Trabajo realizado por nuestro socio y
amigo Arq. Rick Clark
(Mas detalles verlos en la segunda página)
Misión
Nombre de Dios, St. Augustine,
Florida
America was founded, not at
Plymouth Rock
But at a port in Florida, where Spaniards first did walk
Ponce de Leon sailed from southern Spain
He rode beside Columbus through winds and driving rain
From Caribbean,
he guided his own team
And led a
group of dreamers to find the “youthful” stream
He scoured the land from east to west, the “fountain” was his goal
He never found that extra special water from a hole
The premier town was founded in Fifteen
Sixty-Five
St. Augustine, a place of
charm, a place that came alive
Nombre de Dios, in the “Name of God”
First
mission just for worship on this American sod
We hope these days are filled with
happiness and cheer
May water drops of youth
follow you next year
Rick & Nilsa Clark, 2006
MARZO 4,
2007
CONCIERTO
DE PIANO
Con el aclamado pianista español
DAVID GOMEZ
En
la Iglesia “Immaculate Conception”
(Old Town)
En el Serra Hall
RESERVA
ESTA FECHA EN TU CALENDARIO
(Mas detalles enviaremos por
correo)
SPAIN IN THE UNITED STATES
Excerpts from an article by Tony
Horwitz, July 9, 2006; Vineyard Haven, Mass
Coursing through the immigration debate is the
unexamined faith that American history rests on English bedrock, or Plymouth
Rock to be specific. So amid the din over border control, the Senate affirms
the self-evident truth that English is our national language. Border
vigilantes call themselves Minutemen, summoning colonial Massachusetts as they apprehend Hispanics
in the desert Southwest. Even undocumented immigrants invoke our Anglo
founders, waving placards that read, "The Pilgrims didn't have
papers."
These newcomers are well indoctrinated; four of the sample questions on our
naturalization test ask about Pilgrims. Nothing in the sample exam suggests
that prospective citizens need know anything that occurred on this continent
before the Mayflower landed in 1620. Few Americans do, after all.
This national amnesia isn't new, but it's glaring and supremely paradoxical
at a moment when politicians warn of the threat posed to our culture and
identity by an invasion of immigrants from across the Mexican border. If
Americans hit the books, they'd find what Al Gore would call an inconvenient
truth. The early history of what is now the United States was Spanish, not
English, and our denial of this heritage is rooted in age-old stereotypes
that still entangle today's immigration debate.
Forget for a moment the millions of Indians who occupied this continent for
13,000 or more years before anyone else arrived, and start the clock with
Europeans' presence on present-day United States soil. The first
confirmed landing wasn't by Vikings, who reached Canada
in about 1000, or by Columbus, who reached the Bahamas in 1492. It was by a
Spaniard, Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 at
a lush shore he christened La Florida.
Most Americans associate the early Spanish in this hemisphere with Cortez in Mexico and Pizarro in Peru. But Spaniards pioneered the
present-day United States,
too. Within three decades of Ponce de León's
landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachians,
the Mississippi, the Grand Canyon and the Great Plains. Spanish ships sailed along the East
Coast, penetrating to present-day Bangor, Me., and up the Pacific
Coast as far as Oregon.
From 1528 to 1536, four castaways from a Spanish expedition, including a
"black" Moor, journeyed all the way from Florida
to the Gulf of California -- 267 years
before Lewis and Clark embarked on their much more renowned and far less
arduous trek. In 1540, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led 2,000 Spaniards and
Mexican Indians across today's Arizona-Mexico border -- right by the
Minutemen's inaugural post -- and traveled as far as central Kansas, close to the exact geographic center of what is
now the continental United
States. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English tried to
colonize, at Roanoke Island,
N.C.
The Spanish didn't just explore, they settled, creating the first permanent
European settlement in the continental United
States at St.
Augustine, Fla., in
1565. Santa Fe, N.M.,
also predates Plymouth: later came Spanish
settlements in San Antonio, Tucson,
San Diego and San Francisco. The Spanish even established
a Jesuit mission in Virginia's Chesapeake
Bay 37 years before the founding of Jamestown
in 1607.
Two iconic American stories have Spanish antecedents, too. Almost 80 years
before John Smith's alleged rescue by Pocahontas, a man by the name of Juan
Ortiz told of his remarkably similar rescue from execution by an Indian girl.
