishikawa.

STONES sign E Dessens (.07), reserve him, release N Cruz.

LAMBCHOPS sign K Lohse (.07), reserve him, waive T Bowyer.

STONES sign S Chacon (.06), reserve him, waive M Hinckley.

DEM REBELS sign L Matos (.05), reserve J Piedra, waive P Orr.

KENNDOZA LINE sign V Chulk (.05), reserve him, waive A Hernandez.

NOTE:  Players waived for IFAB Day cannot be claimed on waivers until Friday August 11.

Details on the bidding were as follows:

CFCL Rosters Expand 09/01/06

5 CFCL teams took advantage of September 1 roster expansion and added an extra player to their active roster.  From now until the end of the season, teams may field 24-man active rosters, though they are still limited to 40-man rosters overall.  The in-season salary cap was increased to $3.60 to allow for the additional active player.

The teams that activated players today were:

Team	Player
Copperfields	Clay Hensley
Graging Bulls	Ray King
Kenndoza Line	Jon Lieber
Red Hots	Joe Randa
Ruffins	Craig Wilson