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{\title THE CYDONIA II REPORT}{\author Steven Vincent Johnson}{\operator Steven Vincent Johnson}{\creatim\yr1996\mo9\dy29\hr16\min42}{\revtim\yr1997\mo1\dy27\hr21\min34}{\printim\yr1996\mo9\dy29\hr14\min13}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages36}
{\nofwords17007}{\nofchars96944}{\*\company Orion Works}{\vern57431}}\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\aftnnar\notabind\wraptrsp\transmf\truncatefontheight\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0 \fet0\sectd \linex0\headery1440\footery1440 {\footer 
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\par }\pard \s16\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640 
\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc\nowidctlpar \f4\fs20 {\b\fs32 THE CYDONIA II REPORT
\par }{\b\fs28 The Wallkill River Valley Connection
\par 
\par Dr. Bruce Cornet
\par }{\fs24 
\par }{\b\fs24 ABSTRACT
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\fs24 
The concept that human evolution and civilization has developed along a linear path is the established viewpoint taught at most schools and universities.  A growing body of evidence is being brought to light by a number of dedicated and ethical researcher
s who have reco
gnized that too many anomalous bits of information or data do not fit the traditional and accepted model.  Up until recently only tantalizing pieces of evidence for a much earlier civilization have been found, but all of that evidence has been either igno
red, dismissed, or even ridiculed by recognized experts.  Now artifacts and structures that can be dated to at least the last interglacial epoch (known as the Eemian, which lasted from about 140 kya to 115 kya) have been discovered in North America along 
the north\_
running Wallkill River in upper New York State.  Not one or two structures, but a whole complex of manmade structures has been recognized stretching over a 200 square mile area.  Evidence is presented here that this complex was a virtual duplicate
 of the Cydonia complex of enigmatic anomalies on Mars, which were discovered by the Viking missions in 1976.  The complex on Earth has been heavily damaged by glaciation and erosion, but outlines and remnant expressions of structures fitting the Martian 
Fa
ce, Tholus, Crater and Hill, outline of the gigantic D & M Pyramid base, and remnants of the City pyramid bases are recognized by their topographic expression on U.S. Geological Survey maps.  Each structure or its remnant outline conforms to the size, pos
ition, orientation, and spacing of its counterpart on Mars, and both terra and Martian complexes occur at the same latitude!  In addition, there is a granite plateau carved into a rectangle 2.2 miles wide by 3.8 miles long.  It is located between the City
 a
nd D & M Pyramid remains, and contains traces of geometric figures, including a giant Fibonacci spiral and two large circles (cf. the Nazca plateau).  Two granite mountains on this plateau have the shape of recognizable figures.  The smaller mountain, Mt.
 Adam, is pyramidal in shape, about 500 feet high, and reveals possible traces of eroded steps on its sides (e.g. the Giza pyramids).  The larger mountain, Mt. Eve, is shaped like a giant Key with three rectangular teeth; it is connected to one of the cir
cl
es on the plateau.  Early European settlers in the valley recorded the discovery of a tunnel carved into the base of Mt. Eve that descends about a half mile.  A crop glyph known as the Kennetts pictogram, which appeared in England in 1991, is identical in
 shape.  Like the Key figure in Mt. Eve, it pointed towards a representative of the Tholus on Earth (Silbury Hill).
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\fs24 The Wallkill River valley Cydonia II Complex, if it once duplicated to a large extent the Cydonia I Complex on Mars as theorized here, can b
e used to prove that the Cydonia anomalies on Mars are artificial and of intelligent design. A Mars - Earth link would also implicate our ancestors either as the builders or as involved in the building of these structures. They are not viewed as tricks of
 light and shadow and imagination as NASA claims. This discovery, if confirmed, would validate the meticulous work of DiPietro, Molenaar, Carlotto, Hoagland, McDaniels, Crater, and Vanisko. It contributes to a growing link seen by many between mythology a
nd
 pre-Holocene human history. That link implies a cyclic development of human technology and science during interglacial periods. Previous civilizations, recorded in myth and legend, were all but erased when glacial conditions and associated violent Earth 
changes returned. This is a warning!
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 INTRODUCTION
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\fs24 In May 1992 I became interested in the area encompassed by the towns of Wallkill, Walden, Montgomery, and Pine Bush in Orange and Ulster counties, New York, a rural area in the Wallkill River valley.  My p
rimary interest was the unusual aerial activity of anomalous lights at night in this region of the valley.  This area was the subject of a ten year study by Dr. 
Ellen Crystall on the high profile UFO activity there, the results of which are published in her book, Silent Invasion (1991).  Based on over 100 sightings and encounters that I experienced during a four and a half year period, all of which are documented
 by time exposures, I have been able to confirm and map this unusual activity and phenomenon.  A nine page interview on my work and personal experiences appeared in Encounters magazine (1995), and was recently reprinted in Alien Encounters (1996).
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par During the Summer of 1992 I began a geological survey of the valley using bedrock geology maps and USGS topographic maps.  I also conducted a magnetic survey of a 20 square mile area between Pine Bush and Walden, NY, which involved at least 800stations or
 measurement sites, and several traverses paralleling major roads that gave me an additional 1,000 data points on the map.  This survey was conducted using an EG&G Geometrics Proton Precession Magnetometer.  A course grid\_
like pattern of widely spaced stations was used to obtain a general map of the magnetic terrain and underlying geologic structure.  A dense p
attern of measurement was used to obtain details of anomalous features (see sample of station location map of the Walden quadrangle in three parts, lettered A, B, and C).  The resulting magnetic map (Figure 1) shows distinctive natural magnetic anomalies 
(m
ostly dipoles) extending up the center of the valley and aligned with its axis, as well as the structural grain of the Snake Hill Formation that underlies the valley.  The Snake Hill Formation is Ordovician in age, with a radiometric age somewhere between
 450 and 480 million years.  In technical terms, the underlying geologic structure is a breached anticline which plunges to the north and rises to the south, and whose fold axis runs nearly north\_
south down the center of the valley.  The center or axis of t
he anticline is roughly demarcated by the position of the Wallkill River in this region.  Magnetic measurements trend from low values of 54,880 gammas (yellow) at the northern end of the map to high values of 55,160 gammas (purple) at the southern end of 
the map.  The four colors (yellow, green, blue, and purple) denote zones of 100 gamma intervals.  These zones bend south and point north, following the geologic contours of underlying bedrock units that do the same.  In other words, the magnetic map refle
cts the underlying structural geology.  The elliptical and circular bulls eye patterns denote natural magnetic anomalies caused by underground concentrations of magnetite (lodestone) and other iron\_
bearing minerals, such as emery.  Pit mining of iron ores occurred during early colonial times, and locations over some anomalies have concentrations of abandoned pits, which are now mostly filled in and overgrown with large trees.
\par 
\par The orientation and clustering of magnetic anomalies is probably the result of gran
itic intrusions containing unusual concentrations of ferromagnetic minerals.  As deeper and older strata structurally rise to the surface and become exposed along the fold axis to the south, some granitic intrusions become exhumed.  Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve a
t the southern end of the valley near Pine Island are examples of such intrusive bodies.  Most of the UFO activity near or on the ground is concentrated over natural anomalies within the overall anomaly trend (Figure 2: yellow circles numbered 1\_
7).  Either
 natural magnetic anomalies are being used to camouflage underground alien magnetic activity (cf. Crystall, 1991), or alien habitats are restricted to granitic masses within the Snake Hill Formation, with concealed openings above them.  Scientists whose b
elief systems cannot accept the presence of extraterrestrials and who look to classify anomalous lights close to the ground in structurally deformed regions as Earth lights, tend to ignore all other evidence to the contrary.  That is not to say that some 
of my photographs are not pictures of Earth lights.  But Earth lights do not change light patterns in flight to conform to FAA regulation and do not mimic sounds of conventional aircraft.  Conversely, conventional aircraft do not make high\_
speed right angle turns, travel at Mach 7\_
10 close to the ground without producing sonic booms, do not dive into the ground without an accompanying explosion, and do not pass through trees or forests with impunity!  The numerous photographs on my WEB site attest to these fa
cts.  See additional photographic plates (P1\_P4) and map with locations and flight paths (P5) at the end of this report.
\par 
\par Some areas yielded unexpected unnatural magnetic anomalies that cannot be attributed to human cultural activity, such as buried electrical lines, pipes, etc. (figures 3\_
9).  Using a proton magnetometer at and around the Jewish Cemetery along Rt. 52 between Pine Bush and Walden, NY (Figure 3), I detected intermittent magnetic signals at two locations (Figure 4: stations #1 and #2).  Cryst
all (1991) reported an unusual amount of paranormal activity and UFO sightings at and around the Jewish Cemetery, which is what led me to begin my magnetic survey there.  For example, Dr. 
Crystall and four other people witnessed a triangular UFO hovering above the cemetery (illustrated in her book), and it is within and around the cemetery that she photographed unusual "Tesla" globes of unknown origin.  Her book illustrates a photograph of
 a 2 x 3 foot "pod mark" which she claims was caused by a craft that had 
landed inside the cemetery fence (Crystall, 1991: fig. 2).  Station #1 is located next to the entrance to the cemetery, and anomalous signals were first detected there on 14 June 1992.  While trying to obtain a stable natural measurement for the Earth's m
agnetic field in that location, I got back repeated anomalous magnetic spikes 11,000 gammas above what they should have been (Figure 5).  I took measurements every ten seconds for eight minutes, and found only two measurements close to normal during that 
en
tire time interval!  At first I thought that the instrument was malfunctioning, or that I was picking up surges in the electrical lines across the road.  When measurements along Albany Post Road also contained these regular repetitious spikes (see base ma
p A), I became concerned that I would not be able to conduct a magnetic survey.  I took the magnetometer back to Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory and had it checked out.  It checked out just fine.  The instrument was operating normally and accurately.

\par 
\par When
 I returned to the valley and began taking more measurements on 16 June, I got normal stable measurements at all my stations.  I then began my survey, having to go back to areas that I had measured previously.  The second time areas that had initially rec
orded anomalous signals all gave normal reproducible measurements.  On 18 June 1992 at 8:02 p.m., however, something extraordinary happened.  I was shot with an electromagnetic beam device as I took readings along side Albany Post Rd. The incident occurre
d 
at Station # 21 (see topographic base map) next to a large open field about 0.2 miles south of Bruyn Rd.  After I had taken a few normal measurements, a shot rang out and I felt a sting on my lower left chest.  I had just pressed the button to take anothe
r measurement on the portable computer hanging from my neck.  When the reading came up it was 500 gammas below normal!  I saw my shirt move in and out where I was hit.  Since I did not see a hole nor saw any blood appear on my shirt, I calmly collected my
 e
quipment and put it back into my truck.  When I got home I checked my chest and found a large round brown bruise with yellow rim the size of a quarter on my lower chest opposite my left kidney.  The skin was indented like a concave dish and there was a sm
all red dot at its center.  After that event whenever I came out into the field at night I would be greeted by unusual lights rising from adjacent fields.  Had I been tagged with a tracking device like we tag wild animals?  I do not know, but whatever hap
pened it soon became apparent that I was now being watched by more than the local residents.  Nothing anomalous shows up on x\_rays of the involved area of my body.
\par 
\par My unannounced presence in the area apparently caused the shut down of most underground transmissions, or limited them to times when I was not there.  I went back to the cemetery and took measurements all around the area, but found nothing out of the ordi
nary, except under the electrical lines across the road.  I frequently went back to old statio
ns in order to verify previous readings.  But on 13 September 1992 when I re measured Station #1 at the cemetery entrance, I found it to be "alive" with anomalous signals (figures 6\_
9).  Using two sensors on my Proton Magnetometer, one at either end of a 
long aluminum pole, I was able to determine orientation of the signals.  First I oriented the pole vertically and took a sequence of 39 measurements (Figure 6).  Most measurements were taken every five to ten seconds. The computer on the magnetometer reco
rd
ed each measurement and assigned to it a sequential number and the Julian time, to the nearest second, at which the measurement was taken.  Then I oriented the pole horizontally in a direction perpendicular to Rt. 52, and took another sequence of measurem
ents (Figure 7).  Finally, I oriented the pole parallel to Rt. 52 in a horizontal position (Figure 8).  This procedure was repeated for every station indicated on the map layout in Figure 3.  When I was near an underground transmitter all three orientatio
ns
 registered significant magnetic anomalies.  When I was more than ten paces from an underground signal source (my pace is 3.2 feet or one meter), only the horizontal orientation towards the source detected the signal (Figure 9), while the other orientatio
ns gave me background readings (Figure 10).  The further the distance from the source I was, the weaker the signal strength as measured by the number of anomalous spikes and their intensity.  Two transmitters spaced about 465 feet apart were identified an
d 
located, while a third was provisionally located in a triad position (Figure 4).  The third signal source was much weaker than the others as if it represented a neutral balance.  What I had detected was an intelligent pattern of signals coming not from sp
ace to Earth, but from Earth going out into space! Shades of the new movie, The Arrival, starring Charlie Sheen.