Spaniards also held a thanksgiving, 56 years before the Pilgrims, when they
feasted near St. Augustine
with Florida Indians, probably on stewed pork and garbanzo beans.
The early history of Spanish North America is well documented, as is the
extensive exploration by the 16th-century French and Portuguese. So why do
Americans cling to a creation myth centered on one band of late- arriving
English -- Pilgrims who weren't even the first English to settle New England or
the first Europeans to reach Plymouth Harbor? (There was a short-lived colony
in Maine and the French reached Plymouth earlier.)
The easy answer is that winners write the history and the Spanish, like the
French, were ultimately losers in the contest for this continent. Also, many
leading American writers and historians of the early 19th century were New
Englanders who elevated the Pilgrims to mythic status (the North's victory in
the Civil War provided an added excuse to diminish the Virginia story).
While it's true that our language and laws reflect
English heritage, it's also true that the Spanish role was crucial. Spanish
discoveries spurred the English to try settling America and paved the way for the
latecomers' eventual success. Many key aspects of American history, like
African slavery and the cultivation of tobacco, are rooted in the forgotten
Spanish century that preceded English arrival.
There's another, less-known legacy of this early period that explains why
we've written the Spanish out of our national narrative. As late as 1783, at
the end of the Revolutionary War, Spain held claim to roughly half of today's
continental United States (in 1775, Spanish ships even reached Alaska). As
American settlers pushed out from the 13 colonies, the new nation craved
Spanish land. And to justify seizing it, Americans found a handy weapon in a
set of centuries-old beliefs known as the "black legend."
The legend first arose amid
the religious strife and imperial rivalries of 16th-century Europe.
Northern Europeans, who loathed Catholic Spain and envied its American
empire, published books and gory engravings that depicted Spanish
colonization as uniquely barbarous: an orgy of greed, slaughter and papist
depravity, the Inquisition writ large.
Though simplistic and embellished, the legend contained elements of
truth. Juan de Oñate,
the conquistador who colonized New
Mexico, punished Pueblo Indians by cutting off
their hands and feet and then enslaving them. Hernando de Soto bound Indians in chains and neck collars
and forced them to haul his army's gear across the South. Natives were thrown
to attack dogs and burned alive.
But there were Spaniards of
conscience in the New World, too: most
notably the Dominican priest Bartolomé de Las Casas, whose defense of Indians impelled the Spanish, crown
to pass laws protecting natives. Also, Spanish brutality wasn't unique;
English colonists committed similar atrocities. The Puritans were arguably
more intolerant of natives than the Spanish and the Virginia colonists as greedy for gold as
any conquistador. But none of this erased the black legend's enduring stain,
not only in Europe but also in the newly formed United States.
"Anglo Americans," writes David J. Weber, the pre-eminent historian
of Spanish North America, "inherited the view that Spaniards were
unusually cruel, avaricious, treacherous, fanatical, superstitious, cowardly,
corrupt, decadent, indolent and authoritarian."
When 19th-century jingoists revived this caricature to justify invading
Spanish (and later, Mexican) territory, they added a new slur: the mixing of
Spanish, African and Indian blood had created a degenerate race. To Stephen
Austin, Texas's fight with Mexico
was "a war of barbarism and of despotic principles, waged by the mongrel
Spanish-Indian and Negro race,
against civilization and the Anglo-American race. It was the manifest destiny
of white Americans to seize and civilize these benighted lands, just as it
was to take the territory
of Indian savages.
From 1819 to 1848, the United States
and its army increased the nation's area by roughly a third at Spanish and
Mexican expense, including three of today's four most populous states: California, Texas and Florida. Hispanics
became the first American citizens in the newly acquired Southwest territory
and remained a majority in several states until the 20th century.
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Nacimiento:
El pasado 2 de enero nació el precioso niño Gabriel, hijo de nuestra amiga
y socia, Margarita Zamora.
Nuestras felicitaciones a la madre y a toda la familia
Viajeros: - Damos la bienvenida a la
Sra. Maria de Laguno viuda de O’Donnell, madre de
Angelines Olson.
Esperamos que su estancia sea placentera.
De Salud: Nuestros pensamientos y
oraciones están con nuestra querida amiga y socia Mary
Herms, deseándole su pronta recuperación.
