Vatican drawn into scandal over Nazi-era gold
July 22, 1997
Web posted at: 11:16 a.m. EDT (1516 GMT)
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Newly declassified documents in the United
States allege that the Vatican served as a postwar repository
of Nazi-era gold. But the Vatican quickly denied the allegation.
In what is believed to be the first such evidence of Vatican complicity,
a document uncovered by researchers points to 200 million Swiss
francs, mostly in gold coins, held for members of the ousted Nazi
puppet government of Croatia after the fall of Nazi Germany.
It is estimated that if the 200 million Swiss francs were still
held today, it would be valued at about $170 million, plus hundreds
of millions more in accumulated interest.
However, on Tuesday the Vatican rejected the accusation. "There
is no basis in reality to the report," said Vatican spokesman
Joaquin Navarro-Valls.
The spokesman added that the allegations were based on an anonymous
source and were of questionable reliability.
TV producers uncover 1946 document
According to the declassified document, dated October 21, 1946,
"Approximately 200 million Swiss francs was originally held
in the Vatican for safe-keeping." The document is a memo
from Treasury agent Emerson Bigelow to his superior.
Other documents establish that Bigelow received reliable information
from the American Overseas Special Services, precursor of the
CIA, on Nazi wealth held in specific Swiss bank accounts.
The document surfaced after A&E Television producers Stephen
Crisman and Gaylen Ross finished a two-hour documentary on Switzerland's
handling of Nazi gold during and after the war.
Other researchers have vouched for the document's authenticity.
It contained declassification markings dated December 31, 1996.
Memo: Vatican held Nazi puppets' gold
The memo quotes a "reliable source in Italy," apparently
a U.S. intelligence source, as saying the Ustasha organization,
the Nazi-installed government of Croatia during the war, removed
350 million Swiss francs from Yugoslavia funds it had confiscated.
The memo says 150 million Swiss francs was impounded by British
authorities at the Austria-Swiss border and the balance was held
in the Vatican.
While stating that as a fact, it says rumors say a considerable
portion of the Vatican-held money was sent to Spain and Argentina
through the Vatican's "pipeline," but says this might
be a "smokescreen to cover the fact that the treasure remains
in its original repository" at the Vatican.
Croatia's fascist Ustashas exterminated hundreds of thousands
of Serbs, Jews and Gypsies during the war, in line with Nazi Germany
policies of ethnic cleansing and "racial purity."
Historians have denounced the Vatican for its links with the regime
led by Ante Pavelic. A Croatian cardinal was convicted by the
postwar Croatian communist government of abetting war crimes.
The latest allegations come amid more efforts by Swiss banks to
counter accusations of non-cooperation regarding Nazi gold and
Holocaust assets in Swiss bank vaults.
Swiss banks to list dormant accounts
The Swiss Bankers Association, meantime, is expected to unveil
a long-awaited list of the owners of dormant accounts from before
1945.
The association is scheduled to make the list public on Wednesday.
Although no details have been released, the association reportedly
plans to publish the list in newspapers around the world.
The list and details of the claims procedure also will be available
on the Internet, with the address of the site to be made public
at a news conference on Wednesday, an association spokesman said.
Ahead of the news conference, a spokeswoman for the association
described the move as unprecedented, and said it was aimed at
"ensuring justice for victims of the Holocaust."
After intense international pressure, Switzerland set up two commissions
of independent researchers to seek assets left by Holocaust victims
and detail the country's role as financial marketplace during
World War II.
But as the matching of lost accounts to present-day heirs remains
slow, the banks have agreed to a proposal for the public list
from the commission seeking lost assets. That body was set up
by Swiss banks and the World Jewish Congress, and is headed by
former U.S. central bank chief Paul Volcker.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed
to this report.
Related stories:
* Swiss envoy promises full disclosure on unclaimed Holocaust
accounts - May 30, 1997
* Guard who turned over Swiss banking files seeks protection in
U.S. Senate visit - May 7, 1997
* Switzerland proposes $4.7 billion fund for Nazi victims - Mar.
5, 1997
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