Idioma basico intensivo

UNIVERSIDAD YACAMBU

Materia: Idioma basico intensivo

Facilitadora: Neyda Díaz

Elaborado por: Betsy Argüelles

El participante debe investigar

what’s The Noun Phrase give examples, The Verb Phrase with examples and The Phrasal verbs, with examples (In English)

Development

In grammatical theory, a noun phrase (abbreviated NP) is a phrase whose head is a noun or a pronoun, optionally accompanied by a set of modifiers

Nouns

To begin our discussion, we must first establish the notion of a noun.

English teachers commonly identify nouns by their content. They describe nouns as words that "identify people, places, or things," as well as feelings or ideas—words like salesman , farm , balcony , bicycle , and trust. If you can usually put the word a or the before a word, it’s a noun. If you can make the word plural or singular, it's a noun. But don't worry...all that is needed at the moment is a sense of what a noun might be.

1. Noun phrases: the basics.

A Noun phrase is a phrase constructed around a Noun. In this sense, we will say that the Noun 'heads' its phrase. Noun phrases in Euskara have a very fixed word order, in contrast to the sentences, where phrases can be arranged in many different ways. Let us consider a few examples:

(1)

a.
we-gen baby small-the
'our small baby'

b.
girl young this
'this young girl'

c.
Bilbo-from seven man
'seven men from Bilbo'

d.
smart-the is-that woman-the
'the woman that is smart'

EXAMPLES OF NOUN PHRASES:

EG: John was late.

('John' is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)

EG: The people that I saw coming in the building at nine o'clock have just left.

('The people ... nine o'clock' is a lengthy noun phrase, but it functions as the subject of the main verb 'have just left'.)

The structure of noun phrases
As I said, noun phrases can be infinite in length, but they would sound absurd if they got too long. So let's take the following noun phrase as our working model:

"The very tall education consultant with the roving eye"
The structure of this noun phrase contains three sections:

+Pre-modification
;The =determiner
;very =adverb (intensifying)
;tall = adjective
;education = pre-modifying noun
+Head noun
;consultant
+Post-modification
;with the roving eye = preposition phrase

Of course, each and every part of the noun phrase can be changed, but here is a summary of some fundamental changes in which it could changed:

A relative clause could replace the preposition phrase.
'The man with the hat' becomes 'The man who is wearing the hat'.

There could be a string of adjectives (and pre-modifying nouns) instead of just one. Both of these systems have their own structural rules.
'The big brown wooden box.' Or 'The world cup football competition.'

A numeral or cardinal could be inserted after the determiner.
'Do you remember the time I bumped into you in the park?' can become 'Do you remember the first time I bumped into you in the park?'

There can be 'embedding' (e.g. 'the roving eye' is also an noun phrase and can be made more complex in the same way as 'the…consultant'!)
'The roving eye which he had cultivated for so many years'.

Any part of the noun phrase can simply be stripped away (apart from the word 'The' here, as 'consultant' is not an noun phrase in itself )
So 'The very tall education consultant with the roving eye' can become 'The tall education consultant with the roving eye' (here 'very' has been deleted).
To sum up, noun phrases are a very simple ideas in themselves, but they can be extremely complex in how they manifest themselves in actual language.

THE VERB PHRASE

Definition

Here are two senses for verb phrase:

1. In traditional terminology, a verb phrase is a phrase that

has the syntactic role of a simple verb, and
is composed of a main verb and auxiliary verbs or verbal particles related syntactically to the verb.

2. In generative grammar, a verb phrase is a syntactic unit that corresponds to the predicate. In addition to the verb, this includes auxiliaries, objects, object complements, and other constituents apart from the subject.

In the generative grammar framework, the verb phrase is a phrase headed by a verb. A verb phrase may be constructed from a single verb; often, however, the verb phrase will consist of various combinations of the main verb and any auxiliary verbs, plus optional specifiers, complements, and adjuncts. For example, consider the following sentences:

(1)

a. Yankee batters hit the ball to win their first World Series since 2000.
b. Mary saw the man through the window.
c. John gave Mary a book.

Example (1a) contains the verb phrase made up only of the verb hit. The verb to win, in infinitive form, is used here in a prepositional phrase (to win their first World Series). Example (1b) contains the main verb see, the noun phrase (NP) complement the man, and the prepositional phrase (PP) adjunct through the window. Additionally, example (1c) contains the main verb gave, and two noun phrases Mary and a book, both selected by the verb in this case.

Note that according to this definition, the verb phrase corresponds to what is commonly called the predicate.

Up to the mid/late 1980s, it was thought that some languages lacked a verb phrase. These included languages with extremely free word order (so-called non-configurational languages, such as Japanese, Hungarian, or Australian aboriginal languages), and languages with a default VSO order (several Celtic and Oceanic languages). The current view in generative grammar is that all languages have a verb phrase, including the ones just mentioned. The apparent lack of a verb phrase is a consequence of constituents having moved from their positions.

PHRASAL VERB

A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and preposition, any of which are part of the syntax (of the sentence), and so are a complete semantic unit. Its sentences may, however, contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which is different from the original verb.

Phrasal verbs are usually used informally in everyday speech as opposed to the more formal Latinate verbs, such as “to get together” rather than “to congregate”, “to put off” rather than “to postpone”, or “to get out” rather than “to exit”.

Many verbs in English can be combined with an adverb or a preposition, and readers or listeners will easily understand a phrasal verb used in a literal sense with a preposition:

· "He walked across the square."

Verb and adverb constructions can also easily be understood when used literally:

· "She opened the shutters and looked outside."

· "When he heard the crash, he looked up."

An adverb in a literal phrasal verb modifies the verb it is attached to, and a preposition links the subject to the verb.

Next do the following exercises.

Exercises
Identify the Head in each of the following bracketed noun phrases:

1. [Cats] make very affectionate pets
2. [The editor] rejected the manuscript.
3. We drove through [an enormous forest] in Germany
4. [People who cycle] get very wet
5. We really enjoy [the funny stories he tells]
6. I like [the title of your book]
7. I enjoy eating [in Indian restaurants]
8. [The roads from Paris] were blocked.
9. [The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons] is the Prime Minister.
10. [The Canadian House of Commons] was abolished in 1801.
11. [The Coat of Arms] was introduced by King Richard I.
12. We saw [the boy running down the street].

Verbs Phrases
Review Verb Tense

I. In the following sentences, identify whether the highlighted verb or compound verb is formed correctly:

1. Beryl had wringed all of water out of the clothes before she hung them on the line.

1. This compound verb is correctly formed.
2. This compound verb is not correctly formed.

2. Last night the wind shooked the house so much that I could not sleep.

1. This verb is correctly formed.
2. This verb is not correctly formed.

3. Once he had written a letter or two, he went upstairs and listened to his short-wave radio.