También saludamos a su esposo Henry
quien tuvo una operación. Esperamos que los dos tengan una rápida mejoría.
- De igual manera
saludamos a nuestra socia Dina Mariona y muy
especialmente a su hijo Keneeth,
esperando se encuentre recuperado muy pronto.
- Nuestros deseos por una pronta
recuperación a la hermana de nuestro socio y amigo Rosino
Serrano Galán
Fallecimiento: Nuestros sentimientos
de pesar a Martha Alicia Hidalgo y su familia, por la muerte de su esposo, Edward
Hidalgo.
DONACIONES PARA LA CASITA
Ebby Valentín $ 50.00
Leonardo
y Olga Morales 20.00
Katrine Mautino, 25.00
Dr.
Diego Cárdenas 50.00
Monique Caron & Luis Jarquin 100.00
El pasado 6 de Enero en un hermoso salón del Parque
Balboa realizamos la tradicional Fiesta de los Santos Reyes.
Con una asistencia de más de 50 personas y en
especial un gran numero de niños, tuvimos una tarde inolvidable, en la que
además de disfrutar los pequeños de los regalos de los Reyes, los mayores
tuvimos la oportunidad de conocer nuevas caras y disfrutar de la deliciosa
comida. Además de los regalos a los
niños, se rifó una cesta de vinos, quesos y
dulces, donada por Sonia Jaykell y Susi Lusti. Agradecemos a todos
los voluntarios que hicieron posible que esta fiesta fuera un éxito. Aquí les
ponemos algunas fotos:
Los tres
Reyes Magos
Algunos de los
invitados con sus niños
Disfrutando con los Reyes Sonia y la
Cesta de Regalos que se rifó
HABLAR DOS
IDIOMAS, AMINORA LA DEMENCIA SENIL
Toronto.- Investigadores canadienses han llegado a la conclusión de que conocer
más de un idioma reduce las posibilidades de tener demencia senil.
Hablar bien más
de un idioma ayudará a retrasar esta enfermedad, ya que la mente esta ágil para
cambiar de un idioma a otro, dice
la Dra. Ellen Bialystok,
principal investigadora de este estudio.
Cómo usted
aprenda otra lengua, no es importante; si su gramática es buena o mala,
posiblemente tampoco importa, Lo que
importa es que usted sepa manejar dos sistemas de lenguaje al mismo tiempo.
La Dra. Bialystok, científica asociada al “Rotman
Research Institute of the Baycrest
Centre for Geriatric Care” en Toronto, ha dicho que los resultados del estudio
no han sido una sorpresa, pero que fueron mas dramáticos de lo que ella había
anticipado.
Mirando a las
184 personas estudiadas, el equipo investigador encontró diferencias
importantes en el tiempo de aparición de la demencia, las mismas que se
relacionan con la deficiencia mental más allá de los efectos normales de la
edad.
Entre las
personas que hablan un idioma, la demencia empieza en los hombres
aproximadamente a los 70.8 años de edad y en las mujeres a los 71.9. Pero entre
aquellos que conocen dos o más idiomas, la demencia no comienza a aparecer en
los hombres hasta una edad de 76.1 y en las mujeres hasta 75.1.
Los
investigadores creen que sus hallazgos no se basan en diferencias culturales,
historia de inmigración, educación, ocupación u otros factores. En efecto, las
personas investigadas que hablaban un idioma generalmente tenían más educación,
por lo cual hubiera sido de esperar que hubiera un retraso en la aparición de
la demencia.
Bajo el
termino “demencia” están algunas enfermedades que afectan la memoria,
habilidades del lenguaje, la capacidad de concentración y la habilidad de
resolver problemas. Alzheimer’s
es conocida como la forma mas destructiva de demencia, dado que tiene el poder
de robar a la persona su memoria y eventualmente de su persona.
Mesa
Directiva
Presidenta: Ma.
Jesús Ferri Tel. 858-569-6381
Vicepresidenta: Sonia Ortega Jaykell “ 858-569-5225
Secretario: Pedro Sánchez Catalá “ 619-683-2743
Tesorero:
José B. Pazos “ 619-238-4575
Vocales
Julio Alcalá,
Regla Dee, Sagrario Din, Michael
Farris
Diana Hardt, Natacha Schrantz, Silvio Venereo
Editora
Cecilia
Anguera
Telf: 858-278-8664