\par 
\par I came back the next day to see if I could collect more data, and found both underground transmitters inactive.  But when I stood near or over 
the place where I had detected the strongest signal the day before, I got an unstable reading on my magnetometer.  The Proton Magnetometer is so sensitive that it can detect a slight variation in the magnetic field.  When detecting the natural magnetism o
f the Earth, the instrument will give a measurement with a precision of xxxxxx.1, xxxxxx.3, etc.  If there is any variation more frequent than one or two seconds, no decimal point value will be given, and I would get xxxxxx._.  Adjacent to or over the tra
nsmitters all values were without fractions, indicating that the transmitters were turned on, but that they were not sending out any signals.
\par 
\par I showed my data to a physicist, who told me that I had detected a polarized magnetic photon source of energy coming out of the ground.  He said that such a source of energy was theoretically possible, but during the time he had worked as a physicist for 
the Navy he had never seen an instrument or device capable of generating such a signal.  I asked him why we could no
t see the photon energy being beamed out of the ground, and he said because it was polarized and outside the range of visual detection.  I asked him about the wild onions growing next to transmitter no. 1, the flower stalks of which had all bent naturally
 downwards as if the flower meristems had grown towards a light source coming from the ground!  He said they most probably were able to detect and utilize this unnatural source of photon energy, and were growing towards the "invisible" light.  I asked him
 h
ow deep the transmitters might be buried, and at first he said that they couldn't be buried too deeply.  I asked him why, and in rethinking the question he realized that he didn't know enough to make a judgment.  He agreed with me that they could be at an
y depth if that kind of energy could travel through rock and soil.  Even though the light was invisible, he said that I was able to detect it because of its strong magnetic component.  The transmitter array is located at the center of a natural magnetic d
ipole, which provides it some measure of camouflage from unbelieving and skeptical scientists.  Humans tend to see only what they want to see.
\par 
\par When I first looked at the Walden 7.5' quadrangle map, I saw an unusual topographic feature that resembled a large crater.  The feature was highly subdued, but was reflected by both stream pattern distribution and geographic slope contours.  I thought it 
might represent an ancient crater.  I contacted people in my field both at Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory and at 
the New York Geological Survey.  No one knew of a crater in New York State, let alone at that location.  When I went into the field I found no evidence for any kind of impact structure within the boundaries of this circular outline, and yet this feature c
ut across natural erosional trends within the valley.  I made a map of this unusual feature (Figure 11).  My training and experience from working eleven years in the oil industry enabled me to recognize subtle and natural surface expressions of underlying
 geologic structure.
\par 
\par But what I also discovered was that little geological work had been done in the area, and few recent maps or studies exist.  The most recent geologic study was done by Holzwasser in 1926, and the only geochemical study by Moxham in 1972!  The most recent 
regional aerial survey maps were done in 1977 by LKB Resources, Inc., PA, for the Department of Energy.  They are listed in advertisement brochures for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, but they are not available.  My efforts to find a
 source only led me to dead ends.  I was even told by the U.S.G.S. map office to call a branch of the CIA for a copy, but was told by the CIA that none were for sale.  Finally I was able to obtain copies from someone at the New York Geological Survey. The
re are three maps showing aerial surveys for radioactive Potassium, Thorium, and Uranium over the region.  There is an interesting and perhaps significant dip in radioactivity within the valley.  This is unusual, since the valley is largely floored by the
 S
nake Hill Formation, which consists mostly of black shales and graywackes.  Black shales are notoriously more radioactive than most other types of rock, and measurements I took at the surface with a Geiger counter confirmed its above normal content of rad
ioactive minerals.  But then why did the survey show the valley where this black shale is concentrated has below normal radiation levels?  Suspicious minds might jump to conclusions, but consider this: One possible explanation is leaching from acid rain, 
bu
t acid rain in most areas of the world is a relatively recent phenomenon connected to industrial development.  Fresh outcrop is hot, but soils that cover most bedrock and old weathered outcrops in the area are not hot.  But why is this valley more deplete
d in nucleotides at the surface than other valleys that contain black shales?  The answer may lie in the frequent and long term use of the valley as a corridor for unconventional craft, which use plasmas for their source of light.  Photographs provided in
 m
y WEB file and in this update show how plasma lights oxidize the atmosphere to form oxides of nitrogen and nitric acid.  Prolonged exposure of the ground over thousands of years to mild excesses of acid in the air could be responsible for the anomalous ra
diation dip on the D.O.E. maps.  This valley is the western extension of the "UFO Corridor" in New York State (see Night Siege: Hynek et al., 1987).
\par 
\par Seismic surveys across the valley have also been conducted by major oil companies.  But those seismic lines
 are also not readily accessible (proprietary data).  The latest ones were done in the 1960's by Chevron and Amoco.  Information on one line along Route 52 between Pine Bush and Walden, NY, indicates the presence of numerous high angle shallow reflectors,
 which make imaging of deeper structures impossible.  Such reflectors are consistent with the presence of igneous (granitic) intrusives.  These intrusives also provide excellent cover for an underground alien base, making it impossible to detect seismical
ly, particularly if the bases are located within or below the granitic masses.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 THE CYDONIA CONNECTION
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par Because I found no confirmation for the existence of an actual crater (Figure 11), I put that idea aside.  In 1994, however, I found another reason to look closely at this feature following my introduction to the Monuments of Mars (Figure 12) by Richard C
. Hoagland (1992).  See also Carlotto (1991) and McDaniel (1993) for additional illustrations, delineations, and descriptions of the Martian anomalies for 
what is called the Cydonia Complex.  After an encounter with a UFO in the valley on 26 March 1994 I had a vision of a tan disk covered with hieroglyphs.  At the center of this disk I saw an elliptical bulge raised above the other hieroglyphs.  On that rai
sed area I saw a crop\_
glyph design that I recognized.  It was the "Octopus," the first true insectogram to appeared in England in June 1991(Bartholomew, 1991: 22; 38).  The octopus is an ancient symbol for the Water Demon (Churchward, 1968).  Following that
 encounter, I took particular interest in the crater\_like feature I had mapped earlier near the UFO hot spot.  A crater\_
like construct called Avebury Circle in England has been compared to the Crater of Cydonia on Mars (Figure 12).  Nearby in the vicinity of Stonehenge there is a cone\_
shaped mound called Silbury Hill.  It resembles the Tholus on Mars.  These two features and their spacing are at one sixth scale of the features on Mars.  Because they are associated with crop circle formations and UFO activit
y, I thought perhaps the crater\_
like feature in the Wallkill River valley (figures 11 and 13) might have similar significance.  I measured the diameter of the Crater in the Wallkill River valley, and it is 2.3 miles wide, which is the same diameter for th
e Crater on Mars.  Then I took my hunch one step further: I looked for the Cliff or a remnant of it to the southwest of the Crater, and I found a low ridge with the same relative orientation and proportions as the Cliff on Mars.  This ridge, like the Crat
er
, also cuts across the erosional grain of the valley (Figure 13).  I then measured the distance from the Crater on Mars to the Cliff, and compared it to the distance from the remnant of the Crater on Earth to the remnant of the Cliff.  They were the same!
  In addition, a road runs the entire length of the ridge along the axis of the Cliff, and coincidentally this road is called Hill Avenue.  Its length from Albany Post Rd. up to the ridge to the west is exactly the length of the Cliff on Mars.
\par 
\par From a map p
rovided by a geologist (J. Erjavec) that he made for the Cydonia I Complex on Mars (Figure 14), I noted that the center of the Crater was at about 41 degrees, 36 minutes latitude.  My familiarity with latitudes and longitudes for the Wallkill River valley
 made this measurement stand out.  I then carefully measured the center for the remnant of the Crater on Earth, and it came out at 41 degrees, 36 minutes!  I was stunned!  Even though the longitudes are different, and depend on where zero longitude is pla
ce
d, the fact that the craters had the same latitudes could not be attributed to coincidence.  Latitudes are relative measurements between the equator of a planet and its poles, and range from zero latitude at the equator to 90 degrees at the poles.  Thus, 
latitudes have a geometric relationship, while longitudes and their positions have arbitrary relationships.
\par 
\par I then wondered if there might be other featur
es of the Cydonia I Complex in the valley.  I calculated the proportionate distance to the Face and measured the distance on Earth.  There at the end of my ruler was this unusual mound that resembled a brow ridge and nose line (Figure 15).  Following the 
UFO encounter on 26 March this feature and its resemblance to the Face jumped out at me when I looked at the map.  Below the nose was a linear depression and below that a remnant of what could be a jaw line.  But the feature was highly eroded and the Wall
ki
ll River had breached the Face just below the nose along the upper lip!  Another tributary of the Wallkill outlines the top of the Face exactly, and connects with the main river on both sides of the Face.  But how could a river as large as the Wallkill fo
rm over a large mound when its loop tributary seems to provide a path of less resistance?  The river clearly cut down next to a (nose) ridge oriented perpendicular to its course, and cliffs formed on both sides.   Even without the Face as a model for what
 this feature on Earth might have been, there is no way a river the size of the Wallkill could become nestled between two prominent hills made of bedrock if the cut had not previously existed.  Evidence suggests that the valley was filled with glacial\_
retreat sands, silts, and clays, as it still is to the south around Pine Island where up to 12 foot\_thick lake and bog deposits provide rich black soils for onion cultivation.  If the depth of the post\_
glacial fill had been gradually reduced through water erosio
n over the last 10,000 years, the position of the river can be best explained via topographic capture as the original topography of the valley became exhumed.  By coincidence the river found a natural water course or path-of-least-erosional-resistance acr
oss the Face through the mouth, and it was subsequently held there by non\_
glacial mounds to either side.  For the river not to switch to its secondary loop around the top of the head, the sediments in the mouth or notch had to have been softer and more easi
ly eroded than valley fill sediments around the Face.  The river even loops into the left eye socket, helping to define its shape and presence.  With continued erosion and down cutting, the river has begun to cut into and undermine what remains of the lip
 and base of the nose.
\par 
\par But what is also evident is that the Face, Crater, and Cliff on Earth are proportionately the same size (same scale) as their counterparts on Mars.  Also, the Face on Earth is the mirror image of the one on Mars, evidenced by the sla
nt and orientation of the nose ridge.  I measured the length of the Face and came up with 1.4 miles, the exact length of the Face on Mars.  Then I pulled out a larger scale map, enlarged a photograph of the Cydonia I Complex to the same scale, and looked 
for other features.  I found them (Figure 16).  I measured the distance from the center of the Crater on Earth to the center of where the City lies.  The distance is 26 miles, the exact distance between those points on Mars.  In addition, the overlay of C
yd
onia on the Wallkill River valley fit exactly within the margins of the inner valley, which is demarcated by ridges and mountains.  And each position lay at a critical topographic flexure or position within the valley.  What is the probability of being ab
le to take about twelve geologic anomalies over a 200 square mile area from one planet and find a corresponding match for those same anomalies on Earth?  What I discovered is beyond coincidence or wishful thinking.  All but one major feature can be locate
d and recognized by topography, stream patterns, and geology.
\par 
\par The following synopsis and maps comprise the evidence:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 THE CRATER II AND CLIFF II
\par }{\fs24 
\par }{\b\fs24 Figure 13
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Crater dimensions: North\_south, 2.4 miles; East\_west, 2.3 miles.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Rim is the widest on the northeast side.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Rim is the narrowest on the south and southeast side where swampy lowland is concentrated.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Topographic alignment of slopes and ridges within crater depression conform to and define the shape of the crater; some have radial alignment, while others have circumferential alignment.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 An isolated magnetic anomaly is located where the tetrahedral pyramid may have once stood.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Cliff dimensions: Length 1.65 miles; minimum topographic width in middle is 0.5 miles; maximum    topographic width expression is 0.7 miles.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Hill Avenue runs along the crest of the ridge and comes close to demarcating the elongate ends of the ridge/Cliff; this road reflect the topography.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Excavation at the crest and center of the ridge exposes sediment that is not of glacial or aeolian    origin. The ridge is comprised of bedrock and gray/brown silt and clay fill, which is thickly layered.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 
Magnetic anomalies occur at the location of the tetrahedral pyramid on Crater, at the geographic    center of the Cliff (in the form of a large X), at the Jewish Cemetery along Rte. 52 midway between the Crater and the Cliff (directional underground beaco
ns?), and on the northeast side of the Cliff at the edge of a farm field. These anomalies are aligned along sight lines between the projected posi
tion of the tetrahedral pyramid on the rim of the Crater II and the Face II, and between the tetrahedral pyramid and the projected outline of the D&M Pyramid II in the Wallkill River valley.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 FACE II
\par Figure 15}{\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Face dimensions: Length 1.4 miles; width at base of nose 1.1 miles.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Angle of nose ridge axis to brow ridge axis: 86 degrees to the east.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Forehead, eye sockets, nose ridge, lip orientation, jaw line are demarcated by topographic features.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Left lower side of face is deformed as is the mirror image, right lower side of the Face on Mars; the Face II is the mirror image of Face I on Mars.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 An unexplained notch or indentation occurs on the lower right side of the jaw on Mars.  On Earth this notch is located on the left side (mirror image).  A gully\_eroded four\_
sided pyramidal mound fits into this notch on Earth.  It is composed of angular blocks of shale and rubble, possibly from more recent carving or reshaping of the Face II after glacial damage more than 10,500 years ago. This mound would not have sur
vived an ice advance, implying that it was formed after the Wisconsin ice retreat.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 The Wallkill River passes directly below the base of the nose, demarcating its lower end, and erosional cliffs have formed on both sides of the river.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 Cultural coincidences
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A pair of water tanks is located at the exact intersection of the nose ridge and brow ridge.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A small lake on north side of Face II is named Echo Lake.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 The New York Psychiatric Hospital for the criminally insane is located on the forehead of Face II.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 *\tab 
A recent landfill project is filling in and coincidentally repairing the portion of the lower jaw eroded by a meander loop of the Wallkill River.  The name of the company operating the landfill is Al Turi (as in Alpha Centuri?).
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 THOLUS II
\par Figure 17
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Diameter of the Tholus II: About 1.6 miles.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Distance of the Tholus center from its elliptical satellite mound: 1.8 miles.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Outer perimeter or moat of the Tholus II is defined by contour lines on the northwest, west, southwest and southeast sides.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Center of the Tholus II is defined by a large elliptical hill correctly oriented.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Position of the Tholus apex is at the pinnacle of the hill, 200 feet high.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 
The inner groove or moat surrounding the Tholus I is defined by a stream and topographic contours on the northwest, west, and southwest sides, and by topographic contours on the northeast and southeast sides of the Tholus II.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 The satellite mound is represented by Buchanan Hill, which is located the correct distance from the Tholus II, is the correct size (tak
ing into consideration a slight reduction is size due to erosion), and is oriented in the same direction as the satellite mound on Mars.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 The angle between the main axis of the Tholus II and the main axis of the satellite mound is 18 degrees.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 Cultural coincidences
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 A water tank (pit) is located at the top of the hill near the center or peak of the Tholus.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Northern boundary of Tholus is bracketed perfectly by Stewart airport runways, which are just outside remnant topographic relief of Tholus.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A town called Little Britain is located at southern perimeter of Tholus, while a smaller version of the Tholus is located at Silbury Hill in England.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 D&M PYRAMID II
\par Figure 18
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 
D&M Pyramid dimensions (as indicated by the remnant outline of its base): Length of five radii at angles of pyramid in clockwise direction starting with radius to buttressed angle: 1.17 miles, 1.15 miles, 1.28 miles, 1.28 miles, and 1.15 miles. Maximum le
ngth along axis containing buttressed is 2.23 miles.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A broad low hill is located at the center of pyramid base, with its highest point located directly under the apex of the pyramid.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Pyramid base is located in a broad low\_lying area surrounded by hills and mountains, the only area large enough to hold a pyramid the size of the D&M Pyramid I.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Hilltops and ridges to the northwest and north of the pyramid outline are aligned with the orientation of the two western faces of the pyramid.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Southwestern angle of the pyramid base is demarcated by topographic slopes and oriented hills.
\par }\pard \fi-1440\li1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Stream tributaries cross the valley and enter or exit projected pyramid boundaries about midway along each side, but not where the angles of the pyramid may have been positioned.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Northern buttressed angle of the pyramid is underlain by hills more resistant to erosion.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 One isolated hill within the boundary of the pyramid base is located exactly along the radius between northeast and southeast sides where a deformity exists on the D&M Pyramid I on Mars.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 "Visible just to the east of the [D&M Pyramid on Mars] 
is a deep hole whose bottom, unlike that of   most craters, cannot be seen." (Carlotto, 1991: 28).  A small lake (Wickham Lake) occurs    over that exact same spot relative to the base outline of the D&M Pyramid II in the Wallkill River valley.  Even thou
gh the margin of this lake extends slightly beyond the relative position of this deep crater, and incurs the boundary of the pyramid on its "collapsed" southeast side, the center of the lake is concurrent with the deep crater position.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 Cultural coincidences
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A water tower is located on hill top at the apex of the pyramid.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 The five\_sided pyramid is symbolic of Mars, the God of War; the D&M Pyramid II base is located next to Warwick.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Five roads to north radiate away from the pyramid, reflecting its geometry, and East Ridge Road skirts around the pyramid, demarcating and emphasizing the hill and ridge orientations.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 The Warwick\_Wickham Lake airport runways cross one another like the radii of the pyramid.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A New York State prison for violent offenders is located under the east side of the D&M Pyramid II location in the valley.
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 A Snake Mountain is located next to the pyramid, while a Snake Hill is located next to the Face II.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 CITY II AND FORT II
\par Figure 19
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 All features of the City and Fort fit within the boundaries of an area demarcated by hills,     mountains, and ridges.  The most important elements, the six\_
sided pyramid and the Fort,    are positioned within the boundaries of farmland formed from former lake\_
bottom muds.  The reconstructions of the various features in the McDaniel Report are followed.  The oval mound with ridges that form an X at the southern end of the City I may represent the symbol for a mountain on Earth rather than a structural design.  
The trianguloid mound to the east of the six\_
sided pyramid I may also be a symbol, corresponding to a hill of similar size that exists in the Wallkill River valley. The trianguloid mound that occurs just inside the City II, and which occurs to the northeast
 of Pochuck Mountain in City II, may represent either a hill that has been eroded or the triradiate pattern of the streams underlying the position of the Martian feature.  The lack of precise fit or correspondence of some of the minor features of City I t
o hills on Earth may be due to a number of reasons, including erosion and distortion, and misinterpretation of those features on Mars. Those structures in the City which conform well to the outline of topography, match the position of particular hills, mo
untains or topographic features, and/or reflect cultural modifications that may have been patterned after remnant geometry of the structures are:
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 1) The six\_sided pyramid.
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 2) The Fort.
\par 3) The aligned rectanguloid pyramids.
\par 4) The hill or mountain symbols.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 The six\_sided pyramid is located at Pine Island, a small town built on an irregular low mound, the outline of which reflects the shape of the pyramid.
\par 
\par The Fort has no topographic expression, and its foundation may be buried by lake sediments.  However, the ramps to the Fort are aligned perfectly with a low ridge originating from the mound at Pine Island.
\par 
\par The five\_
sided pattern created by the position of structures within City I is reflected in the orientation of mountains, hills, and ridge forms around City II.  The most prominent topographic brackets are 1) the northern face of Pochuck Mountain and Pochu
ck Neck, and 2) the low ridges to the south of Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve.
\par 
\par A number of small mounds or pimples between the City I and D&M Pyramid I have been s
hown to have significance in their alignment, forming triangles with a common face oriented in the direction of the Cliff. That set of triangles would be positioned just south of Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve in an area of small aligned hills.  One axis formed by 
those hills is aligned with the orientation of Mt. Eve, which is also aligned with the east end of the Cliff II.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 Cultural coincidences
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 The four roads leading away from Pine Island radiate out from the center of the pyramid, and come close to following the radii formed by the sides of that pyramid (as it is superimposed).
\par 
\par There are several religious symbols in the area that may have significance if the Face on Mars represents our hominid ancestor:
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain 1.\tab}}\pard \fi-360\li360\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\fs24 
Two churches are located within the boundaries of the City.  By itself that is not significant,    but their names may be relevant \_ St. Pauls and St. Peters.
\par {\pntext\tab}}\pard \widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\fs24 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain 2.\tab}}\pard \fi-360\li360\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\fs24 The town of Eden occurs just outside the City limits on its western side.
\par {\pntext\tab}}\pard \widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\fs24 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain 3.\tab}}\pard \fi-360\li360\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\fs24 
Two mountains to the northeast of the City are named Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve.  They occur    next to one another.  These names date back to the earliest records for the Warwick Historical Society.  Mt. Adam is but a fraction of the size of Mt. Eve, just as a
 sperm cell is but a fraction of the size of an egg cell.  Eden in ancient Sumerian cuneiform means "uncultivated plain," while Adam means "settlement on the plain" (Flaherty, 1993).  These mountains couldn't be more appropriately named.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx-1440 {\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCOVERY
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par      In the area between the City square II and the D&M Pyramid II an unusual array and pattern of small mounds occurs.  Keith Morgan (pers. comm., 1994) pointed out the possible significance of the same relative area on Mars, which prompted me to look fo
r anomalous patterns of hills and mounds around Pine Island.  In Cydonia I a pattern of relatively small knobs or mounds is evident on the Viking images.  These knobs form five distinct equilateral triangles when connected by straight lines.  Some tr
iangles are connected in pairs with a common side.  Another set of mounds forms a quadrangle.  And then there is the curved configuration, which is formed by a series of mounds arranged as if placed along an invisible exponential curve.  When measured, th
e interval between mounds is exactly twice the distance of the previous mound interval along the curve.  In the City I the tops of the pyramids form a perfect pentagon.  Dr. Horace W. Crater of The University of Tennessee Space Institute in Tullahoma, TN,
 d
id a probabilistic analysis of these geomorphological anomalies on Mars, measuring with precision the spacing and angles formed by these configurations.  He gave a talk on his results at the Moon/Mars Forum in Cody, WY, on 18 September 1994.  Crater came 
to the following conclusions in his paper:
\par 
\par All four sets of geometric figures appearing by chance are:
\par 
\par QUADRANGLE -> ONE IN 55,000
\par FIVE EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES -> ONE IN 700,000
\par CITY PENTAGON -> ONE IN 6,000
\par CURVE CONFIGURATION -> ONE IN 1,000,000
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\fs24 The compound odds of these formations all happening by chance are about ONE in 2,310,000,000,000,000 or ONE in 2 QUINTRILLION, 310 QUADRILLION, indicating that they were placed there by intelligent design (Crater, 1994).
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 
When I examined the analogous region of Cydonia II, I found knobs and the tops of hills oriented to form suspicious configurations (figures 19 and 20).  But what I found was unlike anything found in Cydonia I.  What I discovered was an enormous area in th
e shape of a rectangle, 2.2 miles wide and 
3.8 miles long, carved or sculptured out of granite mountains, just waiting for someone to look for the redundant patterns (Figure 20).  After my UFO encounter these features leaped out at me on the map.  A granite plateau having any geometric shape at al
l is highly anomalous.  The spiral pattern of enclosed rectangles does not conform to a sacred "golden mean" rectangle, but instead forms the ancient hieratic letter H (Churchward, 1968). According to Churchward the Rectangle is an ancient symbol for Mu, 
th
e Motherland.  It is also a symbol for mother, Earth, land, country, empire, and anything pertaining to the soil.  But was the Motherland restricted to the southern hemisphere?  The northern representation of the Motherland (Cydonia II) was not submerged 
beneath liquid water as legend tells (remembers) the story, but beneath frozen water \_ the Laurentide Ice Sheet!  It has subsequently re\_
emerged from water, just as the legend said it would.  Its location was remembered only as "beyond the sunset," until now.
\par 
\par One of the first patterns I noticed was an enormous Fibonacci "golden mean" spiral, like the one deciphered at Giza (Hoagland, 1992: Fig. 40), which begins in a mollusk\_
like spiral in the lower left corner of the rectangle, curves and touches the right si
de of the rectangle, and ends in the upper left corner (Figure 20).  This pattern or spiral is evident in the alignment of hill tops, ridges, and topographic slopes (colored in blue on the map).  Even the initial loop at the center of the spiral is pres
erved as an elliptical knoll.  But what is even more surprising is that there are traces indicating the borders of smaller rectangles carved into the landscape, which define the position of the spiral.  As stated above, a similar pattern of enclosed recta
ngles of increasing size can be found in the hieratic letter H, the symbol of the Four Great Primary Forces in the language of Mu.   In Sacred Inspired Writings this symbol is also called "the Sacred Four" (Churchward, 1968).   Crop glyph designs, perhaps
 r
epresenting a symbolic Fibonacci spiral, are redundant in some crop formations: e.g. Mr. Curlyman (see photographic insert on Fig. 20).  On the Nazca plateau in southern Peru a figure of "a big monkey [is] tied to a riddle of geometric forms.  The monkey'
s body is defined by a continuous unbroken line.  And, without ever being interrupted, this same line winds up stairs, over pyramids, into a series of zigzags, through a spiral labyrinth (the tail), and then back around a number of star like hairpin bends
." (Hancock, 1995: 41).  This spiral labyrinth is a symbolic Fibonacci spiral, present in ancient rock art of the North American southwest.
\par 
\par In addition, there is a perfect circle on the plateau with a diameter of 1.17 miles.  It surrounds the center of the spiral.  Another circle of equal diameter lies just to its northeast.  The second double circle involves part of the southern slope of Mt.
 Eve, which is an unusually\_shaped granite mountain that rises 660 feet above the floor of the valley.  The shape indi
cated by the mountain is that of a key, with three rectangular "teeth" that increase in length going from north to south (Figure 20).  The base or shaft of that key connects to the large donut\_
shaped circle at the southern end of Mt. Eve (colored red on t
he map).  This "Key" is identical in shape to a crop circle called the "Key" or Kennetts pictogram, which appeared in England on 27 July 1991, and which pointed towards Silbury Hill (Bartholomew, 1991).  A picture of that crop glyph is also given for comp
ar
ison.  The "teeth" on it, like those of Mt. Eve, also increase in length towards the circle.  Keep in mind that these features in the Wallkill River valley are probably highly eroded, and that this entire rectangular area may once have been a plateau with
 raised relief.  With erosion it gradually "melted" and changed shape like a giant ice sculpture in the heat.  But even a melting ice sculpture retains its basic form, although details are lost.  Now only remnants or traces of the original raised pattern 
on
 the plateau remain.  If that is not compelling evidence of something spectacular and artificial, there is more: Another spiral originates from the second (northern) circle and joins the spiral that intersects the first (southern) circle.  A line drawn co
nnecting the centers of those two circles is on line with the Tholus, just as the "Key" pictogram in England was aligned with Silbury Hill (provided as an insert in Figure 20).  Does this valley hold the "Key" to the mystery and to the land of Mu?
\par 
\par An histo
rical record indicates that the earliest European settlers found a half mile long tunnel inside Mt. Eve, meticulously carved into solid granite, and just wide and tall enough to hold an average person (R.J. Webster, pers. comm. 1994).  The entrance to thi
s tunnel is supposedly located on the east side of the mountain, but recent attempts to locate it failed (R. Gumaer, pers. comm. 1994).   Similar but much shorter tunnels end blindly in the Shawangunk Mountains near Ellenville, New York.
\par 
\par Mt. Adam, which is located at the south\_western end of Mt. Eve, is a small pyramid\_
shaped granite feature that rises almost 500 feet exactly above the valley floor (Figure 21).  For comparison, the largest pyramid at Giza was originally 481.3949 feet tall (Hancock, 1995: 1
78).  Why a valley should separate it from Mt. Eve is unclear if it was separated naturally through erosion.  I could not find evidence of a major fault or fracture system separating those two mountains, but that does not mean one doesn't exist.  The over
all eroded base of Mt. Adam best fits that of a semicircle or crescent Moon, another ancient symbol dating back to Sumer (Sitchin, 1996).  The overall shape of the mountain above its base is that of a diamond\_
shaped pyramid.  The very top of the mountain is
 flat, forming what may have been a small platform for another structure, which would have been destroyed by glaciation.  Like the older ziggurat pyramids of Sumer (e.g. at Uruk near the Euphrates River), Mt. Adam may have had a small temple built at its 
top.  Perhaps that is what is being shown in the green hologram in Plate 1, which in the image appears to have an angled side of a pyramid exposed behind the lower left corner of the temple.
\par 
\par There are three main ridges at the top of Mt. Adam which are formed by three of the pyramid angles.  The ridges intersect the platform at the top to form a crude cross, or perhaps a T for Tau, the ancient symbol for resurrection and emersion (Churchward, 
1968).  A fourth short ridge, not evident on the topographic map (F
igure 19), extends the "vertical" shaft of the cross above its "horizontal" member.  It was discovered when we climbed the mountain in 1994.  The shaft is oriented 13 degrees northwest from true north, and it forms a 30 degree angle with the diameter of t
he semicircle (i.e. the east face of Mt. Adam).  The eastern face is oriented on a sight line to the nose on the Face II.  In addition, there are faint traces of small steps on the northwest and southwest sides of Mt. Adam (Figure 22).  The steps near the
 t
op of the mountain are better preserved than those further down the sides, perhaps due to less severe chemical and physical weathering near the top.  If these visible features are steps, they may have been carved to hold a facing of different composition,
 just as the steps of the three main Giza pyramids were employed to do.  Because erosion has reduced the shape, angularity, and continuity of the steps, they are not obvious until the leaves on the trees are gone during Fall and Winter.  Evidence for thes
e 
steps can be seen as regular or repetitious benches near the top of the mountain (Figure 22, arrows), which stand out in contrast to the structural grain of the granite, which bends and turn this way and that.  When looking at the mountain from the north 
during the Summer I discovered that the tree tops appear to be aligned in rows, implying the existence of an underlying regular pattern that could be a reflection of eroded steps.  It is highly unusual to find trees growing in regular rows up the side of 
any mountain!
\par 
\par A major axis runs parallel with the long side of the rectangle through a valley on the east side of Mt. Eve (Figure 20).  This axis is defined by parallel ridges to the south of Mt. Eve also.  To the east of this axis three elongate hills are positioned r
oughly equidistant from one another. The shape and size of those hills resemble what one might expect for eroded remnants of structures the shape of t
he Egyptian Sphinx.  But in size they are much larger, ranging from 2,300 feet long to 3,100 feet long, whereas the Sphinx is only 240 feet long!  Because the southernmost hill has three appendages sticking out, one at the northeastern end and two at the 
southern end, it may have represented some sort of appendaged animal before erosion destroyed the details.  A fifth knob or appendage, which lies between the two southern appendages, may represent a fallen head.  After having fallen that feature would hav
e 
been protected in the depression between the front legs and by Mt. Eve when and if glaciers advanced from the north.  Only its top side should be eroded.  Although the reader may think that I am reaching for straws and making unwarranted speculation, the 
Egyptian Sphinx was only recently connected to the constellation Leo. Its connection to Leo and Zep Tepi (Egyptian for the "First Time"), or the beginning of a new cycle following a major catastrophe on Earth, was accomplished through computer simulation.
  
By rolling back the clock until the constellation Leo was in front of the Sphinx, Hancock and Bauval (1996) determined that the Sphinx and Valley Temple were probably constructed about 12,500 years ago (12,450 years ago: Jochmans, 1995).  So my idea may n
ot be as far fetched as it first sounds.  The two northern mounds do not have any appendages attached.  Could they represent portions of a vertically undulating tail, the tail of a serpent or scorpion?  Could the southern mound with its appendages, possib
le head, and long tail represent a version or symbol for the constellation Scorpius, Serpens, or even Draco?  Keep in mind that one of the constellations targeted by the four so\_
called ventilation shafts of the Great Pyramid is Alpha Draconis, and it is the Draconians or Targzissians who were being worshipped as terra-cotta effigies by the Ubaid people during pre\_Sumer time (see below and photograph).
\par 
\par  The highest points on those three hills form a straight line that intersects the main axis at 3 degrees.  A similar alignment of hill tops to the east of the main rectangle parallels this alignment (redundancy).  Because the alignment of the Sphinx\_
like bases is 3 degrees off the orientation of the main rectangle, which is 40 degrees northeast of true north, i
s this offset relevant?  Might it represent the variation in rotational tilt of the Earth from true vertical at the time the plateau was carved  (i.e. the Chandler wobble = 3 degrees)?
\par 
\par A transverse axis runs through the highest point on Mt. Eve and intersects Mt. Adam and the central Sphinx\_
like base.  This axis is perpendicular to the long axis and sides of the main rectangle.  Its orientation is 30 degrees southeast of current east.  If this transverse axis direction was oriented in the direction of the 
solstice, it most likely represents the angle for the Winter solstice excursion.  The Summer solstice excursion would be 30 degrees north of the old east\_
west direction.  Using Hoagland's equation (Hoagland, 1992: 57) for computing planetary obliquity (tilt
) at that time, I came up with 16.40 degrees: Sin 30 = sin 16.4 / cos 41.282.  The current tilt of the Earth is about 23.5 degrees, an angle which can vary by as much as 1.5 degrees over a period of 41,000 years (i.e. the Chandler wobble).  A tilt of 16.4
 is significantly less than that today.  If the Earth's axis were true vertical, heating of the Earth and the poles would be uniform.  Glacial ice caps probably could not exist under such conditions, and at 16.4 degrees tilt, the amount of polar ice would
 h
ave been significantly less than it is today, with sea level much higher.  That might also mean the northern part of the valley was flooded.  What is curious about this angle of tilt is that the tetrahedron on the rim of Crater I on Mars, when projected t
o Crater II on Earth, is 16.5 degrees west of the present geographic north pole!  As interesting as these figures seem, they do not prove anything, because there are multiple variables involved.  If the transverse axis on the plateau (Figure 20) does not 
represent an ancient east\_west direction, the above math is irrelevant.
\par 
\par In Egypt the Sphinx is oriented due east.  If the rectangle with its Key was constructed according to the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west) and the alignment of the Sphinx\_
like bases represents the direction of a particular constellation at that time of construction, comparable to the Egyptian Sphinx, then perhaps the long axis of the rectangle was oriented east\_west.  Such an orientation puts the paleo north pole i
n the northern Pacific Ocean at about 40 degrees latitude, producing an unlikely orbital tilt of 50 degrees, which would cause extremes in seasonal temperature changes at the poles and possibly put the Earth into a deep freeze.  The idea of a pole shift i
s not new (cf. White, 1993).  In order to correct the orientation of the rectangle so that its long axis is oriented east\_
west requires that the entire crust be rotated while keeping the orientation of the Earth's core roughly the same (Hancock, 1995).  Is 
that possible?  Is the Hopi legend of the Earth toppling on its axis and becoming covered in ice relevant?   But what other evidence is there which could be used to support either radical theory or idea?
\par 
\par If one draws diagonals across the rectangle in Figure 20, they will intersect the near-median line at two points: One point crosses over the highest part of the southernmost Sphinx-like base, while the other marks the point of intersection of the line tha
t follows the alignment of the Sphinx-like bases. I 
drew the lines of the rectangle before I recognized that the diagonals crossed at the points. In crossing these diagonals form angles of about 28 degrees with the middle (near-median) line. That angle is the angle of the ecliptic between due east (the equ
inox) and either Winter or Summer solstice points on the horizon (Hancock and Bauval, 1996). This relationship makes the long axis of the rectangle the ancient east-west cardinal alignment. The spread of diagonals at either the south or north end of the r
ec
tangle is 56 degrees (28 + 28 = 56), which is the range of the ecliptic or path of the Sun over its yearly cycle. Is this just coincidence? 56 is the function of Set (Wood, 1986), an astronomical number that reflects the precession and which was encoded i
n ancient Egyptian myth (cf. Hancock, 1995, Wood, 1986).
\par 
\par Rotating the rectangle 50 degrees clockwise so that the long axis is oriented east\_west, using the center of Crater I in Figure 13 as the pivot point, rotates the position of the tetrahedron on the c
rater rim clockwise to 33.5 degrees east of current north (50 \_
 16.5 = 33.5).  The difference in axial orientation between Cydonia I and Cydonia II is 36.5 degrees.  Correcting for that difference requires that Cydonia II be rotated in a clockwise directi
on 36.5 degrees.  There is only a 3 degrees difference (= the precession wobble), the exact difference in angle between the axis of the rectangle and the axis of the Sphinx\_
like bases!  If the line connecting these bases was oriented due east during one poi
nt in Earth's precession, then 3 + 33.5 = 36.5.  Was 36.5 degrees the tilt of the Earth's axis during the Wisconsin glaciation?  Was Cydonia I on Mars (and the position of the tetrahedron on the crater rim) constructed at a different axial orientation rel
ative to latitude as a clue so that we could calculate the amount of crustal displacement and/or pole shift since the deep freeze?   Is there any other evidence to support such a radical idea?
\par 
\par On 28 October six people were positioned on the hexagonal mound
 at the center of the UFO hot spot (Figure 3).  At 9:02 pm, just after sunset, a craft turned on two blazing plasma lights and lifted off from a field to our northwest.  It rose slowly and formed an arc across the sky as it descended to behind the trees t
o our east, where it disappeared.  At the apogee of its flight it performed a hump on my photographs, marking the top of the arc.  This performance I call the Circuit of Ra or the Arc of Nut.  Following that hump the lights made a series of tiny loops and
 movements as if signing a name in cursive Arabic\_
like script.  As best as can be determined from reconstructing the path with my photographs and relating them to compass direction, the hump occurred approximately 40 degrees northeast, plus or minus 5 degre
es.  That compass direction is basically the same orientation for the long side of the rectangle in Figure 20, which supports the above theory that the rectangle was oriented according to the paleo\_
meridian of the ecliptic (cf. Hancock and Bauval, 1996).  W
as I being given some help in figuring out this puzzle?  And if I was, by whom?  Is the date (28) on which this performance occurred a clue also?  The movement of the craft along a symbolic ecliptic path was in the same direction the Sun changes position 
during its yearly precession.
\par 
\par If one measures the orientation angles of the other features within the Cydonia II Complex of the Wallkill River valley, and measures those angles from the intersection of the northeastern edge of the main rectangle where it i
ntersects the central axis, you will discover as I did that the D&M Pyramid II center (top of its remnant) is directly on line with that northeastern edge.  The Tholus (Stewart Airforce base) is located at 7 degrees to the northeast; the Crater II is loca
ted 17 degrees to the northwest; and the Face II is located 27 degrees to the northwest.  Take the ratio between the angles: Face > Crater and Tholus > Crater (10/24), and one gets .416666.  The center of the Crater II (common feature between these two an
gles) is located precisely at 41 degrees 36 minutes 30 seconds.  That's 41.6166.
\par 
\par Around the Tholus II, particularly to the northeast, I noticed a series of hills that closely resemble the pattern that defines the center of the Fibonacci spiral south of Mt. Eve.  I took a tracing of the pattern of the rectangle with its spiral and circ
les, and found a remarkable match around the Tholus II.  I only had to rotate the rectangle and spiral 180 degrees (not a mirror image).  The Tholus II occupies the same corner 
of the rectangle as Mt. Eve does to the south.  Yet, many of the topographic features which help to identify and define the geometric patterns in the southern rectangle have been eroded and destroyed in the northern one.  Enough correspondence occurs, how
ever, to give support that such geometry may have been carved out around the Tholus II as well.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 DISCUSSION
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 The Cydonia I Complex (Figure 12) at a one to one scale fits incredibly well within the Wallkill River valley (Figure 16).  On the 1:250,000 scale 
map it becomes clear that the monuments of this complex form a pattern that mimics the terrainand topography exceptionally well.  When one highlights the trends of hills and ridges within the valley (in red), it becomes apparent that they fall just outsid
e the Cydonia II Complex in a manner that emphasizes design rather than coincidence.  The Wallkill River runs from the City II through the Face II up to the Crater II, while the D&M Pyramid II and Tholus II fall at critical angles in the mountain trend to
 t
he south and east of the valley (Figure 16).   Consistent with the theory that Cydonia II came first because it fits so well in the valley, the City II and D&M Pyramid II are aligned on an axis that intersects the southern bulge (High Point State Park) in
 the Kittatinny Mountain range, while the Tholus II and Crater II are aligned on an axis that intersects the northern bulge (Minnewaska State Park) in the Shawangunk Mountain range, which is the northern continuation of the Kittatinny Mountain range.  At 
the end of that line in Minnewaska State Park is an unusual body of water called Lake Awosting, and other small, cold water spring\_
fed lakes occur at the very top of that mountain range.  And to complete the symmetrical fit, the Face II is located opposite 
the midway point on the elongate ridge or neck that connects the Shawangunk and Kittatinny mountain ranges, and it is opposite a gorge at Otisville that divides the ridge.
\par 
\par The Wallkill is the only major river in the area that runs north for its entire leng
th before emptying into the Hudson River at Kingston, NY, just 24 miles south of where John Anthony West lives.  From that aspect the entire valley resembles the Nile valley in Egypt with its north\_
running river.  The area surrounding the granite plateau 
containing Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve is underlain mostly by black shales and greywackes (siltstone), but just to the north of Mt. Eve is a stretch of land underlain by gray limestone, adding another resemblance to Egypt.  This land was reclaimed from the sea l
on
g ago by tectonic movement.  And it is the western side of the valley that rises up to form the Giza plateau, just as the Kittatinny and Shawangunk mountain ranges rise in majesty to the west of Cydonia II.  Ironically, two names relating to Egypt in the 
Wallkill River valley stand out: Osiris and Goshen.  Osiris appears as the name of a lake just north of Walden, NY, and just east of the Wall kill River.  Around this strange horseshoe\_
shaped lake, Lake Osiris, is the Lake Osiris Colony and golf course.  Fu
rther south towards Middletown, NY, there is the town and area called Goshen, the place where the Face II is located.  Goshen was an area on the Nile delta where the ancient Israelites lived while in Egypt: "When pharaoh calls you, and say, 'What is your 
occupation? you shall say, 'Your servants have been keepers of cattle from our youth even until now, both we and our fathers,' in order that you may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians." (Ge 47:33\_
34).  But her
e the resemblance to Egypt and the Nile ends, because the Cydonia II Complex lies at the southernmost end of the Wallkill River in a position relative to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th cataracts along the Nile, well south of most Egyptian ruins.  Nevertheless, the
 similarities make me wonder if the Nile area was chosen in part for its resemblance to the Wallkill River valley after that valley had became covered in ice.
\par 
\par The unusual number of "appropriate" cultural names given to towns and features in the valley almost beg for some sort of unconscious explanation, such as a dim and out\_of\_focus awareness by the early settlers of the importance this valley had in pre\_
recorded history.  The names Mt. Adam, Mt. Eve, Eden, Edenville, Snake Mountain, Snake Hill, Brimstone Mountain, Little Britain next to the Tholus II, Echo Lake next to the Face II, and Warwick next to the five\_
sided D&M Pyramid II base may be nothing more than quaint coincidences.  But even as such they add a mystery of their own to the history of this valley.
\par 
\par The overall shape of the valley in the area of the monument complex is similar to that of a cradle. I doubt that the resemblance was intentionally created, but could this valley represent the cradle of our civilization or species?  Hoagland (1992) specula
tes that the Face I on Mars may represent an image of a hybrid cross between our simian ancestor and a lion as embodied in the Egyptian Sphinx, and that feline genes were used to create some of our unique traits (Hoagland, pers. comm. 1994).  The righ
t side of Face I also reminds me of an owl with beak (See Hoagland, 1992: Fig. 39).  The owl is another important Egyptian icon, the hieroglyphic symbol for the letter and sound M.  The owl and lion symbols or effigies are consistently used in ancient mot
ifs, as with the goddess Lilith from ancient Sumer.
\par 
\par What is the probability of finding such a perfect fit for so many anomalous Martian features over a 200 square mile area on Earth?  Can this fit be mere coincidence?  Can traces of all the preserved struc
tures in the Cydonia II Complex be a trick of erosion?  I won't release NASA yet for having called the Face I on Mars a trick of light and shadow (McDaniel, 1993), which in hind sight may be the blunder of the millennium.  Are my suggestions for the meani
ng of the Face, Mt. Adam, Mt. Eve, and the Key merely wishful thinking or fantasy?  I think not!  Are we dealing with monuments to our own genetic engineering from primates by an extraterrestrial race of "gods" and "goddesses" (Sitchin, 1996)?  Is genetic
 engineering one of the messages being given to us by Abductees?
\par 
\par In the Time\_Life book Sumer: Cities of Eden (Flaherty, 1993), there is an illustrated terra-cotta effigy of a nursing mother from pre\_Sumer strata (presumably from below the eight\_foot\_
thick "flood" deposit).  It shows a remarkable resemblance to a female
 Draconian (our name for them) or Targzissian.  Compare it with a drawing of a Targzissian UFO pilot made from memory by abductee Riley Martin (Martin and Wann, 1995).  The Targ symbol is a win
ged lizard or dragon.  Their ships tend to be shaped like boomerangs or flying wings (Martin and Wann, 1995).  Ships of that shape are commonly sighted in the Hudson valley region (Hynek et al., 1987; Crystall, 1991).  Martin never saw that terra-cotta ef
figy, but the facial and body characteristics of the male pilot can all be recognized on the female, including the parallel forehead ridges, shape of the head with cone like skull apex, and bulbous shoulders.  I have included copies of these illustrations
 a
t the end of this report.  I doubt that any anthropologist or archaeologist trained at a Western university would suspect that an ancient idol of a humanoid being with lizard or snakelike head is anything but myth and imagination.  But could it be the rea
l image of the Sumerian goddess Inanna with child?  After a worldwide catastrophe were most Sumerian and Babylonian images of the gods given human countenances, except in Egypt?  Is the Egyptian tradition based on something remembered or intentionally pre
served in symbolic form? The Targzissians I am told by my ET contacts are a very ancient race of beings who date back over a billion years.  Shades of the Shadows on the television series Babylon 5!
\par 
\par What might such a lizard or serpent\_
like face have to do with the ancient worship of serpents or the Brotherhood of the Serpent?  The copper staff of Moses was an effigy of a snake or serpent (Sitchin, 1996).  The medical Caduceus or staff of Hermes, poss
ibly a later symbol for the Brotherhood (Bramley, 1990), da
tes back at least to ancient Greece and Ophiuchus, Keeper of the Serpent (Wood, 1986).  Another astronomical name for this constellation is Aesculapius, the Greek God of Medicine, and it lies between Scorpius and Sagittarius in an area rich in nebulae.  I
t is sometimes called the 13th or hidden sign of the Zodiac (Wood, 1986), and represents the esoteric or invisible world.  The serpent was used as the Sumerian symbol for the god Enki, who Sitchin (1996) says was an extraterrestrial genetic engineer.  The
 s
nake was typically used as a symbol for water in ancient civilizations across the Atlantic ocean (Churchward, 1968), and Enki was known as E.A. ("He Whose Abode is Water).  Kon Tiki Veracocha, the white bearded savior who came to the Andes to restore civi
lization after the Flood, was also known by a water symbol \_ the serpent, and as the "Foam of the Sea" (Hancock, 1995).  And then there is the white bearded serpent known as Quetzalcoatl, who resurrected civilization for meso\_Americans after the Flood.

\par 
\par The
 entwined "rope" symbol is the Egyptian hieroglyph for the letter and sound H, and according to Churchward (1968) had its origins in a much older Mu civilization or Motherland.  Could it also have been a symbol for the spirit bound inside the body, the hu
man condition?  In his book Churchward illustrates an example of the entwined "rope" glyph on one of two stelle from Guerraro, Mexico.  It is part of an inscription about the legend of Quetzalcoatl, a message about birth, death, and resurrection through t
he
 Great Serpent, the feathered or flying serpent, which is also symbolized by the dragon (symbol of the Targzissians or Draconians).  The entwined serpents of the Caduceus may have been inspired by similar more ancient symbols, language, and meaning, and c
ould have been chosen as a way to combine the concept of (symbol for) a water birth (serpent) with the concept of spirit bondage or re\_
incarnation (entwined "rope") with the (winged) hieratic symbol or letter T, which stands for resurrection and emersion (f
rom water).  That last symbol in its basic form (T for Tau) is embodied in the meanings attached to the Christian Cross.  But could the Caduceus also be an intentionally disguised but forgotten representation of the double helix DNA and an example of anci
ent scientific knowledge passed down to us through altered myth?  Duality (spirit vs. body; good vs. evil) is what the serpent meant to the ancient Egyptians (West, 1993).  Early Christians, in order to separate themselves from the Egyptian religion, corr
upted the serpent into a symbol of bondage, deception, and evil in an attempt to break the cycle of birth, death, and re\_incarnation (symbolized by the snake biting its tail: Wood, 1986: 24).  It is the excision of re\_
incarnation from Christian doctrine tha
t distinguishes Salvation (one Final trip to heaven) from Resurrection (return to a human body), and is the basis for their belief that by dying on the Cross Jesus broke the cycle for all those who accept his divinity.  His resurrection, not his death, wa
s his sacrifice.
\par 
\par Because the spatial layout of Cydonia II fits so well with the geology and geography of the valley, it is tempting to speculate that these monuments were first created here on Earth, then copied on Mars.  The Martian complex is distributed over a large mo
stly flat terrain compared to Earth, although many natural features in the Cydonia region are enormous by Earth standards.  In other words, planetary engineers would have less trouble laying out a duplicate complex of monuments on Mars than 
they would on Earth.  I see major problems trying to make a pattern originating independently on Mars fit the Wallkill River valley while keeping the latitudes of Craters I and II the same.  The Crater II may not have been created originally as a crater\_
l
ike feature, but as a symbol of the Earth with a tetrahedron on the rim.  Could it represent the location of the geographic pole at that time?  Crater I on Mars could have been created by a projectile to simulate the circle on Earth, which would go a long
 way to explain its fresh\_
looking irregular splash apron of low velocity ejecta, on which the Cliff I was subsequently constructed.  Sorry Dick, but Mars has to be an afterthought created to preserve those monuments according to a plan: That future generati
ons of humans, once they had achieved the ability to explore their own solar system, would find them and have a template for recognizing and finding their counterparts on Earth.  Isn't that what has happened?  Even so, I needed a little guidance and inspi
ration from the ETs to recognize these features in the valley after they had been so severely damaged and nearly destroyed by glaciation and erosion!
\par 
\par The latitude of the center of the Crater II in the Wallkill River valley is 41 degrees, 36 minutes, 30 seconds; the latitude of the center of the Crater at Cydonia on Mars is 41 degrees, 35 minutes, 34 seconds (based on Erjavec's map in Fig. 14 on which l
atitude lines are only approximately located).  When I laid out and connected all the topographic maps for t
he region, every feature lined up with each other as they do on Mars.  But when the orientation of the central axis for the Cydonia complexes is compared relative to latitude through the center of Craters I and II, the axes are off by 36.5 degrees.  The c
entral axis was measured from the center of the Crater to midway between the tops of the D&M Pyramid (or where it is projected) and the main six\_
sided pyramid in the City.  The axis for Mars is 32.6 degrees, while the axis for Earth is 69.1 degrees, indicat
ing a rotation at the Crater of Cydonia II 36.5 degrees further south from where it was originally oriented if Mars represents the unaltered orientation.  For the Crater centers to be coincident their location must be true.  They are similar (within measu
ring error), as theorized here, only because Cydonia I was intended to match the latitude on Earth.  That latitude has no relationship to where Cydonia II may have been located on the globe prior to crustal displacement.  This also means that Cydonia I ha
d to have been created after rotation on Earth ceased so that the latitudes of both crater\_
like features would be nearly the same today, taking into consideration the offsetting effects of continental drift!  We may have been left a clue by the same people (e.g. the Elohim, Yahweh, Viracocha, Quetzalcoatl, the Olmecs, and the Shemsu Hor \_
 'Followers of Horus') who jump\_started our civilizations more than 6,000 years ago for determining how much crustal displacement occurred during the Great Catastrophe and/or
 Flood near the end of the Wisconsin Ice Age 12,500 years ago.  That would mean Cydonia I was built during or just after the last Ice Age, and is much younger than Cydonia II.  Cydonia I may have been constructed during the same time interval the three Gi
za pyramids and Sphinx of Egypt, Tiahuanaco and Machu Picchu of South America, the Nazca lines of Peru, and Teotihuacan of Central America were constructed, while the Face II was reshaped after glacial damage, explaining the four\_
sided pyramid of shale workings next to it.
\par 
\par It is unlikely that the pyramid\_
like object next to the Face II is a kame, since kames are composed of stratified drift and usually contain abundant sand and gravel.  Even though they form irregular or conical mounds of various sizes which could be mistak
en for a pyramid, kames and eskers are usually confined to thick accumulations of drift, and have not been reported from areas where a cover of unconsolidated material is absent (Cox, 1976; Corliss, 1980), as is the case adjacent to the Fa
ce II.  Naturally occurring sand pyramids are usually three\_sided (Baker, 1928; Corliss, 1980), not four\_sided (Figure 15).
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 AGE OF THE CYDONIA II COMPLEX ON EARTH
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 
The anomalous structures in the Wallkill River valley appear to have been spared the maximum extent of damage from glaciation during the most recent ice age (Wisconsin glacial event), but why?  Even so, heavy damaged ("decapitation") occurred to Cydonia I
I structures more than a couple hundred feet in height, if we can use Cydonia I structures on Mars as a model for what originally stood in the valley.  "Climate experts once viewed Earth as a well\_
mannered dancer moving to the stately and predictable beat of the ice ages....But discoveries about the most recent ice ag
e are transforming the image of a climatic waltz to something resembling a drunken lurch.  During the last glacial epoch, Earth repeatedly swayed from extremely frigid conditions to warmth and back again with startling speed.  As part of these shifts, the
 g
reat North American ice sheet vomited huge numbers of icebergs that filled the North Atlantic......Although the term "ice age" conjures up a picture of unrelenting cold, temperatures during this period actually rose close to their interglacial values seve
ral times, only to plummet back toward full glacial conditions after a respite of a few hundred to a few thousand years." (Monastersky, 1994).  In addition, "High\_
resolution studies of North Atlantic deep sea cores demonstrate that prominent increases in iceberg calving recurred at intervals of 2000 to 3000 years, much more frequently than the 7000\_ to 10,000\_
year pacing of massive ice discharges associated with Heinrich events.  The calving cycles correlate with warm\_cold oscillations, called Dansgaard\_Oes
chger events, in Greenland ice cores.  Each cycle records synchronous discharges of ice from different sources, and the cycles are decoupled from sea\_
surface temperatures.  These findings point to a mechanism operating within the atmosphere that caused rapid oscillations in air temperature above Greenland and in calving from more than one ice sheet." (Bond and Lotti, 1995).
\par 
\par Interhemispheric correlation of glacial events implies a global atmospheric signal rather than independent regional climatic changes.  Radiocarbon chronology of piedmont glacier lobes in the Chilean Andes indicates that the last glaciation ended with mass
ive collapse of ice lobes close to 14,000 years ago.  In the Southern Alps of New Zealand, closer to the South Pole, additional glacial 
maxima are registered at 17,720 years ago, and at the beginning of the Younger Dryas at 11,050 years ago (Lowell et al., 1995).  Zep Tepi or the First Time recorded by the ancient Egyptians as the beginning of our present climatic cycle (the Holocene) is 
implied by the alignment of the Sphinx (Hor\_em\_
Akhet) with the constellation Leo at 12,500 years ago (Hancock and Bauval, 1996; Jochmans, 1995).  Through the work of John Anthony West (1993) and Robert Schoch, a geologist from Boston University, the age giv
en by Egyptologists for the Sphinx of 2,500 BC (the time of the pharoh Khafre) has been put into serious question.  Based on strong geologic evidence of water erosion and deep weathering in a wet climate, West and Schoch estimate the Sphinx and associated
 Valley Temple to have a minimum age somewhere between 7,000 and 9,000 years old, or dating back to the last time Egypt had a wet climate.  This is a very conservative age estimate.  Hancock (1995) and Hancock and Bauval (1996) put the age closer to 10,00
0 years ago.
\par 
\par In MacAyeal's binge\_
purge model of cyclic growth and collapse of ice sheets, "an ice sheet starts off stably frozen to the ground, building up layer upon layer.  Eventually, the ice grows thick enough to insulate its base from the cold air temperature abo
ve.  As heat escaping from Earth warms the bottom of the sheet, the base melts, permitting the giant glacier to flow quickly across the land surface.  Large fractions of the ice sheet plunge into the ocean in a Heinrich event, raising global sea
 level by 2 meters within the short span of a few centuries.  Once thinned, the ice then refreezes to the ground and starts thickening until it next collapses.  When MacAyeal feeds rough estimates of ice\_age atmospheric conditions into his binge\_
purge model, the Laurentide ice sheet produces Heinrich events 10,000 years apart, on average, in rough agreement with the actual cycles.....[but] According to Bond, MacAyeal's binge\_
purge model has a difficult time explaining why two very different parts of the Laurentide ice sheet, as well as the Iceland ice sheet, should have collapsed contemporaneously." (Monastersky, 1994).
\par 
\par Nevertheless, MacAyeal's model helps explain how as much of the Cydonia II complex could have survived glaciation as it did, and why the ice sheets didn't "scrape" away all evidence of the complex.  As an ice sheet grew in thickness, it became frozen to t
he ground and to the pyramids; it did not move.  During the warmer parts of Dansgaard\_Oeschger and Heinrich cycles, heating from the ground 
succeeded in melting the base of the ice sheet, forming a layer of water upon which the ice floated.  The valley narrows to the south as the Kittatinny, Shawangunk, and Ramapo mountains converge, nearly closing the valley.  Water levels in the valley may 
have risen sufficiently high to protect the bases of artificial or carved structures, because of restricted flow out of the valley at its southern end.  Any movement of the ice on that layer of water would have affected only those structures sticking up i
nt
o it and embedded in the floating ice sheet.  The upper parts of the pyramids may have been literally plucked up off their bases and moved bodily, dropping blocks of stone whenever the ice bonding between blocks melted or failed as the ice sheet moved sou
thward.  With repeated freezing and melting of that bottom layer of ice during Dansgaard\_
Oeschger and Heinrich cycles, most of the pyramidal stones would be lifted and moved with the movement of the ice sheet.  Only the basal most layers of the pyramids probably remain, buried under glacial drift, post\_
glacial lake deposits, and Holocene accumulations of soil.
\par 
\par If the Cydonia complexes on Earth and Mars are approximately coeval in age, the oldest estimate of 500,000 years for Cydonia I is based on the solstice alignment of the Face, Cliff, and Crater with the Sun on Mars (Hoagland, 1992).   That age occurred dur
ing the Earth's Great Interglacial, prior to the growth of the Illinoian ice sheet 200 kyr ago.  That penultimate glacial period (approximately 140,00
0 to 200,000 years ago: Jouzel et al., 1993) would have destroyed all traces of the Crater, Cliff, and Face in the valley.  A younger age, such as during the previous Eemian interglacial from 115,000  to 140,000 years ago, would have subjected the monumen
ts in the Wallkill River valley to only one interval of cyclical burial under ice, and could account for the survival of features which retained significant bedrock expression after the ice disappeared.  Even so, there has been an extreme amount of erosio
n, and a post\_glacial age (post\_
dating the Younger Dryas which ended about 10,000 years ago) is not long enough to account for the reduction and near leveling of large pyramidal structures, which may have been constructed of stone like the pyramids of Egypt
.  The D&M II, the largest of all the pyramids in the Cydonia I complex, would have been toppled and destroyed by the movement of a massive ice sheet, although much of its base could have survive (indications for the outline of the pyramid base have survi
ve
d).  An age of 200,000 years ago, which is what Hoagland now thinks is the age of Cydonia I (pers. comm., 1994), places the complex at the beginning of the Illinoian glacial episode, and is again too old for reasons cited above.  An Eemian age, therefore,
 is indicated.
\par 
\par Could these Cydonia complexes be symbolic of an earlier cycle in human evolution that culminated in space travel, colonization of other planets and moons, and then disaster back on Earth (cf. Sitchin, 1996; Jochmans, 1995; Hancock, 1995; Wes
t, 1993)?  If this interpretation is in the "ball park", what happened to that civilization and why did it disappear?  Or did it?  Are we repeating their mistakes?  Can we figure out this riddle of the ages in time to prevent our own demise?  Did the huma
ns who ventured out to explore the Universe bring back with them universal laws expressed in, for example, Genesis, the Koran, and Sanskrit, and the many races of 'Visitors' described by Abductees and Contactees?
\par 
\par In many parts of the world myths and legends speak of periodic cycles of natural destruction on Earth which nearly brought humankind to extinction.  In Finger\_
prints of the gods, Hancock (1995) compiles and/or references many of these myths and legends.  From ancient Sumer we have the flood story 
of Gilgamesh and Utnapishtm, also known as Noah, which was handed down with editorial modification in Genesis.  Greek and ancient Egyptian legends (e.g. the Book of the Dead) also speak of a devastating flood.  In India there is the Vedic legend of Manu, 
a Noah\_
like figure who saves humankind from extinction.  Buddhist scriptures speak of 'Seven Suns', each brought to an end by global catastrophes involving water, fire, and/or wind.  Similar accounts of flood and destruction come from Malaysia, Laos, and no
rthern Thailand.  In Central America we have flood stories handed down in Mayan, Aztec, and Mechoacanesec mythology.  In South America we have flood stories coming from the Chibcas of central Colombia, the Canarian Indians of Ecuador, the Tupinamba Indian
s of Brazil, the Peruvian Indians, who are rich with flood legends, the Araucnaians of pre\_
Columbian Chile, and the Pehuenche from Tierra del Fuego.  "More than 500 deluge legends are known around the world and, in a survey of 86 of these (20 Asiatic, 3 Eur
opean, 7 African, 46 American and 10 from Australia and the Pacific), the specialist researcher Dr. Richard Andree concluded that 62 were entirely independent of the Mesopotamian and Hebrew accounts." (Hancock, 1995: 193).
\par 
\par "the Hopi Indians of Arizona (who are distant relatives of the Aztecs 52) record three previous Suns, each culminating in a great annihilation followed by the gradual re\_
emergence of mankind.  In Aztec cosmology, of course, there were four Suns prior to our own.  Such minor differences c
oncerning the precise number of destructions and creations envisaged in this or that mythology should not distract us from the remarkable convergence of ancient traditions evident here.  All over the world these traditions appear to commemorate a widespre
ad
 series of catastrophes.  In many cases the character of each successive cataclysm is obscured by the use of poetic language and the piling up of metaphor and symbols.  Quite frequently, also, at least two different kinds of disaster may be portrayed as h
aving occurred simultaneously (most frequently floods and earthquakes, but sometimes fire and a terrifying darkness).
\par 
\par "All this contributes to the creation of a confused and jumbled picture.  The myths of the Hopi, however, stand out for their straightforwardness and simplicity.  What they tell us is this:
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 The first world was destroyed, as a punishment for human misdemeanors, by an all\_
consuming fire that came from above and below.  The second world ended when the terrestrial globe toppled from its axis and everything was covered with ice.  The third world 
ended in a universal flood.  The present world is the forth.  Its fate will depend on whether or not its inhabitants behave in accordance with the Creator's plans.53
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 "We are on the trail of a mystery her
e.  And while we may never hope to fathom the plans of the Creator we should be able to reach a judgment concerning the riddle of our converging myths of global destruction." (Hancock, 1995: 198\_199).
\par 
\par In the Greenland ice cap sulfate ions increase in layers of ice formed in the years following large volcanic eruptions.  "At the meeting of the GISP 2 participants last month, Zielinski reported that the period following the ice age had three times as man
y eruptions as the last two millennia.  The early erupt
ions were also much larger than most modern ones. "This could be crustal adjusting to the unloading of ice, almost like uncorking a bottle," says Zielinski, who described the volcanic record for the last 9,000 years in the May 13 SCIENCE.  Looking even fu
rther back in time, the ice core team has discovered evidence of a monstrous eruption 68,000 to 75,000 years ago.  While most volcanic sulfate layers in the GISP 2 core span only a year or two, this ancient one extends over many years, indicating that deb
ris from this eruption filled the skies for an unusually long time.  From the date of the ice layers, Zielinski believes that the prominent sulfate deposit records a well\_
known eruption of Toba on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.  The Toba blast occurred c
lose to the start of the last ice age, prompting some scientists to speculate that it may have helped push Earth's climate into a deep freeze." (Science News, 1994: 146: 254).  Could such volcanic eruptions be what Hopi and other legends record as "an all
\_c
onsuming fire that came from above and below"?  Can such stories about earthquakes, fire, and darkness or the disappearance of the Sun (with its subsequent reappearance as a NEW Sun) be a guide to interpreting the geologic past and picking the correct geo
logic models?
\par 
\par Much of what Hancock relates has been available to researchers for centuries, but has been ignored by modern anthropologists and archaeologists, who seem to have their own linear agenda, inherited in part from Darwin.  The concept that humank
ind could not have reached a high level of technological development without leaving recognizable artifacts of their accomplishments can only be supported if one misinterprets the evidence according to preconceptions and a rigid and erroneous belief syste
m, or simply ignores contravening evidence and information preserved in myth (cf. West, 1993).  Jochmans (1995) notes that "there is a growing number of 'anomalies' surfacing from the distant past which do not in any way fit the 'established' concept of l
inear history.  They are called 'anomalies' because they reveal an inherent sophistication very much out\_of\_
place from the contemporary ancient or prehistoric remains among which they were discovered.  These artifacts demonstrate that, either they were the 
product of another more advanced culture of unknown origins that once lived side by side with the less sophisticated but more recognized culture (just as we today in the technological 20th century live alongside certain tribal peoples of New Guinea, Afric
a and South America), or the artifacts are remnants of an older, forgotten yet more advanced civilization that was destroyed and lost to us, except for these few tantalizing remains that were passed down through the later survivors.
\par 
\par "The anomalous artifacts, ignored by modern historical experts, are too many not to be recognized.  The out\_of\_
place bits and pieces have been swept under the rug for far too long, so that the rug is getting quite lumpy, and are increasingly becoming an embarrassment to explain away any further." (Jochmans, 1995: 12).
\par 
\par Jochmans discusses evidence, ignored by Egyptologists, which implies that ancient Egyptians knew how to build and fly airplanes:  "In 1889 a curious object was discovered in the tomb of Pa-di-Imen in north Saqqara, Egypt dated to about 200 B.C.  At the ti
me of its discovery, however, the birth of modern aviation was still several years away.  As a result, when the strange artifact was sent to the Cairo Museum, it was catalogued and then shelved away among other misce
llaneous items to gather dust unrecognized for what it really was.
\par 
\par "In 1969, over 70 years later, Dr. Kahlil Messiha \_ an Egyptologist and archaeologist \_
 was examining a particular Museum display in Room No. 22, labeled "bird figurines."  The other contents of the display were clearly bird sculptures, but the Saqqara ar
tifact was certainly not.  It possessed characteristics not found on birds, yet which are part of modern aircraft design.  Dr. Messiha, who as a youth had been a model plane enthusiast, imm
ediately recognized the aircraft features and persuaded the Under Secretary of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture to form a committee in order to investigate the model.  In the meeting of the committee in late 1970 and early 1971, the participating historia
ns and aviation experts were so impressed with their findings that it was recommended that the model be placed in the Central Hall of the Cairo Museum of temporary exhibit.  Today it is still housed in Room No. 22, on the second floor.
\par 
\par "The small craft is 
made of very light sycamore wood and weighs 39.12 grams, or 0.5 oz.  The only markings on it is a faint eye painted on the nose and two red lines under the wings.  The model's wings are straight and aerodynamically shaped, with a span of 18 centimeters, o
r about 7 inches.  Its pointed nose is 3.2 centimeters (1.5 inches) long.  The body of the craft totals 14 centimeters (6 inches), tapered, terminating in a vertical tail fin.  A separate slotted piece fit onto the tail precisely like the back tail wing o
n a modern plane.
\par 
\par "Dr. Messiha, interviewed in the May 18, 1972 London Times, made these comments on the ancient plane's shape and sophistication: "It is the tail that is really the most interesting thing which distinguishes this model from all others that have been discov
ered.  No bird can produce such a contortion at the rear of its body to assume anything that looks like the model.  Furthermore, there is a groove under the fin for a tail\_plane (crosspiece) which is missing.  This is no toy model \_ it's to
o scientifically designed and it took a lot of skill to make it."
\par 
\par "Several aerodynamic experts and pilots agree with Dr. Messiha's assessment.  Flight engineer Guirguis Messiha, a relative to Dr. Messiha, observed: "The negative dihedral angle fulfills the same requirements as the positive; a section shows that the surf
ace of the wing is part of an ellipse which provides stability in flight; the aerofoil of the body lessens the drag, a fact which was discovered only after years of experimental work in aeronautics."  A full\_
scale version of the plane could have flown carrying heavy loads, but at low speeds, between 45 and 65 miles per hour.  What is not known, however, is what the power source of the ancient craft was.  Several engineers did note that the m
odel makes a perfect glider just as it is.  In fact, it would have taken only the efforts of a small catapult to get a life\_
sized model in the air.  Simply by using the rising heat currents off the Egyptian deserts on either side of the Nile, such a craft w
ould have been able to stay in the air indefinitely.  The little model itself, even though over 2,000 years old, will soar a considerable distance with only a slight jerk of the hand.  Fully restored balsa replicas will travel even farther." (Jochmans, 19
95: 15).
\par 
\par In The hidden history of the human race Cremo and Thompson (1994) recall an example of human remains from Trenton, New Jersey, which were given an age of 107,000 years by Volk (1911).  This age places the human femur and skull fragments near the b
eginning of the Wisconsin glaciation, which is consistent with the evidence presented above for the existence of Homo sapiens in North America during the previous Eemian interglacial.  An yet this evidence has been dismissed or ignored by established auth
orities in anthropology and archaeology.
\par 
\par The following is an example of evidence taken from myth for an ancient space\_faring civilization: "The [Sumerian] Epic of Gilgamesh is replete with geographical markers that enhance its authenticity and identify the
 targets of that ancient search for Immortality [says Sitchin].
\par 
\par "The first destination was the Landing Place in the Cedar Forest, in the Cedar Mountains.  There was only one such place in the whole of the ancient Near East, renowned for its unique cedars: Lebanon (whose national emblem, to this very day, is the cedar 
tree).  Lebanon is specifically mentioned by name as the land the two comrades reached after the journey of seventeen days from Uruk.  In another verse, describing how the earth shook as the s
kyrocket was launched, the facing peaks "Sirara and Lebanon" are described as "splitting apart."  In the Bible (Psalms 27) the majestic Voice of the Lord is described as "breaking the cedars of Lebanon" and making "Lebanon and Sirion skip like a calf."  T
here is no doubt that Sirion is Hebrew for Sirara in the Mesopotamian text."  Does this description refer to a natural or manmade earthquake?  Major earthquakes occur in the middle east, but are not associated with thunder coming down from the sky.  Thund
er was usually regarded by the ancients as the Voice of God, as in the ancient Gnostic text, The Thunder: Perfect Mind (Robinson, 1990).  What does the launch of the Space Shuttle sound like?  Sitchin continues:
\par 
\par "There is also no doubt that a Landing Place had existed there, for the simple reason that that vast platform is still there to this very day.  Located at a place nowadays called Baalbek, the immense stone platform, some five million square feet in area, 
rests upon massive stone blocks that weigh hun
dreds of tons; three stone blocks, weighing more than one thousand tons each and known as the Trilithons (Fig. 47), were quarried in a valley miles away, where one of the colossal stones still sticks out of the ground, its quarrying not having been comple
ted (Fig. 48).  There is no modern equipment that can lift such weight; yet in bygone days "someone" \_ local lore says "the giants" \_ quarried, lifted, and emplaced these stone blocks with great precision." (Sitchin, 1996: 155\_157).
\par 
\par Like Hancock (1995), I 
must asks: Was information about our ancestry initially encoded in myth and legend by clever humans who survived the Flood and who wanted to preserve scientific information for a time in our recovery when we had the ability to recognize and understand adv
anced technology as not the products of gods and spirits?  West (1993) gives a similar viewpoint: "Myth is a deliberately chosen means for communicating knowledge.  While it is possible, even probable, that the ancients could not have expressed that knowl
ed
ge in modern philosophical language, that is no shortcoming.  It is we who are at the disadvantage.  To make sense of myth, we must first convert it into a form the intellect will accept; thereafter, it may or may not work upon our emotional center and al
low us to arrive at understanding.  Myth works directly upon the understanding, and the whole of Egyptian civilization [sic] was organized upon myth." (West, 1993: 127).
\par 
\par The age of humankind may also have been encoded in myth: Sitchin (1996) provides a dif
ferent approach to deciphering the age of births for three important figures in the Bible.  Prior to being written down in Sumerian cuneiform and later edited and added to biblical scripture, the information Sitchin uses was probably handed down in oral t
radition as myth.  Sitchin's approach gives an independent, albeit unique, method for deciphering recorded information about the possible antiquity of Homo sapiens:
\par 
\par "Since we have shown, the biblical narrative is based on Sumerian sources, the simplest sol
ution to the problem is also the most plausible.  In the Sumerian sexagesimal ("base 60") mathematical system, the cuneiform sign for "1" could mean one or could mean sixty, depending on the position of the sign, just as "1" could mean one or ten or one h
undred depending on the digit's position in the decimal system (except that we make distinction easy by the use of "0" to indicate position, writing 1, 10, 100 etc.).  Could it not then be that the redactors of the Hebrew Bible, seeing in the Sumerian sou
rces the sign "1", took it to mean One rather than Sixty?
\par 
\par "Based on such an assumption, the numbers 1,656 (the birth of Adam), 1,526 (the birth of Seth) and 1,421 (the birth of Enosh) are converted to 99,360, 91,560 and 85,260 respectively.  To determine how long ago that was, we have to add the 13,000 years sin
ce the Deluge; the numbers then become
\par 
\par Adam born 112,360 years ago
\par Seth born 104,560 years ago
\par Enosh born 98,260 years ago
\par 
\par "The solution offered here by us leads to astounding results.  It places the Adam\_Seth\_
Enosh line right in the time slot when Neanderthals and then Cro-Magnons passed through the Lands of the Bible as they spread toward Asia and Europe.  It means that the individual (not the generic) Adam was the biblical Man whom we term Neande
rthal, and that Enosh, whose name meant "Human," was the biblical term for what we call Cro\_Magnon \_ the first Homo sapiens sapiens, indeed the forefather of Enoshut, today's humanity." (Sitchin, 1996: 47; type face his).
\par 
\par Although the results of determinin
g age using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA are controversial, such methods give results that are consistent with a previous interglacial age for the Cydonia II Complex in the Wallkill River valley.  "While fossil remains discovered in Africa, Asia, and Eur
ope suggest that hominids first appeared in southeastern Africa and then branched out to the other continents possibly half a million years ago, the true predecessors of today's humanity made their appearance in southeastern Africa somewhat later.  The ge
ne
tic markers for Homo sapiens, first studied through the Mitochondrial DNA that is passed by the female alone, and then through studies of Nuclear DNA that is inherited from both parents (reports at the April 1994 annual meeting of the American Association
 of Physical Anthropologist) indicate that we all stem from a single "Eve" that had lived in southeast Africa between 200,000 and 250,000 years ago.  Studies released in May 1995 of the Y chromosome indicate a single "Adam" ancestor some 270,000 years ago
.
\par 
\par "The Sumerian data, we have concluded, places the creation of The Adam at about 290,000 years age \_
 well within the time scales for the two progenitors that modern science now suggests.  How long the stay at the Garden of Eden, the attainment of the ability to procreate, the expulsion back to southeast Africa, and the Cain\_
Abel birth had taken place, the ancient texts do not state.  Fifty thousand years?  One hundred thousand years?  Whatever the exact time lapse, it seems evident that the "Eve" who was ba
ck in southeast Africa, bearing offspring to The Adam, fits well chronologically with the current scientific data." (Sitchin, 1996: 45).
\par 
\par How was ancient scientific information encoded in myth and legend?  And why would anyone want to do this?  Consider the following example: Today the concept of Eve being formed from a rib of Adam makes no biological sense to a 20th Century geneticist.  "T
he Sumerian word for rib is ti, and the rib\_healing goddess came to be called Ninti, which translates both as "the lady
 of the rib" and "the lady who makes live." This play on words does not work in Hebrew, but the rib did enter the Garden of Eden story in the form of Eve, the mother of the human race \_
 "the lady who makes live."  Interestingly, the words Eden and Adam also appear in cuneiform.  Eden means "uncultivated plain"; Adam, "settlement on the plain." (Flaherty, 1993).  Thus Ninti becomes Eve in the biblical story.
\par 
\par Since chromosomes resemble "ribs" in shape, is it possible that the virgin message was: males and fe
males differ in the type of sexual chromosomes?  The female has two X chromosomes, whereas the male has only one.  The female of your species, the educated teacher said, can be derived from the male by adding a second X chromosome.  Information about the 
Y chromosome was lost in translation.  The concept of the chromosome was explained to an uneducated people by comparing it to a "rib" in shape.  The teacher (an alien or visitor: Elohim or Nefilim) picked up several ribs left from previous meals and used 
th
em as examples.  The individuals of that primitive tribe then understood that the female could be derived by adding to a male an additional rib like that in the man, thus explaining the male as the reference point.  This description was later corrupted by
 story telling and male bias to the female being derived from but one rib of a man.  It is unlikely that such a misinterpretation or distortion would have originated or survived in a matriarchal society.
\par 
\par That teacher may have used an "apple" or fruit from 
a tree to show how the seed or egg of the woman was protected in the womb, thereby connecting the fruit and seed to a tree.  The tree was then regarded as the provider of protection for the seed (spark or soul) and the knowledge of what is inside a fruit 
(body) or womb, and was thus called the Tree of Knowledge.  According to Churchward (1968), the legend of the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge goes back to the Motherland, MU (and to Sumer: Sitchin, 1996), but was corrupted in later myth.  The teach
er
 may have been compared by his students to a serpent or snake by some physical (reptilian or Targ?) characteristic, or the teacher may have belonged to the Brotherhood of the Serpent, which used the snake as its symbol for medical science (from which we g
et the symbol of medicine today: the caduceus).  Or the original teachings, which described and connected the sexual act with the production of offspring, identified the male penis, which resembles a snake, as the organ which brings sperm and egg together
. 
 The DNA helix may have been described in that lesson as resembling an invisible coiled snake, and sperm may have been described as a swarm of tiny snakes.  The corollaries are many but significant.  These teachings may have been misinterpreted by the stu
dents to mean that their ancestors couldn't procreate and had to be taught carnal knowledge.  To an uneducated person the story of the snake educating Adam and Eve about sex and the derivation of Eve from a (duplicate) rib (chromosome) of Adam was a satis
factory explanation for their existence.  If that is how it happened, look what happened to such an innocent lesson in biology!
\par 
\par According to Sitchin (1996), the name Ninti appears in the Creation of Man tales, but she is also known as Ninmah, and as Ninharsag later on (spelling variation of Ninhursag).  NIN.MAH ("Great Lady") was the Chief Medical Officer for the medical center at
 the Mission Control Center, a Spaceport and center for metallurgy in the Sinae peninsula.  In Sitchin's translation and interpret
ation, Ninmah or Ninti was also a genetic engineer, who along with Enki genetically engineered the first Homo sapiens from a primate ancestor.  Enki or E.A. ("He Whose House Is Water"), a brilliant scientist, also established the first extraterrestrial co
lony on Earth, calling it E.RI.DU ("House in the Faraway Built").  Who were the 'gods' and 'goddesses' of Sumer, and where did they come from?
\par 
\par Whether one agrees with Sitchin or chooses to interpret Sumerian texts differently, it is clear that these ancien
t writings speak of technologies and sciences that we have only recently developed.  It was not until we had satellite mapping capability, and the sciences of anthropology, archaeology, and genetics that we could correctly interpret these messages cast fo
rward as myths and legends by a dying civilization, possibly to warn us of the comet, symbolized by the mythological Serpent in the sky (Wood and Campbell, 1994).  In ancient Egypt the serpent was the symbol for duality, such as lies at the origin of 'goo
d'
 and 'evil'.  It was a symbol for both unchecked chaos and multiplicity, and for higher intellect, synthesis, and creation.  The Cobra, for example, was the symbol of Lower Egypt, and represented duality as a primordial creative impulse (West, 1993: 132).
  The comet or Serpent in the sky was known to bring both destruction and renewal (duality) as expressed in the concept of the First Time (Zep Tepi).
\par 
\par The enormous mythological and religious symbols laid out over a 40 square mile area in the valley of Renne
s, France, are part of the Rennes-le-Chateau mystery (Wood, 1986; Lincoln, 1991).  These symbols could not have been recognized or validated, nor their mathematical message decoded, were it not for satellite mapping and telemetry, which enabled Wood (1986
) to accurately position and measure key sacred markers.  He discovered that these markers were placed in precise locations in order to define (outline) recognizable figures from ancient Egyptian mythology.  The Extended Pentagram, for example, is one of 
th
ose figures.  It is a new mathematical figure never before recognized by our mathematicians.  Each of its five star points maintains the required 36 degree angle even though the points are of different lengths.  Laid out within a circle this pentagram mar
ks out fifteen equal arcs on the perimeter of that circle, and encodes the mathematical number for Phi!  The Egyptian god Ptah, for example, is Phi, the creative power immanent in Atum but locked in Atum in his fall to Earth.  Ptah is not free.  He is bou
nd
 by the god Set, principle of contraction.  That is why Ptah is always pictured bound in swaddling clothes, with only his head, hands, and feet free (West, 1993: 127).  Wood also found that the circle circumference and the body perimeter of the Extended P
entagram equate to within 1/6000 of Pi (Wood and Campbell, 1994).  The message Wood and Campbell were able to decipher from these figures concerns a cometary cycle known to the ancients.  They give convincing evidence that the terra figures were probably 
designed and laid out over that rugged mountainous countryside by the original myth makers of ancient Egypt.  They also conclude that we are rapidly entering a window of time for Earth\_orbit\_
crossing comets, indicating that the Great Serpent of legend which brought destruction via fire and water to Earth may soon return (cf. Shoemaker\_Levy 9 and Jupiter).  A collision of a comet with Earth is theorized by Kristan\_
Tollmann and Tollmann (1992) to have occurred 9545 years ago, based on their worldwide study of m
yths and legends.  In order to explain convergent accounts from around the globe, they suggest that the comet broke up into seven main fragments, all of which slammed into the oceans creating giant tsunamis that ravaged the continents.  This catastrophe b
rought earthquakes, volcanoes, and darkness around the globe.  Only little fragments struck the continents (e.g. Australia), according to their theory.  In myths the gods are blamed for causing this disaster (cf. Sitchin, 1996).
\par 
\par Hancock (1995) relates the legend of the Inca god, Kon Tiki Veracocha: "Through all the ancient legends of the peoples of the Andes stalked a tall, bearded, pale\_
skinned figure wrapped in a cloak of secrecy.  And though he was known by many different names in many different places 
he was always recognizably the same figure: Viracocha, Foam of the Sea, a master of science and magic who wielded terrible weapons and who came in a time of chaos to set the world to rights.
\par 
\par "The same basic story was shared in many variants by all the peop
les of the Andean region.  It began with a vivid description of a terrifying period when the earth had been inundated by a great flood and plunged into darkness by the disappearance of the sun.  Society had fallen into disorder, and the people suffered mu
ch hardship.  Then
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 
'there suddenly appeared, coming from the south, a white man of large stature and authoritative demeanor.  This man had such great power that he changed the hills into valleys and from the valleys made great hills, causing streams to flo
w from the living stone . . .' (Osborne, 1968)." [Was similar advanced technology responsible for carving and/or forming of monuments in the Wallkill River valley?  The Muddy Kill (river), for example, originates from a very small pond and underground aqu
ifer near the circular hexagonal mound (Plate 1).]
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\fs24 "The early Spanish chronicler who recorded this tradition explained that it had been told to him by the Indians he had traveled among on his journeys in the Andes:
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 'And they heard it from their fathers, w
ho in their turn had it from the old songs which were handed down from very ancient times . . . They say that this man traveled along the highland route to the north, working marvels as he went and that they never saw him again.  They say that in many pla
ces he gave men instructions how they should live, speaking to them with great love and kindness and admonishing them to be good and to do no damage or injury one to another, but to love one another and show charity to all.  In most places they name him T
icci Viracocha . . .' (Osborne, 1968)." (Hancock, 1995: 46\_47).
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par And this man of knowledge, science, and technology appeared in South America perhaps as much as seven thousand years before the appearance of Jesus in Jerusalem!
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\nowidctlpar {\b\fs24 References
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Baker, J.R., 1928. Natural pyramids on a beach in the New Hebrides. Nature, 122: 843\_844.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\widctlpar {\fs24 Bartholomew, A. (ed.), 1992. Crop circles \_ harbingers of world change. Gateway Books, Bath, UK
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Bramley, W., 1990. The gods of Eden; Avon Books, New York.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Bond, G.C. and Lotti, L., 1995. Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation. Science, 267: 10005\_1010.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Carlotto, M.J., 1991. The Martian Enigma, a closer look; North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Churchward, J., 1968. The sacred symbols of Mu. Paperback Library, Inc., New York.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Corliss, W.R., 1980. Unknown Earth: a handbook of geological enigmas. The Sourcebook Project, Glen Arms, Maryland.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Cornet, B., 1995. Telepathy, abduction, aliens and a scientist!; Encounters, Issue 1 (October): 57\_65, Paragon Publishing Ltd., Dorset, UK
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Cornet, B., 1996. Telepathy, abduction, aliens and a scientist!; Alien Encounters, Issue 1 (Spring): 7\_15, Paragon Publishing Ltd., Dorset, UK
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Cox, D.E., 1976. Problems in the Glacial theory. Creation Research Society Quarterly, 13: 25\_34.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Crater, H.W., 1994. A probabilistic analysis of geomorphical anomalies in the Cydonia region of the Martian surface; Moon/Mars Forum at Cody, WY, 17\_18 September 1994. [Dr. H.W. Crater
, The University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN, 37388]
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Crystall, E., 1991. Silent Invasion; Paragon House, New York.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\fs24 
\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 D.O.E., 1977. Nure aerial gamma ray and magnetic reconnaissance survey: Thorpe Area \_ Scranton NK 18\_
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\par }\pard \fi-720\li720\nowidctlpar {\fs24 Yahweh (ed.), 1965. The Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, College Edition, Oxford.
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